LME镍、铜期货价格变动的时间序列分析

本文基于2003～2008年伦敦金属交易所（LME）3月镍、铜期货价格的日线数据，运用经典的时间序列R／S分析方法来研究镍、铜期货市场价格的非线性特征。分析结果显示：LME镍、铜期货市场价格波动是典型的有偏随机游动，H值均大于0．5，期货价格时间序列具有持久性趋势；LME镍、铜期货存在大约分别为447天和442天的非周期循环长度。     

现行汇率机制下人民币汇率收益率及波动率中有双长期记忆性吗?北大核心CSSCISSCI

本文基于经典R/S分析、修正R/S分析、GPH检验以及ARFIMAFIGARCH模型估计等方法的实证研究表明:首先,与ARFIMA-FIGARCH模型相比较,基于经典R/S分析方法得到的实证结果误差较大,而GPH检验方法又低估了时间序列条件方差过程中的长期记忆性行为。其次,在日元/人民币、欧元/人民币以及英镑/人民币汇率中间价对数收益率序列当中几乎都不存在明显的长期记忆性效应,但是在其波动率序列当中却都存在着极为显著的强长期记忆性效应,即人民币汇率中间价对数收益率及其波动率当中不具有双长期记忆性效应。再次,Student-t分布和GED分布能够比正态分布更好地刻画人民币汇率中间价对数收益率序列的"尖峰厚尾"分布特征,但是与GED分布相比较,Student-t分布更优。最后,自步入2012年以来,日元/人民币和英镑/人民币汇率中间价均呈现下降的迹象,欧元/人民币汇率中间价呈现攀升的征兆,而三者收益率序列的波动性均表现出小幅震荡的低位徘徊。但是需要注意的是,在金融危机中后期,人民币汇率中间价都表现出剧烈震荡的态势,其收益率的波动性也极为显著,因此在未来一段时期内人民币汇率中间价依然具有出现宽幅波动的较大可能性。     

库存对商品期货基差的影响:理论与中国的实证检验

在分析库存对商品期货基差影响的理论基础上,借助于三次样本回归方法检验了中国铜期货、铝期货和燃油期货与其相应库存之间的非线性递减关系,发现在商品缺货时,铜期货基差和铝期货基差分别与其库存成负相关关系;在商品充足时,库存对铜期货基差和铝期货基差的影响不显著;燃油期货基差与其库存成负相关系,且不存在显著的结构性影响。     

库存对商品期货基差的影响：理论与中国的实证检验

在分析库存对商品期货基差影响的理论基础上，借助于三次样本回归方法检验了中国铜期货、铝期货和燃油期货与其相应库存之间的非线性递减关系，发现在商品缺货时，铜期货基差和铝期货基差分别与其库存成负相关关系；在商品充足时，库存对铜期货基差和铝期货基差的影响不显著；燃油期货基差与其库存成负相关系，且不存在显著的结构性影响。     

黄金期货市场与股票市场的动态冲击效应实证研究

针对黄金期货市场与股票市场收益率的波动,运用结构向量自回归(SVAR)模型,选用最近4年的日内时间序列数据为研究对象,对上证综合指数及黄金期货收益率的冲击响应及格兰杰因果关系进行实证分析。结果表明,上证综合指数与黄金期货之间存在短期的交叉影响,短期内上证综合指数对黄金期货有预测效应,从长期看两者无显著关系。     

中国期货市场周日历效应研究

我国从1990年的第一只粮食期货开始,到目前的年交易总额达到70万亿,期货经历了蓬勃发展的历程,其市场规模逐渐扩大,在经济中的重要性日渐突出。本文通过实证分析,对我国期货市场收益率及其波动周日历效应进行研究,得出期货市场的收益率和波动均存在一定的周日历效应,收益率的周日历效应要强于波动的周日历效应等结论。     

中国期货市场周日历效应研究

我国从1990年的第一只粮食期货开始,到目前的年交易总额达到70万亿,期货经历了蓬勃发展的历程,其市场规模逐渐扩大,在经济中的重要性日渐突出。本文通过实证分析,对我国期货市场收益率及其波动周日历效应进行研究,得出期货市场的收益率和波动均存在一定的周日历效应,收益率的周日历效应要强于波动的周日历效应等结论。     

沪港股市收益波动性的实证研究

由于受地理位置、经济文化等因素的影响,沪港股票市场在收益率波动性上存在相关性。本文利用ARCH族模型及Granger非因果检验对沪港股市收益波动性进行了实证研究,结果表明:沪港股市的收益率波动存在中等程度的正相关性;港市收益率对沪市收益率具有一期前导作用;两市的收益波动仅存在显著的港市对沪市的单向"溢出效应";而且两市的收益波动均存在明显的"杠杆效应"。     

