深化税收征管改革必须正确处理的几个问题

适应以信息化、专业化为主要特征的现代税收征管要求，建立“依拓税收信息化网络，集中征收、属地管理、一级稽查”的现代税收征管模式是深化税收征管改革的必然选择。税收征管改革的深化必将导致全职能基层征管机构演变改造成行使单一管理职能的专业管理局，而其征收、稽查职能将被剥离上收到专业的征收局和稽查局，随着征管改变演变中机构分设、职能转换、流速再造，资源重组，优化服务等改革步伐的加快，出现了一些值得注意和深思的问题。     

税收征管改革必须正视的问题

近年来，税收领域里讲的最多、做的最多的莫过于税收征管改革。从税收征管的模式看，经历了“征管与稽查分离”、“征管查相分离”、“征管查代相分离”到“集中征收，重点稽查”。从征管的手段看，经历了由运用行政手段为主，转向运用法律手段为主。从征缴税方式看，经历了由上门收税到上门缴税。从税收征管的运作方式看，经历了由完全的手工操作，转向半微机化或微机化操作。税收征管改革给税收事业带来了活力，以税收征管改革为契机，税务系统进行了机构改革、人事制度改革，这些改革对税务系统合理配置机构，充分挖掘人才产生了很大的影响。税民 管改革给国家带来了实惠，税收领域中的偷骗逃欠税现象得到遏制，国家财力不断增强。税民 管改革也给纳税人带来便利，征管改革中税务部门提倡的爱岗敬业，优质服务便得缴税变得更加简单、方便。     

试论税收征管目标

税收征管目标既包括正确执行税法的目标，又包括促进纳税人依法纳税的目标。结合我国的税收征管实践，建议着重解决：正确处理税收征管目标与税收目标的关系；正确执行税法与促进纳税人依法纳税的统一；税收征管目标实现过程中矛盾的协调；税收制度与税收征管的协调。     

浅谈城区税收征管工作的着力点

推广新的税收征管模式并不等于不同条件，一味地追求一种典型的样板的形式，应根据各地的实际情况，因地制宜地制定律管办法，并不断完善。城区税收征管改革在机构的设置上，笔认为可在城区范围内设立征收分局，管理分局和稽查局（一级稽查）三个专业机构，各机构的职能应当明确，但要使三个专业机构能正常顺利的运转，要解决“疏于管理，淡化责任”，切实提高征管质量和效率，做好应收尽收，工作着力点宜放在。     

税收征管模式的创新与完善

所谓税收征管模式,是指国家及其税务机关,依照税收法律法规实施税收征管过秤程中,在税收征管组织机构、税收征管形式和税收征管方法等方面所采取的规范形式和结合方式,具体表现为税务征收、管理、柃查等组合形式。一、我国税收征管模式的演进及不足 ,完善的税收征管模式是提高税收征管效率的重要保障。理想状态下,纳税人都应当依法申报纳税,未依法申报缴纳的部分称之为“税收差额”。它直接反映了税收征管的效率和状态。根据国际货币基金组织专家对国际税收征管改革实践的分析,按“税收差额”的大小,可将各国税收征管效牢分为市场经济成熟国家的州类和经济转型类。     

浅谈对税收征管部门实行重奖的弊端

依法、及时、足额征收各种税款是税收征管部门的工作职责，是国家和人民赋予税收征管部门的神圣使命。但在实际工作中，特别是在分税制财政体制实施以来，地方各级政府为了实现本级财政预算平均，确保机构运转和人员工资发放，不得不对税收征管部门进行重奖，以确保财政收入任务的完成，但由此而引发的诸多弊端，不得不应引起足够的重视。     

村级个体户税收管征不可忽视

近年来，随着税制改革、征管改革和机构改革的步步深入，税收征管手段日趋现代化，这给城市税收征管带来一定的益处。但是，给农村个体户的管征带来好处的同时，也应该看到农村个体户税收流失严重的问题。因为该项税收具有零星分散，征管成本高，征管难度大等特点。     

征管活动的两个侧面——“外部征管”与“内部管理”

外部征管、内部管理是税收征管活动的两个不同方面。外部征管是进行内部管理的出发点，内容和要求，决定着内部管理的活动方式和发展方向；内部管理是实施外部征管的必要条件，在征管模式、征管环境等客观条件相同的情况下，内部管理水平决定税收征管效率。税收征管的两个方面既相互联系、相辅相成，又相互区别、自成体系。     

新税收征管模式在山西的实践及改革设想

征管模式的确立和完善，是税收征管改革的一项核心内容。新的税收征管模式只有与新税制的客观要求相适应，与基层实际情况相适应，与这工作相适应，一个科学、严密、高效的税收征管体系才能建立起来。同时，征管改革也是一个循序渐进的过程，随着改革的不断深化，新税收征管模式在实践中出现的一些矛盾和问题，需要认真研究探讨，并在实践中逐步改进和完善。     

对强化税收征管资料管理的思考

征管资料是税收征管的原始记录。随着税收法制化朱断推进，征管改革的不断深入，内行为的不断规范，其在税收征管工作中的地位和作用日益重要。当前，强化税收征管资料管理的重要性日益凸现。     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.