毛里求斯投资与经贸风险分析报告

投资状况 外国直接投资状况 吸引外国直接投资是毛里求斯政府实现经济多元化、扩大出口、保持经济稳定增长的重要手段。毛里求斯是世界上最为开放的经济体之一。由于稳定的政治经济环境和优越的投资投策，特别是税收政策，毛里求斯迄今已吸引到9000多家外国公司。过去，外国直接投资主要来自亚洲和印度次大陆，主要投向出口加工区的纺织服装业。随着毛里求斯纺织服装业竞争力的削弱，外资流入呈下降趋势。在政府优惠政策的吸引下，     

两税合并动了FDI的“奶酪”?

<正>最近,热议中的两税合并一事引起媒体的广泛关注。在内资企业为两税合并有可能于明年正式实施感到欢欣之际,也有些人担心,一直对我国税收优惠政策调整十分敏感的外资企业,会因为两税合并而影响其投资积极性。事实上,两税合并的久拖未决,一部分阻力的确来自外资企业。如今,根据两税合并草案,外资的平均所得税税率将从15％上升到25％;因此有人认为此举会对外商投资造成震动和冲击,这种担心不无道理。那么,两税合并是否真的触动了外资企业的“奶酪”?内外资税率统一将会对已经在中国投资的外资企业和有意投资我国的外商有何影响?     

"两法合并"会影响我国引进外资的质量吗?

本文将我国的外国直接投资(FDI)分为来自港台的外资和来自美国、日本、欧洲等主要发达国家的外资两大类,并利用我国各省、自治区、直辖市1993～2003年的面板数据进行实证检验,结果表明,来自港台的FDI对税收优惠较为敏感,而来自美、日等西方发达国家的FDI对税收优惠并不敏感。因此本文认为,“两法合并”中税收优惠政策调整以后,受到冲击的主要是来自港台的以加工贸易为主的外资,而来自美、日等国的以长期投资为主的外资所受到的冲击将会很小,因而“两法合并”对我国引进外资造成的负面影响将很有限。     

从中兴通讯看我国"走出去"企业税收政策

本文在对中兴通讯"走出去"情况进行调研的基础上,对我国境外投资税收问题进行了研究,提出了完善现行对外投资税收政策、税收协定和征管措施等方面的建议。     

美国投资与经贸风险分析报告

投资状况 外国直接投资状况 美国对境外资本持开放态度。这是美国外国直接投资增长的基本原因。除开放的理念外，健全的法制、完善的制度以及透明的规则等构成的制度性保障也是外资流入美国的重要原因。稳定的政治与社会状况有助于降低风险成本。国民待遇原则又有利于投资人间的公平竞争。因此外国直接投资虽然也有波动，但近年来呈稳步增长趋势。次贷危机导致金融危机及经济衰退以来，尽管有投资缩减的行为，     

新企业所得税法对外资企业的影响

面对新时期新《企业所得税法》的调整，我们必须重新考虑招商引资的内涵，适时转变观念，将利用外资和我国经济可持续发展目标妥善联系起来。我们认为，新《企业所得税法》调整后，对于大型跨国公司来说，两税合并对这部分高质量外资的吸引基本上不会有影响；对众多的中小外资企业，两税合并可能会有影响．但不会很大。     

欧盟外资安全审查新趋势的中国因应

<正>在欧盟及其成员国普遍收紧外资安全审查制度的新趋势下，梳理其演进和核心内容，评估其对我国投资的影响，提出“新趋势”的因应策略，对完善我国外资安全审查制度，推动重启中欧投资协定谈判以化解政治风险均具有积极意义。     

汇率变动对我国及我省外国直接投资影响的比较研究

亚洲金融危机发生后，东南亚国家汇率大范围贬值。尽管幅度不同，高的如泰铢达40％以上，低的如印度卢布也有8%;尽管原因不同，有遭受国际游资袭击被迫贬值的，也有为自身利益着想有意放任汇市下挫的;但不管怎样，周边国家汇率的变化对我国经济各方面的影响是显而易见的。这其中，与汇率水平密切相关的外国直接投资倍受关注；本文试图通过买证研究的方法；从历史的角度，利用我国及福建省历年数据对此加以定量的比较分析，从中进一步加深对福建省外国直接投资在金融危机下所受影响的了解。一、汇率变动对外国直接投资影响研究述评汇率对外国…     