沪港股市收益波动性的实证研究

由于受地理位置、经济文化等因素的影响,沪港股票市场在收益率波动性上存在相关性。本文利用ARCH族模型及Granger非因果检验对沪港股市收益波动性进行了实证研究,结果表明:沪港股市的收益率波动存在中等程度的正相关性;港市收益率对沪市收益率具有一期前导作用;两市的收益波动仅存在显著的港市对沪市的单向"溢出效应";而且两市的收益波动均存在明显的"杠杆效应"。     

带高频信息及交互效应的波动率模型

本文利用股票市场的高频数据波动率预测,采用隔夜波动率和交易时段波动率预测模型,其中,隔夜波动率模型考虑了周末效应对波动率的影响,在交易时段波动率模型中,"已实现波动率"采用基于周平均收益率的函数系数形式,以考察短期收益与高频信息的交互影响,建立了函数系数GARCH模型。基于上证综指的实证分析显示,隔夜波动率存在明显的周末效应,交易时段波动率"杠杆效应"显著,短期收益与高频信息存在显著的非线性交互作用。     

Do economic statistics contain information to predict stock indexes futures prices and returns? Evidence from Asian equity futures markets

This research examines the impact of local and international market factors on the pricing of stock indexes futures in East Asian countries. The purpose of this paper is to present a study of the significant factors that determine the major stock indexes futures’ prices of Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan. This study first investigates the relationships between Hang Seng Index Futures, KLCI Futures, SiMSCI Futures, KOSPI Futures, Taiwan Exchange Index Futures and local interest rates, dividend yields, local exchange rates, overnight S&P500 index and a newly constructed index, Asian Tigers Malaysia Index (ATMI). 11 years historical data of stock indexes futures and the economic statistics are studied; 10 years in-sample data are used for testing and developing the pricing models, and 1 year out-of-sample data is used for the purpose of verifying the predicted values of the stock indexes futures. Using simple linear regressions, local interest rates, dividend yields, exchange rates, overnight S&P500 and ATMI are found to have significant impact on these futures contracts. In this research, the next period close is predicted using simple linear regression and non-linear artificial neural network (ANN). An examination of the prediction results using nonlinear autoregressive ANN with exogenous inputs (NARX) shows significant abnormal returns above the passive threshold buy and hold market returns and also above the profits of simple linear regression (SLR). The empirical evidence of this research suggests that economic statistics contain information which can be extracted using a hybrid SLR and NARX trading model to predict futures prices with some degree of confidence for a year forward. This justifies further research and development of pricing models using fundamentally significant economic determinants to predict futures prices.

     

中国饲料工业期货的价格发现实证研究

本文借助向量自回归模型、协整检验、误差修正模型、方差分解、脉冲响应函数等方法,以中国唯一的饲料工业期货———大连商品交易所豆粕期货品种为例,研究了期货价格与现货价格之间的动态关系,定量刻画了期货市场在价格发现中的作用。研究结果显示:豆粕期货价格与现货价格存在相互引导关系,并且期货与现货价格之间存在长期均衡关系,对豆粕期货来说,期货市场在价格发现功能中起到主导作用。     

沪深300指数期货价格随机利率效应研究

经典持有成本模型在非随机利率假设无法满足的条件下仅仅是远期合约而非期货的定价模型。本文采用拟合SHIBOR曲线的方法生成无风险纯折现债券模拟价格序列,对沪深300指数期货价格的随机利率效应进行了实证检验。研究结果表明,由于利率管制、股指期货市场和货币市场发展不成熟等因素的共同作用,沪深300指数期货价格中不含随机利率效应,指数远期和期货理论价格相等;如果持有成本模型其他假设条件也得到满足,则该模型可以用于沪深300指数期货定价。     

Impact of a tick size reduction on liquidity: evidence from the Sydney Futures Exchange

This paper examines the impact of a reduction in the minimum price increment on liquidity and execution costs in a futures market setting. In 2006, the Sydney Futures Exchange halved the minimum tick in the 3 Year Commonwealth Treasury Bond Futures. Results indicate that bid‐ask spreads are significantly reduced after the change. Quoted depth, both at the best quotes and visible in the limit order book, is significantly lower after the tick reduction. Further analysis reveals that execution costs are significantly reduced after the change. We conclude that a tick size reduction improves liquidity and reduces execution costs in a futures market setting.     

Stock market closure and intraday stock index futures market volatility: “contagion”, bid–ask bias or both?

Chang et al. [Journal of Business 68 (1) (1995) 61] examine the impact of the closure of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) on S&P500 stock index futures traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. They document a decline in futures market volatility immediately after the close of the NYSE, and an increase 15 minutes later when the futures market closes. They attribute this to contagion–i.e. a decline in information transfer from equities to futures markets following the closure of the underlying market. This paper examines the impact of the extension of trading hours in Hang Seng Index futures traded on the Hong Kong Futures Exchange on the 20 November, 1998 to 15 minutes after the close of the underlying market (the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong). Using the unique natural experiment provided by this change, a pattern similar to US markets is documented for the Hang Seng Index Futures following the change in trading hours. This provides strong evidence that the intraday pattern in volatility is caused by market closure. Unlike US futures exchanges, price reporters on the floor of the Hong Kong Futures Exchange collect quote data in addition to trade data. This data facilitates a test of another plausible microstructure explanation for the observed behaviour–bid–ask bounce associated with trading activity. This paper provides evidence that bid–ask bounce also explains part of the observed intraday behaviour in price volatility.     

