资本金缺口及各种补充方式利弊分析

资本金来源渠道狭窄,未能建立起动态的可随时补充资本金的良好机制是中国商业银行资本充足率偏低的主要原因。目前国内商业银行资本金补充的需求量相当大并且是动态增长的,为了应对WTO的挑战,需要尽快补充资本金并建立资本金补充的动态机制。资本金补充的方式多种多样,各种补充方式既有其积极的一面,也有其局限性。而且无论以何种方式补充资本金,都会使商业银行的股权结构和债务比率发生变化,影响商业银行的性质及其股东的控制权。因此,商业银行建立资本金补充的动态机制,就必须对各种补充方式进行有效组合;并且依靠内源融资方式,才能在长期内保持股权结构的稳定。     

马寅初先生银行资本观的研究与启示

马寅初的银行资本观强调了以资本为银行的基础,以资本约束银行的经营行为。我们通过对马寅初先生关于银行资本观的研究,探讨现代银行如何增强资本管理意识,以加强资本管理实现风险管理。     

Models of Capital Investments with Private Information and Incentives: a Selective Review

The purpose of this paper is to selectively review research that addresses capital budgeting decisions in settings characterized by dispersed information and incentive problems. The papers are theoretical; they formulate and analyze models that vary in the number of periods considered, the number of economic actors involved, and the number of alternative projects available. The aims of the review are to describe some of the formulations that have been studied, to highlight their key economic and mathematical properties, to reveal their common economic forces, and to collect and organize their basic results.     

人力资本价值计量方法探讨

人力资本的特性决定了其不同于财务资本的价值计量方法.人力资本价值计量应以产出法为主导方法,并体现团队计量、分层计量、动态计量的要求.人力资本价值包含企业整体人力资本价值、团队人力资本价值和个体人力资本价值三个层次.从整体人力资本价值到团队人力资本价值再到个体人力资本价值的逆向评估法符合现代企业生产经营的特点,也具有相当程度的可操作性.     

The cyclical effects of the Basel II capital requirements

Capital requirements play a key role in the supervision and regulation of banks. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision is in the process of changing the current framework by introducing risk sensitive capital charges. Some fear that this will unduly increase the volatility of regulatory capital. Furthermore, by limiting the banks’ ability to lend, capital requirements may exacerbate an economic downturn. The paper examines the problem of capital-induced lending cycles and their pro-cyclical effect on the macroeconomy in greater detail. It finds that the capital buffer that banks hold on top of the required minimum capital plays a crucial role in mitigating the impact of the volatility of capital requirements.     

论商业银行资产增长约束机制构建与资本充足率提升

我国商业银行资本充足率低且呈现不断下降的趋势,原因在于没有建立起约束资产扩张的内在机制。提高商业银行资本充足率,不能片面依赖于在资本市场扩股增资,根本出路在于建立资产增长的内在约束机制。     

Value relevance of human capital based disclosures: Moderating effects of labor productivity,investor sentiment,analyst coverage and audit quality

Voluntarily disclosed employee costs in annual reports of listed firms are value relevant, according to US based studies. However, investors appear to fail to take full advantage of the signaling opportunities presented by these disclosures. This study suggests that labor productivity, audit quality, analyst coverage and high technology categorization moderate the value relevance of voluntarily disclosed employee costs in Malaysia, contributing a novel set of moderating variables to the human capital accounting and value relevance literature, and extending the extant literature to an emerging economy. The results are consistent with the findings from US based settings, after incorporating these moderating factors. Pertinent policy recommendations, based on these findings, are suggested.     

Capital Structure, Information Acquisition and Investment Decisions in an Industry Framework

This paper analyzes the relationship between a firm's capital structure and its information acquisition prior to capital budgeting decisions. It is found that low-growth industries can sustain a large number of levered firms. In these industries, leverage is negatively related to a firm's incentive to acquire information during the capital budgeting process. In contrast, high-growth industries only sustain a small number of levered firms. In these industries, levered firms acquire more information than all-equity financed firms. The model yields empirical predictions regarding the effects of leverage on the expected amount and the volatility of corporate investment. While leverage does not affect firm value, highly levered firms generate a more volatile cash flow than firms with low debt levels.     

Strategic Capital Taxation in Large Open Economies with Mobile Capital

The purpose of this paper is to provide a methodologyfor computing time-consistent, strategic capital taxes in a largeopen economy and to analyze the nature of these taxes. Our resultssuggest that even if a full set of nondistortionary taxes isunavailable and even if the government has redistributive goals,the country which imports capital should tax corporate capitaland the capital exporter should subsidize it. We perform comparativestatics experiments to show how strategically chosen taxes varywith the parameters of the model. JEL classifications: H21,E62     

欧洲创业投资发展及启示

本报告基于对欧洲创业投资业发展历程的考察,从创业环境、政府基金支持、税收优惠政策、退出机制、监管体制和行业协会作用等六个方面,全面总结了欧洲主要国家发展创业投资业的经验。结合中国国情,我国发展创业投资须从创业环境、政府基金支持、税收优惠等方面加以促进和完善。     

论社会主义国有资本范畴

发展社会主义市场经济,搞活国有企业,离不开对国有资本的研究。长期以来,人们对"资本"讳莫如深,不敢使用这一范畴来研究中国社会主义经济问题,而以"资金"、"资产"来代替"资本"。这显然不能适应社会主义市场经济发展的要求,必须更新观念,用资本的范畴代替资金、资产的范畴,以国有资本代替国有资产,这不但是字面的置换,而且具有更深刻的经济意义。     

RAROC技术在我国商业银行中的应用

随着全球经济一体化程度的加深,银行之间的竞争日趋激烈.如何做好银行的绩效评价工作直接关系到银行未来的发展.本文引入经风险调整后资本收益率的概念,在分析经济资本的分配与配置原理的基础上,阐述了RAROC的优缺点以及经济资本管理理念对我国商业银行带来的深刻影响并试图探索RAROC在我国商业银行的业绩评价体系中应用的可行性.     