FDI与中国产业结构升级

随着国际经济相互依存度的不断提高以及中国对外开放程度的逐步深化，在以跨国公司为主导的全球化浪潮中，得益于外国直接投资规模的扩大化、规模化，中国经济得到了快速的发展。改革开放以来，外国直接投资在促进我国经济发展，改善我国畸形产业结构方面发挥了很大的作用。当前我国已经进入产业结构调整的一个关键时期。如何在尽力发挥外资对我国经济积极推动作用的同时，尽量减少外资带来的负面影响，是我们当前面临的一个重大问题。本文主要从产业结构优化的角度来具体研究外国直接投资对我国产业结构的带动效应     

我国外国航空运输业营业税征管现状与思考

本文以北京市地方税务局涉外税务分局所管辖的外国航空运输公司为例,从税收协定和税收政策方面分析我国税务机关在对外国航空运输业营业税征管中存在的问题,并针对问题提出建议。     

税收优惠因抵免制而失效?——基于美国对华直接投资的研究

在国际直接投资研究领域,人们普遍认为,当母国对来源于外国的所得实行抵免制以避免国际重复课税时,东道国对外资企业的税收优惠往往转化为母国政府的财政收入,母国的投资者无法获得东道国给予的税收优惠.通过对1990～2004年实行抵克制的美国及实行豁免制和饶让抵免制的其它西方发达国家在华直接投资进行比较,未发现美国与其它西方发达国家在华直接投资的积极性存在显著差异.由于美国对该国投资者给予税收递延,使得投资者依然能够获得东道国的税收优惠,美国实行的抵免制并未阻碍该国投资者的在华投资热情.     

FDI税收优惠政策效应的理性思考

在全面回顾和分析国内外税收优惠政策对FD I引资效应的理论研究与实证研究的基础上,可以看出FD I的流动是各种因素综合作用的结果。鉴于我国税收政策对FD I的效应正在不断弱化,我国应及时推进两税合一。一味片面夸大其作用将严重阻碍内外税制的统一步伐。     

Determinants of Regional Investment Decisions in China: An Econometric Model of Tax Incentive Policy

This paper examines whether concessionary tax rates and tax incentives can attract foreign direct investment (FDI) into certain designated areas in China. Since China opened its doors to foreign investors in 1979, tax benefits have been used extensively to attract FDI into different areas. In 1991, a new tax law was introduced which superseded two previous income tax laws. This new law provides additional tax benefits which improve the investment environment for foreign investors. This study investigates the effect of China's tax rates and tax incentive policy on FDI and on the locational choices of foreign firms. Our empirical results indicate that tax rates and incentives are important determinants of regional investment decisions in China, after controlling for potential confounding variables covering infrastructure, unemployment rate, wage rate and agglomeration economics. Specifically, areas offering lower tax rates and increased tax incentives are found to attract greater amounts of FDI. The impetus of the tax effect on FDI is more apparent in the post-1991 period due to changes in the tax laws. Our results also suggest that infrastructure variables are important determinants of regional investment decisions.     

两法合并对FDI的影响分析

两法合并解决了因企业"身份"不同而享受不同税收待遇的问题,为各类企业创造了一个公平竞争的税收法制环境。新企业所得税法对FDI税收政策的变化,导致了外商来华投资的方式也发生了变化。这表明两法合并对FDI会产生短期影响,至于是否会改变长期发展态势是由综合因素体系决定的,因此,今后要注意防范税收累积效应。     

The Elasticity of Taxable Income in New Zealand*

This paper reports estimates of the elasticity of taxable income with respect to the net‐of‐tax rate for New Zealand taxpayers. The relative stability of the New Zealand personal income tax system, in terms of marginal rates, thresholds and the tax base, provides helpful conditions for deriving these estimates. The elasticity of taxable income was estimated to be substantially higher for the highest income groups. Changes in the timing of income flows for the higher income recipients were found to be an important response to the announcement of a new higher rate bracket. The marginal welfare costs of personal income taxation were consistent across years, being relatively small for all but the higher tax brackets. For the top marginal rate bracket of 39 per cent, the welfare cost of raising an extra dollar of tax revenue was estimated to be well in excess of a dollar. Implications of the findings are that: disincentive effects of high top marginal rates can be substantial even when labour supply responses are small; the welfare costs of increases in top marginal tax rates can be high; and announcement effects of tax policy changes can lead to considerable income shifting between time periods.     

