新疆消费信贷发展特征和需要关注的问题

近年来，新疆各银行机构认真执行中国人民银行出台的多项消费信贷政策措施，加快消费信贷业务发展，提高消费信贷市场份额，全疆消费信贷进入了快速增长轨道，已成为商业银行最具成长性和发展潜力的一项资产业务。同时，消费信贷的快速发展，提高了全社会的消费能力和消费水平，在一定程度上对有效拉动自治区经济增长起到促进作用。     

拓展商业银行消费信贷对策思考

一、消费信贷的地位和作用分析伴随着我国买方市场的形成,以个人或家庭为直接贷款对象的消费信贷日益被社会所关注,并逐渐成为各商业银行新的竞争焦点和效益增长点,成为影响国民经济增长的重要因素。其地位和作用突出表现为:(一)消费信贷是扩大商业银行市场份额、增加经营收益的新型渠道。与传统的贷款业务相比,消费信贷具有独特的优势:一方面由于消费信贷直接服务于多层面、大范围的普通百姓,深入     

商业银行发展消费信贷业务的现实策略

随着我国全面建设小康社会步伐的逐渐加快，人们的消费观念不断转变，消费水平不断提高，对消费信贷的需求日益旺盛，消费信贷已经成为社会关注的焦点和商业银行竞争的重要领域。由于消费信贷在我国发展的历史不长，商业银行对该项业务大都经验不足，加上市场的一些不利因素，影响了消费信贷业务的广泛深入开展。     

加入WTO中国商业银行发展消费信贷业务的思考

介绍了西方发达国家消费信贷的发展和现状，分析了制约我国消费信贷发展的若干因素及我国发展消费信贷的必要性，从经济体制变革，经济持续增长及加入WTO面临的形势等方面阐述了我国消费信贷发展的潜能和趋势。从商业银行角度提出了当前发展消费信贷的战略和措施。     

商业银行消费信贷业务的风险管理研究

近年来,我国商业银行广泛地开展了消费信贷业务,各家商业银行对业务进行结构调整,使得消费信贷业务的发展在商业银行贷款业务中占得比重越来越大,银行利润不断升高.但是,商业银行消费信贷的风险也日渐凸显出来,逐渐威胁到了这项业务在商业银行的继续开展.而且我国商业银行开展消费信贷业务时间并不长,对消费信贷的风险性认识并不强,在面对风险时缺少有针对性的措施来控制风险.通过对国外发展经验的介绍,结合国内现状对我国商业银行消费信贷业务的风险进行了分析,同时为提高我国商业银行消费信贷业务的水平,增强商业银行竞争力而提出一些建设性建议.     

我国消费信贷发展趋势分析

消费信贷在其未来的发展中，将会走标准化和处理的道路，而且还将得到消费信贷保险的密切配合。经过若干年的快速发展之后，消费信贷将不可避免地成为我国商业银行的主要贷款业务。个人住房贷款将会就在消费信贷中始终唱主角。     

基于违约概率的消费信贷风险分析与度量

提高消费信贷风险管理的技术，有效控制信贷风险已成为我国商业银行在开展消费信贷业务过程中所面临的首要问题。由于消费信贷风险暴露具有一定的时滞性，使得某一时点的不良贷款率不能反映真实的违约水平。本文通过一个偿还能力模型讨论了消费者负债率与消费信贷预期违约率之间的定量关系，并比较了不良贷款率与实际违约率的收益与风险损失，为商业银行消费信贷管理提供了一个新的思路和相应的政策建议。     

我国消费信贷发展缓慢的原因及对策

由于收入预期下降，提供消费信贷的机构偏少，信贷品种单一，政策环境不宽松，导致消费信贷发展缓慢。促进消费信贷发展应采取提高居民收入预期、改善政策环境、注重商业银行开拓业务、扩大消费信贷品种等措施。     

发展我国消费信贷的难点及对策建议

自1995年以来，我国的消费信贷业务得到迅速发展，成为银行贷款投放的重要渠道，但是，相对于消费信贷在发达国家的较高市场份额和中国百姓的庞大消费需求潜力而言，我国的消费信贷业务在整个金融业务中所占的比例还非常小，尚须突破一些有碍其发展的制度、观念和营销等方面的瓶颈。     

关于加强商业银行个人消费信贷管理的几点思考

随着商业银行市场营销力度的不断加强，个人消费信贷业务在商业银行整个业务中的份额越来越大，从商业银行开展此项工作的实际看，虽时间不长，但各行大都能根据消费信贷业务的特点，如客户人数众多、贷款金额较少、风险控制难度大等，采取有效措施，加强消费信贷的基础管理工作。但在实际工作中也存在着一些不尽人意的地方，这些问题如果没有得到及时改进，将会对消费信贷产生极为不利的影响，因此，加强个人消费信贷的管理已显得尤为重要和迫切。     

Integrated Risk Management and the Role of the Risk Manager

ABSTRACT: Although the transferring of a firm's pure risk historically has been conducted through the insurance and reinsurance markets, risk managers of large corporations are reportedly becoming more sophisticated with regard to their risk financing strategies. This increased sophistication has come in the form of greater use of techniques such as captives, finite risk insurance, financial reinsurance, and risk retention groups. The purpose of this study is to assess the characteristics and extent of integrated risk management. Using survey data, we evaluate several aspects of risk management integration, including (1) the extent to which risk managers are involved in managing both pure and financial risks facing their firms, (2) the nonoperational types of risks handled by risk managers and the techniques being used to handle a broader set of risks, and (3) the effect that factors such as the size of the firm, the firm's industry, and the background and training of the risk manager has on participation in integrated risk management activities.     