Commodity tax straddles and the valuation of domestic futures exchanges: An analysis of the 1981 Economic Recovery Tax Act

The Economic Recovery Tax Act (ERTA) of 1981 substantially altered the taxation of commodity tax straddles. Prior to 1981, commodity tax straddles were actively promoted and used to defer income, to convert ordinary income into capital gains, or to convert short-term into long-term capital gains. ERTA imposed a mark-tomarket rule of account settlement for the taxation of futures transactions. This study examines the impact of ERTA on the futures industry by utilizing futures exchange seat prices for all domestic futures exchanges. Futures exchange seats represent specialized capital assets whose value reflects the discounted present value of expected future economic rents derived from trading activity. The results indicate that ERTA produced a large decrease in the market valuation of futures exchange capital which was not recaptured in the ten months following the announcement.The financial support of the Columbia Futures Center was essential to the research reported here. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions, and Matthew Deno, Darrell Petter, and Shan Guo for valuable research assistance.     

The impacts of futures trading on volatility and volatility asymmetry of Bitcoin returns

The impact of Bitcoin futures introduction on the underlying Bitcoin volatility has been a controversial topic. Conflicting results had been obtained from different sample periods and methodologies. To address this debate, this study examines the impact of futures trading on volatility and volatility asymmetry of Bitcoin returns in the short and long run. Using exponential GARCH models, we introduce a dummy in the variance equation to capture the changes in the volatility after the introduction of Bitcoin futures. We find that after the introduction, spot return volatility decreases in the short run, but increases in the long run. Besides, in the short run, there exists an inverse leverage effect before and after the introduction; in the long run, the inverse leverage effect before the introduction changes to a usual level effect after the introduction. Finally, we examine whether greater futures trading activity, proxied by trading volume and open interest, is associated with greater Bitcoin volatility. To do so, we decompose each proxy into expected and unexpected components and document that, in the long run, Bitcoin volatility covaries positively with unexpected futures trading volume, but negatively with unexpected futures open interest.     

A note on execution costs for stock index futures: Information versus liquidity effects

This paper examines execution costs and the impact of trade size for stock index futures using price-volume transaction data from the London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange. Consistent with Subrahmanyam [Rev. Financ. Stud. 4 (1991) 17] we find that effective half spreads in the stock index futures market are small compared to stock markets, and that trades in stock index futures have only a small permanent price impact. This result is important as it helps to better understand the success of equity index products such as index futures and Exchange Traded Funds. We also find that there is no asymmetry in the post-trade price reaction between purchases and sales for stock index futures across various trade sizes. This result is consistent with the conjecture in Chan and Lakonishok [J. Financ. Econ. 33 (1993) 173] that the asymmetry surrounding block trades in stock markets is due to the high cost of short selling and the general reluctance of traders to short sell on stock markets.     

What foresight! Understanding Australia's housing future

Futures analysis has been little used to inform housing policy debate, despite the fact that historical precedent is becoming increasingly limited as a guide for policy direction. This paper examines the potential utility of ‘strategic foresight’ in considering possible housing futures for Australia. It examines the particular foresight methods employed, and processes used, to develop possible housing futures in the year 2025 and their policy implications. The paper concludes that foresight analysis, although not without its problems, creates the opportunity to move beyond current thinking and ‘path dependent’ policy parameters, enabling discussion of housing futures in a way that prompts critical discussion of the institutional arrangements and policies that shape housing policy in the present.     

Gender in futures: A study of gender and feminist papers published in Futures, 1969-2009

This paper reviews and discusses papers related to women's studies, gender or feminist perspectives, published in the scientific journal Futures. The aim is to provide new understandings and remapping of futures studies by capturing how gender is created and understood in this field. The gender/feminist criticism of futures studies mainly relates to the field being male-dominated and male biased, which means that the future is seen as already colonised by men. When synthesising the insights from all 78 papers focusing on futures studies and feminism, gender or women, four conclusions are especially striking: (1) Women and non-Westerners are generally excluded from professional futures studies activities and so are feminist issues or issues of particular relevance for women. (2) Futures studies usually make no attempts to reveal underlying assumptions, i.e. often lack a critical and reflexive perspective, which is needed in order to add a critical feminist perspective and envision feminist futures. (3) Feminist futures are needed as a contrast to hegemonic male and Western technology-orientated futures. Feminist futures are diverse, but focus the well-being of all humans. (4) Futures studies often view women as victims, rather than as drivers for change, which means that their alternative futures are often ignored.