养老金计划与个人所得税政策

不同税制模式和个人所得税征税方式对养老金计划的影响不同,而养老金计划的个人所得税政策如何定位又主要取决于公共政策对储蓄以及不同储蓄形式的态度。比较国际实践,从税制模式、储蓄传统和长期资产管理来看,我国公共政策不需要鼓励养老金储蓄,但从金融体系的稳定和长远发展来看,又需要对养老金储蓄形式给予一定的鼓励。因此,我国个人所得税政策应该对其给予适当税收激励,但不需要很大力度。考虑到我国分类征收的个人所得税制,本文认为,我国个人所得税对养老金计划应该采取TEE模式(养老金缴款不允许税前扣除、对未支付的资本收益或资本利得不征税、对领取的全部养老金收入不征税)。     

Taxing Multinationals

This paper analyzes the effects of tax policy on the strategic choices of multinationals and on national welfare. Contrary to existing theory, in the absence of foreign taxation, deferral of home-country taxation until earnings on outbound FDI are repatriated is generally superior to including those earnings in current income. This holds even if the home country taxes domestic investment less generously. This is also generally superior to exempting foreign income. Foreign taxes permit foreign governments to capture some of the pre-tax economic rent from the home-country FDI; this reduces the benefit to the home country of more generous taxation of outbound FDI.     

Tax treatment of dividends and capital gains and the dividend decision under dual income tax

The paper analyses efficiency aspects of a dual income tax system with a higher tax on capital gains than dividends. It argues that apart from the distortions to investments claimed in earlier literature, the system puts even more emphasis in creating incentives for entrepreneurs to participate in tax planning. The paper suggests that the owner of a closely held company can avoid all personal taxes on entrepreneurial income by two tax-planning strategies. The first is the avoidance of distributions, which would be taxed at the tax rate on labour income. These funds would instead be invested in the financial markets. The second strategy is a distribute and call-back policy, converting retained profits into new equity capital. Interestingly, the outcome is that investment in real capital is not distorted in the long-run equilibrium. Empirical evidence using microdata is also provided.      

Tax without Design: Recent Developments in UK Tax Policy

This paper considers the development of tax policy in the UK over the last decade or so and assesses policy change against a low bar – consistency and coherence. While this government has followed some consistent policies – notably, in some aspects of corporation tax and in increasing the income tax personal allowance – there are few signs of a wider coherent strategy. The same has been true of other recent governments. Many aspects of the system have become more complex. There have been numerous policy reversals. And few of those aspects of the system in most need of reform have been tackled. The need for reform, and a clear strategy for reform, remain as pressing as ever.     

An empirical study of the impact of corporate taxation on the global allocation of foreign direct investment: a broad tax attractiveness index approach

The question of whether a country’s corporate tax regime has a significant influence on the level of foreign direct investment (FDI) into that country is an important consideration in the design of national tax policy. This is especially relevant today in view of the recent increase in the global mobility of capital and subsequent increase in the importance of FDI to nations’ economies. Although several prior quantitative studies have investigated the link between taxation and FDI, they have tended to be restricted in geographical scope and in their measure of taxation.This study constructs indices of “corporate tax attractiveness” for selected countries and then analyses the relationship between the indices and measures of the flow of FDI into those countries. The indices are constructed by obtaining evaluations from international investors and taxation experts on the various attributes of the tax systems of those selected countries. A significant positive relationship was found to exist between the indices and measures of FDI inflows, and between individual tax system attributes and those inflows, thus adding support to the supposition that host country corporate taxation influences the size of FDI inflows.