Is the Risk of Bankruptcy a Systematic Risk?

Several studies suggest that a firm distress risk factor could be behind the size and the book-to-market effects. A natural proxy for firm distress is bankruptcy risk. If bankruptcy risk is systematic, one would expect a positive association between bankruptcy risk and subsequent realized returns. However, results demonstrate that bankruptcy risk is not rewarded by higher returns. Thus, a distress factor is unlikely to account for the size and book-to-market effects. Surprisingly, firms with high bankruptcy risk earn lower than average returns since 1980. A risk-based explanation cannot fully explain the anomalous evidence.     

Risk Aversion and the Value of Risk to Life

The standard literature on the value of life relies on Yaari’s (1965) model, which includes an implicit assumption of risk neutrality with respect to life duration. To overpass this limitation, we extend the theory to a simple variety of preferences that are not necessarily additively separable. The enlargement we propose is relevant for the evaluation of life‐saving programs: current practice, we estimate, puts too little weight on mortality risk reduction of the young. Our correction exceeds in magnitude that introduced by the switch from the notion of number of lives saved to the notion of years of life saved.     

Risk Communication and the Social Amplification of Public Sector Risk

Concerns exist within the public sector about the ability of organizations to communicate issues of risk. These concerns include: the nature and magnitude of risks; the vulnerability of those who may bear the consequences associated with an event; and the sense of helplessness felt by victim groups. Apart from the public sector's role as risk generator, regulator and communicator, it also has some responsibility for dealing with the consequences of a major catastrophic event through agencies such as health care and the emergency services. Under certain conditions, it is apparent that concerns over risk issues can escalate beyond a level expected by those charged with the management of that risk. Within this framework, the effective communication of risk and uncertainty is an integral, but often neglected, part of public sector activities. This article explores the process of risk communication and risk amplification and suggests a number of perspectives on policy development.     

Risk Management, Risk Capital, and the Cost of Capital

In a recent JACF article, Prakash Shimpi proposed a new way of calculating a firm's cost of capital that incorporated a concept of "risk capital" as well as operational capital. The premise of the Shimpi approach was that purchasing hedging instruments effectively "releases" equity that is no longer needed to ensure the firm's creditworthiness.
This article shows that Shimpi's cost of capital calculations incorporate this released equity in a misleading way, exaggerating the capital base and underestimating its true cost. It also demonstrates how conventional cost of capital approaches can be modified to integrate risk capital, thereby avoiding such distortions and accurately representing the cost of capital of a company with a policy of active risk management.     

Risk Assessments and Risk Premiums in the Eurodollar Market

Increasing awareness of the potential risks involved in lending to heavily indebted governments focuses attention on credit pricing in the Eurodollar market. This paper utilizes a recent survey of country-by-country risk assessments as perceived by lenders to show that a systematic relationship exists between these assessments and interest rates in the Euromarket. The relationship is derived from an underlying model described in the paper. The estimated parameters verify a number of hypotheses, providing insights on the loss rates lenders expect to incur in case of default.     

The Evolution of the Role of Risk Communication in Effective Risk Management

Risk management has evolved significantly over the past decades causing dramatic changes in the communication channels required to effectively handle the ever-changing risks a firm faces. The first generation of risk management dealt primarily with risks inside a company creating a need for internal risk communication. The second generation, which arose with the growth in third-party liability claims, involved many more stakeholders external to the company and forced the risk management function to deal with communications to these external parties. The third generation, which began as an expansion of the external risks that firms are exposed to, involves the board and senior management in the risk communication function.     

在险价值法在商业银行风险管理中的应用

近年来在险价值法作为一种金融风险管理技术在国际范围内被普遍应用，本文介绍了该方法的基本原理和计算方法以及它在信用风险度量和控制方面的具体运用一我国商业银行不良贷款数额庞大、信用风险管理问题突出，因而引入在险价值法具有重要的现实意义。     

Quantifying the Risk of Deflation

We propose formal and quantitative measures of the risk that future inflation will be excessively high or low relative to the range preferred by a private sector agent. Unlike alternative measures of risk, our measures are designed to make explicit the dependence of risk measures on the private sector agent's preferences with respect to inflation. We illustrate our methodology by estimating the risks of deflation for the United States, Germany, and Japan for horizons of up to 2 years. The question of how large these risks are has been subject to considerable public debate. We find that, as of September 2002 when this question first arose, there was no evidence of substantial deflation risks for the United States and for Germany, contrary to some conjectures at the time. In contrast, there was evidence of substantial deflation risks in Japan.