外部治理环境、股权集中度与盈余质量

本文以2009-2012年间我国上市公司为样本,实证检验了上市公司股权集中程度对盈余质量的影响。结果表明上市公司股权集中程度越高,公司的盈余操纵程度越严重,即盈余质量越低。进一步研究表明,较好的外部治理环境加剧了股权集中度对上市公司的盈余管理程度的影响,意味着外部治理环境与上市公司盈余质量的替代效应加强了内部股权结构对盈余质量的作用。     

外部治理环境、股权集中度与盈余质量

本文以2009-2012年间我国上市公司为样本,实证检验了上市公司股权集中程度对盈余质量的影响。结果表明上市公司股权集中程度越高,公司的盈余操纵程度越严重,即盈余质量越低。进一步研究表明,较好的外部治理环境加剧了股权集中度对上市公司的盈余管理程度的影响,意味着外部治理环境与上市公司盈余质量的替代效应加强了内部股权结构对盈余质量的作用。     

终极产权性质、第一大股东对盈余质量的影响分析

以我国2006年底已经实施了股改的深沪两地A股上市公司2007～2008年的经验数据为样本,采用收益-盈余模型检验了终极产权性质、第一大股东与盈余质量之间的关系,研究发现:对于已经实施了股改的上市公司,股权仍然相对集中;当上市公司属于国家终极控制时,盈余质量会较高;第一大股东持股比例与盈余质量正相关;第一大股东对上市公司董事会的控制能力与盈余质量正相关;其他大股东对控股股东的制衡能力对盈余质量的影响不显著.     

盈余质量评价体系研究

我国投资者受到众多因素的干扰对上市公司盈余质量的识别不易,本文从盈余质量静态和动态两个状态结合为复杂状态指标,旨在建立传统盈余报酬模型下的主成因综合评价模型考察单体上市公司处于行业中的盈余质量水平.     

上市公司控股股东特征与盈余质量关系的实证研究

本文在阐述控股股东特征与盈余质量相关理论的基础上,以我国A股制造业上市公司2011年度数据为研究对象,运用多元回归分析法对我国上市公司控股股东特征与盈余质量的关系进行分析。实证结果显示:控股股东的身份构成、控股股东的持股比例、控股股东担任总经理或董事长与盈余质量呈负相关关系,其他股东的制衡能力、独立董事占董事会的比例与盈余质量呈正相关关系。     

是盈余稳健性还是盈余管理？来自中国证券市场的经验证据

本文考察2002-2005年上市公司会计盈余所具有的稳健性特征究竟是代表较高盈余质量的真正的盈余稳健性，还是可能只是向下盈余管理行为所带来的盈余稳健性的表象。研究发现，由于受洗大澡的盈余管理行为噪音的影响，2002-2005年上市公司总体表现出的盈余稳健性特征并不是代表较高盈余质量的真正的盈余稳健性，而可能主要是“洗大澡”盈余管理行为所带来的盈余稳健性的表象。本文的研究结论表明，在我国ST制度等特殊的制度背景下，上市公司向下盈余管理行为将影响对上市公司盈余稳健性结果的测定，单纯以盈余稳健性的强弱作为衡量上市公司盈余质量高低的标准未必可行。     

我国上市公司股权结构与盈余管理关系研究

上市公司的会计信息质量是证券市场稳定发展的根本,但近年来我国许多上市公司的会计信息严重失真,盈余管理混乱的现象十分严重。本文基于我国上市公司股权结构的特点以及它们对盈余管理的影响展开研究。     

我国上市公司盈余管理实证研究

盈余管理是困扰上市公司信息质量的一个主要问题.过度的盈余管理,必然造成会计信息失真,影响资本市场的资源配置.从上市公司盈余管理的配股动机出发,采用Fama-French三因素模型分析配股政策对上市公司盈余管理行为的影响,结果表明:配股政策对上市公司盈余管理行为有显著影响,我国上市公司的盈余管理行为是政策诱导型的.因此,加强证券市场监管是治理盈余管理问题的根本出路.     

