独立董事制度与监事会制度的兼容性探讨

我国上市公司治理结构的缺陷使得大股东对上市公司资产的侵占、大股东与上市公司的关联交易和上市公司的弄虚作假等问题日益突出,不断引发丑闻案件,使人们对监事会彻底丧失信心,把监事会讽称为"橡皮图章".证监会希望能够通过引进英美独立董事制度解决上市公司治理中的这一棘手问题.但独立董事制度的引入,不可避免导致了不同法系治理模武的摩擦,以及与我国监事会制度的冲突,独立董事制度与监事会制度的兼容性问题便由此摆在了我们面前.     

我国独立董事制度与监事会制度的探讨

独立董事制度和监事会制度是公司治理的重要内容。随着市场经济发展，中国先后引进了两种制度，但由于种种原因，这两种监督制度在实践过程中存在着一些缺陷，并在一些方面存在着冲突，这既是二元制公司治理结构下引进独立董事制度的固有矛盾．也反映了现有制度框架下法律法规的不健全。必须采取措施协调独立董事制度和监事制度的关系，以使其更好的友挥作用。     

对完善上市公司监督机制的探讨

独立董事制度源于英美国家,是在“一元制”模式下建立的独立董事制度。我国虽然导入了独立董事制度,但目前采取的是“二元制”公司治理结构。如何协调和处理“一元制”和“二元制”二者间的关系,是当前我国独立董事制度需要完善和解决的问题。本文针对如何建全上市公司监督机制,对我国上市公司内部监督制度现状和缺失原因进行分析,提出支持独立董事制度的观点,着重对监事会与独立董事的冲突协调和独立董事制度改造以及对监事会制度的完善对策。     

上市公司:独立董事和监事会能相融吗?

我国上市公司设立独立董事虽有必要，但与“公司法”和监事会制度都存在冲突，为了充分发挥独立董事和监事会在公司治理结构中的特殊作用，必须建立适合中国市场经济特征的独立董事和监事会之间的、新型的、互相协作的、配合与制约关系。     

独立董事制度：现存问题及立法建议

中国证监会要求我国上市公司在一定期限内建立独立董事制度，但目前在实施过程中出现了一些问题：独立董事的独立性难以实现，上市公司聘任独立董事片面追求名人效应，独立董事与监事会出现职能冲突，相关配套制度不具备等。立法中应该建立一个专门的独立董事任命机构，成立独立董事薪酬委员会确定激励方式，对独立董事的任期进行必要的限制，补充独立董事覆行义务的评判标准，明确独立董事与监事会在监督职能上的界限，健全公司治理结构。     

我国独立董事制度与监事会制度的探讨

独立董事制度和监事会制度是公司治理的重要内容.随着市场经济发展,中国先后引进了两种制度,但由于种种原因,这两种监督制度在实践过程中存在着一些缺陷,并在一些方面存在着冲突,这既是二元制公司治理结构下引进独立董事制度的固有矛盾,也反映了现有制度框架下法律法规的不健全.必须采取措施协调独立董事制度和监事制度的关系,以使其更好的发挥作用.     

浅谈我国独立董事与监事会的职能分配与制度协调

随着独立董事制度在我国的引入和实施,在我国公司治理结构中实际出现了独立董事与监事会并存的局面,导致在立法上和实践中都存在二者监督职能产生冲突的情形.应当在肯定独立董事制度和监事会制度并存的公司治理结构的基础上,理清二者的职能分配并协调彼此行使公司监督权力方面的关系,从而更好地发挥独立董事和监事会相互配合.相互监督,分工合作的监督优势.     

论独立董事制度及适用

在我国的公司治理模式下存在监事会是否还有必要设立独立董事制度争论极大，本文从独立董事制度的基本理论，对美国独立董事制度利弊分析及对我国的启示，与监事会的关系等方面子以分析，论述其必要性及其适用。     

独立董事与监事会的地位分立与职能契合

我国保险业是较早引入独立董事制度的行业之一。一些保险公司出于境外上市和引进战略投资者的需要,为优化决策机制、加强风险防范,在董事会中引入了独立董事。保监会于2007年发布了《保险公司独立董事管理暂行办法》,对独立董事的任职资格、任免程序、权利职责等作了详细规定,正式确立了独立董事制度。与此同时,保险公司大都设立了监事会。     

独立董事制度构建：国外经验及启示

独立董事制度作为一种有效的企业治理机制，正发挥着越来越大的作用，并被很多国家所采纳。通过对国外独立董事制度实施的分析研究，结合我国的具体情况，找出我国独立董事制度在实施过程中存在的问题，并针对这些问题，借鉴国外的先进经验，提出了相应的路径选择，包括：成熟的独立董事人才市场，独立董事遴选制度，激励约束制度，优化外部环境，加强与监事会的契合等。     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.