人力资本层化之我见

本文通过当前对人力资本的泛化认识的分析 ,提出了人力资本应层次化的观点 ,具体阐述了人力资本层化的理由、人力资本层化的具体划分及人力资本层化的重大意义 ,提出了人力资本和准人力资本的基本概念的内涵和外延及两者的关系。     

资本驾驭论

在社会主义市场经济的今天,资本、剩余价值与工人阶级的关系,一直是人们极为关注的课题。工业化和资本化是人类社会发展的必经阶段,也是通向共产主义的必经阶段。在社会生产力的工业化发展过程中,其内部矛盾也依照其自身规律经历着发展变化。改革开放以来,我国的公有制企业经历了一个资本化的过程。中国工人阶级的使命在今天集中地表现为“驾驭资本化,推进工业化”。工人阶级必须在社会主义市场经济的大潮中学会驾驭资本,驾驭剩余价值,驾驭资本积累的循环放大机制。只有认知这一点,中国的工人阶级才能自觉地担当起主人翁的历史责任。     

Intellectual capital disclosures by South African companies: A longitudinal investigation

Most of the previous studies on intellectual capital disclosures have been conducted from developed countries' context. There is very limited empirical evidence in this area from the context of emerging economies in general and Africa in particular. This paper is one of the early attempts in this regard. The main purpose of this study is to examine the extent and nature of intellectual capital disclosures in ‘Top 20’ South African companies over a 5 years period (2002–2006). The study uses content analysis method to scrutinise the patterns of intellectual capital disclosures during the study period. The results show that intellectual capital disclosures in South Africa have increased over the 5 years study period with certain firms reporting considerably more than others. Out of the three broad categories of intellectual capital disclosures human capital appears to be the most popular category. This finding stands in sharp contrast to the previous studies in this area where external capital was found to be most popular category.     

Personal taxes,cost of insurer equity capital,and the case of offshore hedge fund reinsurers

Insurer investment returns are taxed in the United States at the corporate level and at the personal level when they are distributed to shareholders. This paper examines the implications of personal taxes for the tax cost on insurers equity capital and how these tax costs have varied over time under different tax regimes and with different asset portfolios. The paper also discusses how personal taxes provide tax incentives to form offshore hedge fund reinsurers, which provide an interesting case study illustrating the relevance of personal taxes. Finally, the paper discusses the tax treatment of alternative capital arrangements, such as collateralized reinsurance and sidecars.     

Division Manager Lobbying Power and the Allocation of Capital

We investigate whether division manager lobbying power affects the allocation of capital in multi-divisional firms. We find that firm-level disparities in division manager lobbying power (measured by tenure, time-in-position, board membership, and top executive status) affect capital allocation in expected ways. Managers with greater relative lobbying power compete for capital expenditures from a position of strength. Evidence is also provided which suggests that division manager ownership mitigates lobbying efforts. Furthermore, disparity in division manager lobbying power is associated with lower firm excess value. These results support the view that division manager influence activities impact the operation of internal capital markets.     

发挥资本导向整合银行风险管理体制

近年来,资本管理在商业银行中的地位越来越重要,这是监管部门强调资本约束原则的效果,也是商业银行自身控制风险的重要手段。文章指出,作为商业银行风险管理工作的重要抓手,资本管理的核心是计量能力的提升,对于资本分配应掌握总量控制的原则。中国银行业应以资本管理为导向,逐步完善自身的风险管理体系。     

应用 Hedonic 估值方法的资本服务测算方式探究

学术界已有较多对于资本存量和资本服务核算的测量方法。文章通过 HV 估值方法使用差别化数据测算国内建筑类资本品的经验折旧,而不是使用以往所熟悉的永续盘存法。同时也给出了经济学文献中两种理论方法的对比研究：PIM 方法的若干假定与及 HV 方法使用市场价格的信息问题。回顾了资本服务测算的主要方面,即效率-年龄函数、折旧水平、指数问题与用户成本方法的应用前景。鉴于经济增长过程中资本服务相关性和动态变化,相应变量的准确测量是至关重要的。鉴于 HV 方法测算资本服务还处在探索和尝试阶段,文章尝试将资本存量与资本服务纳入统一框架体系,并就资本服务核算如何纳入国民账户体系以对我国资本项目进行测算精度研究。这一研究具有重要理论和实践意义。     

实物资本、资本体现式技术进步与经济增长的关系研究

本文通过对安徽省实物资本与经济增长长期变动关系的研究发现,2000年后实物资本的高速增长使实物资本边际报酬与实物资本产出弹性下降速度的有所减缓,因此仔在资本体现式的技术进步阻止了实物资本利用效率的下降。在对实物资本区分为设备资本和建筑资本,并重新核算基础上,利用新古典增长模型测算出安徽省设备资本的边际报酬的变动趋势,分析得出由于仔在设备资本积累引致的资本体现式技术进步,安徽省实物资本加速积累带来的经济增长是有效率的。