我国上市公司股权结构与盈余管理关系研究

上市公司的会计信息质量是证券市场稳定发展的根本,但近年来我国许多上市公司的会计信息严重失真,盈余管理混乱的现象十分严重。本文基于我国上市公司股权结构的特点以及它们对盈余管理的影响展开研究。     

基于效率观和掏空观的关联交易与盈余质量关系研究

目前学术界关于大股东控制下的关联交易对上市公司的影响主要存在"效率促进"和"掏空"两种主流观点。郑国坚等(2007)发现关联交易与上市公司价值之间存在N型关系,表明两种效应在我国同时存在。本文进一步从会计盈余质量的角度检验这两种观点。通过对我国2000-2005年5576家上市公司的实证研究发现,关联交易与会计盈余质量之间是一种直线关系,关联交易程度越高,盈余管理程度越大、价值相关性也越低。这说明,从会计盈余质量的角度看,关联交易主要表现为掏空效应,损害会计盈余质量。     

管理层变更与盈余管理——基于我国上市公司的实证研究

盈余管理是造成会计质量低下的主要原因之一，我国上市公司管理层变更与盈余管理存在着密切的关系。本文通过实证方法，采用线下利润占总利润的比重作为衡量盈余管理的指标对我国上市公司管理层的变更和非营业活动进行的盈余管理进行研究，并利用应计利润模型（Jones模型和修正的Jones模型）对发生管理层变更的公司进行盈余管理的检验。     

控股股东与盈余质量——基于盈余反应系数的考察

在我国目前的经济环境下,企业的股权结构,特别是控股股东的大量存在是造成盈余质量不高的一个重要原因。基于这种考虑,我们调整了盈余反应系数基本模型,加入与控股股东有关的研究变量,使用我国上市公司1999～2002年间的经验数据加以分析,结果表明:控股股东的持股比例与企业的盈余质量显著负相关;控股股东为国有股时盈余质量更低;其他股东的制衡能力越强盈余质量越高。最后据此提出了有关建议。     

An Investigation of Auditors’ Judgments When Companies Release Earnings Before Audit Completion

The majority of U.S. public companies release annual earnings prior to the completion of audit fieldwork. We investigate this phenomenon in a controlled experiment with audit partners and senior managers. We find that releasing earnings before completion of the audit pressures auditors to adopt the goals of management, thereby reducing the likelihood of post‐announcement audit‐adjustment recommendations. We also examine the effect of audit committee (AC) strength in improving auditors’ judgments after annual earnings are released. When ACs are actively involved in accounting issues and proactively communicating with auditors—characteristics currently lacking in most ACs—the negative effects on auditors’ judgments are completely mitigated. Our study provides evidence on potential unintended consequences of early release of earnings and the importance of investing in high‐quality ACs to mitigate adverse effects of client pressures on audit judgment and financial reporting quality.     

公司治理、机构投资者与盈余管理

本文选取沪深两市2003至2005年(非金融类)上市公司的数据,采用最小二乘法和二阶段回归方法,对公司治理、机构投资者与盈余管理三者的关系进行了实证研究。研究发现:机构投资者在一定程度上参与了上市公司的治理,其持股比例与公司治理水平呈正相关关系,说明机构投资者的持股比例越高越有助于提高公司治理水平;公司治理水平与盈余管理程度呈负相关关系;机构投资者的持股比例与盈余管理程度呈负相关关系,说明机构投资者能有效地抑制管理层的盈余管理行为。     

The role of voluntary internal control reporting in earnings quality: Evidence from China

Using discretionary accruals to proxy for earnings quality, this study investigates whether and how the first voluntary internal control reporting in 2007 is associated with earnings quality in China. We find that earnings quality is higher in 2007, yet not in 2006, for public companies issuing a first-time voluntary unqualified internal control report, compared with listed firms not issuing an internal control report. Our findings are consistent with a signalling of performance explanation and inconsistent with a signalling of effectiveness explanation. We also find that earnings quality is lower for public companies issuing an internal control report mentioning a weakness, compared with public companies not issuing an internal control report. Overall, our study suggests that public companies conduct diligent self-assessments when issuing a first-time voluntary unqualified internal control report. Consequently, there is an improvement in earnings quality.     

高质量内部控制能抑制盈余管理吗?——基于自愿性内部控制鉴证报告的经验研究

本文以2009年度A股非金融类上市公司为研究对象,探讨高质量内部控制对盈余管理的影响。结果表明:高质量内部控制能够抑制公司的会计选择盈余管理和真实活动盈余管理;披露内部控制鉴证报告的公司具有更低的盈余管理程度;尤其是获得合理保证的内部控制鉴证报告的公司,其盈余管理程度更低。采用处理效应模型校正自选择性偏差后,上述结论更为稳健。     

Do corporate governance recommendations improve the performance and accountability of small listed companies?

This study examines whether the implementation of the 2003 Australian Securities Exchange Limited governance recommendations influenced the governance choices of small companies and whether compliance improves their accounting and market performance and earnings quality. Our analysis examines small and large companies because we are interested in the different effects of the governance recommendations on the two groups. The analysis shows a significant shift by small and large companies to comply with the recommendations around the time of their introduction. We find that formation of an audit committee surrounding the reform period is significantly associated with improved earnings quality for small and large companies. However, compliance with other governance recommendations is not systematically associated with improved performance or earnings quality.     

Three Common Misconceptions About Markets (or Why Earnings Smoothing,Guidance, and Concern About Meeting Consensus Estimates are Likely to be Counterproductive)

Although many executives strive for stable earnings growth, finance theory and research have long suggested that the most sophisticated investors aren't especially concerned about “normal” levels of variability in reported earnings. More recent research by the authors and their McKinsey colleagues also suggests that extraordinary efforts to achieve steady growth in earnings per share quarter after quarter aren't worthwhile and may actually hurt the companies that undertake them. While such efforts to smooth earnings involve real costs, the research finds no meaningful relationship between earnings variability and valuation multiples or shareholder returns. Based on these findings, as well as considerable experience in advising companies, the authors offer the following advice to senior executives:

• Managers shouldn't shape their earnings targets or budgets just to meet consensus estimates. Companies that reduce spending on product development, sales and marketing, or other contributors to long‐term growth are sacrificing long‐term performance for the appearance of short‐term strength.
• As the year progresses, managers should likewise avoid costly, shortsighted actions to meet the consensus. Resist the temptation to offer customers end‐of‐year discounts to boost current‐year sales, or to resort to creative accounting with accruals. Investors recognize these for what they are: borrowing from next year's earnings.

Finally, companies should reconsider the practice of quarterly earnings guidance. Instead of providing frequent earnings guidance, companies should design their investor communication policies to help the market to understand their strategy, the underlying value drivers of their business, and the most important risks associated with the business—in short, to understand the long‐term health and value of the enterprise.     

Do Foreign Directors Mitigate Earnings Management? Evidence From China

In this study, we use a sample of Chinese companies to examine the monitoring role of foreign directors in deterring earnings management. Our findings show that earnings management is significantly negatively associated with the presence and ratio of foreign directors on corporate boards. We further find that, under these conditions, earnings management is less pronounced in state-owned enterprises as compared to others. These findings are robust to various specifications of earnings management as well as to the approach used in matching the treatment and control samples. Interestingly, the negative impact of board membership of foreign directors on earnings management varies with audit quality, IFRS convergence, investor protection and the similarity or difference of the time zones of the foreign directors and China.     

The Effect on Financial Reporting Quality of an Exemption from the SEC Reporting Requirements for Foreign Private Issuers

We test for differences in financial reporting quality between companies that are required to file periodically with the SEC and those that are exempted from filing reports with the SEC under Rule 12g3-2(b). We examine three earnings quality measures: conservatism, abnormal accruals, and the predictability of earnings. Our results, for all three measures, show different financial reporting quality for companies that file with the SEC than for companies exempt from the filing requirements. This paper provides empirical evidence of a link between filing with the SEC and financial reporting quality for foreign firms.