股票的权益比、账面市值比及其公司规模与股票投资风险——以上海证券市场的10只上市公司股票投资风险为例

最近20年来一些学者对CAPM理论模型检验的结果大都表明,股票的投资风险(或其收益)并非像该模型描述的那样由β系数唯一决定,还存在其他因素在股票投资风险中起影响作用。国内学者借助于横截面法的回归模型研究指出,股票的权益比率(D/E)、账面/市值价值比(BV/MV)与公司规模是决定股票投资风险除β系数外的三个主要经济变量。为了验证他们理论的正确性与精确性,该文率先运用模糊数学的聚类分析法,对上证市场随机选取10只样本股票的D/E、BV/MV、公司规模与股票投资风险相关性进行实证分析,并与用回归分析方法得到的β指数与风险关系进行比较研究。经研究进一步证实,股票投资风险并非唯一由β系数决定,股票的D/E、BV/MV及其公司规模应当成为β系数以外影响股票投资风险不可忽视的重要因素。本文研究的意义在于建议股票投资者,衡量股票投资风险不仅要考察股票的β系数,还应进一步考察股票的D/E、BV/MV和公司规模等。     

我国A股相对于H股溢价的实证分析——基于“壳价值”的解释

双重上市公司的股票价差之谜是学术界的重要课题。本文从内地和香港地区的上市退市制度差异导致的制度租金,即"壳价值"角度出发来解释A股相对于H股的溢价。运用固定效应模型,将2000年以来86家双重上市公司的面板数据进行实证检验。结果发现,壳价值对A-H溢价有较强的解释力,A股溢价部分来源于政府管制带来的上市资源稀缺,进而产生的制度租金。从绝对数值的历史表现来看,A股单个公司的壳价值平均约为30亿人民币。笔者测算结果显示,随着近年来A股发行制度市场化程度逐步提高,上市资格的稀缺性有所缓解,壳价值相应随之下降,但目前壳价值占A股总市值的比例仍高达14%。     

人力资本对股票收益的预测研究

迄今国内研究尚未系统剖析人力资本在资本市场中的价值，本文基于中国A股市场考察人力资本对股票市场的影响。通过回归和投资组合分析证实存在人力资本溢价，即人力资本水平越高的企业股票收益率越高，人力资本是影响股票收益的风险因子。从“风险传播”“价值增长”和“信息传递”三条渠道剖析人力资本溢价内在驱动机制，丰富了人力资本溢价理论解释机制。异质性分析发现：相比于非国有企业，国有企业中人力资本溢价更显著；融资约束和披露职工信息在人力资本溢价中发挥“促进作用”;经济政策不确定性在人力资本溢价中发挥“抑制作用”;劳动力市场规模越大越容易削弱人力资本对股票收益的影响。本文为投资者投资决策提供了新视角，为企业、国家重视人力资本贡献了股票市场诠释。     

对基于价值无差异的资产定价模型的实证检验——兼解释股权高溢价之谜

陈小悦和孙力强（2007）在价值无差异的基础上建立了一套全新的定价模型,本文采用股票市场的数据对该模型进行了实证检验,模型检验的同时也是对股权溢价之谜进行解释。研究结果表明,本文的定价模型在美国、中国内地和中国香港三个市场的检验都取得了良好的效果,即市场风险溢价均值都向模型的理论值收敛,实际风险溢价与理论值差异很小且不显著,采用该模型可以准确地描述股票市场组合收益率与风险的关系,并对股权溢价之谜做出合理的解释。     

流动性风险与资产定价——基于沪市的数据研究

对流动性的定价是金融经济学研究的重点之一.在国内外已有研究的基础上,通过建立实证模型,检验沪市是否支持“非流动性补偿”假设以及流动性风险是否得到显著定价.结果证明,流动性β值为负的股票预期会产生高收益,沪市支持“非流动性溢价”假设,流动性风险得到显著定价.同时,市场风险溢价也在沪市得到显著体现,市场风险β值对股票收益具有一定的解释能力.     

投资者结构是中国股票市场定价因子吗？

机构投资者持股比例可能会影响股票的预期收益，本文尝试探究投资者结构是否是中国股票市场定价因子。本文利用A股数据构建投资者结构因子，并将该因子加入Carhart四因子模型中进行实证回归。研究发现：(1)投资者结构是沪深股票市场定价因子，该结论通过了稳健性检验；(2)相对于沪深主板市场，创业板与科创板市场的投资者结构因子溢价更高；(3)新冠疫情提高了沪深股票市场的投资者结构因子溢价。本文补充了A股市场在资产定价方面的研究，为A股市场投资端改革提供了经验证据。     

规模、价值与市场风险因素相关性实证分析——基于向量自回归模型及脉冲响应函数的动态计量检验

文章以1993年5月—2008年4月沪市上市公司为样本,运用向量自回归模型,格兰杰因果关系检验和方差分解分析方法考察规模、价值和市场风险因素三个因素在股票收益方面相互之间因果关系及动态影响。研究结果表明:规模和价值、价值和市场风险之间存在一定的因果关系;规模因素与价值因素之间的动态影响在前两期表现明显;市场风险因素对规模和价值的动态影响时间较长,从第7期以后影响消失。实证结果还进一步发现市场风险因素是影响股票收益的重要因素。     

考虑流动性的三阶矩资本资产定价的理论模型与实证研究

本文把流动性风险、偏态风险引进传统CAPM模型中,推导出基于流动性的三阶矩资本资产定价的理论模型。本文的模型表明,证券(组合)的收益依赖于它的期望流动性成本、其流动性成本和市场流动性成本的协方差以及其收益和市场收益的协方差与协偏态。本文采用我国A股市场的股票收益数据对模型进行了实证检验.检验结果表明,我国A股市场的证券(组合)的风险溢价在大盘升降区间体现了不同的特征,无论是在全样本区间还是两个子样本区间,基于流动性的三阶矩资本资产定价模型都能更好的拟合资产收益,说明了流动性和偏态因素在我国A股市场的资产定价中有重要影响。     

CAPM模型在中国资本市场中的实证检验

本文采用中国上海资本市场的交易数据对资本资产定价模型(C A PM)的适用性进行了两个方面的检验:资产的风险和收益之间是否存在线性关系;资产的风险和收益是否正相关。结果发现:2010年1月1日至2016年1月1日期间,上海资本市场股票组合的平均超额收益率与其系统风险之间存在正相关关系,与非系统风险不存在显著的线性关系,基本符合标准形式的CAPM。     

三因素模型定价：中国与美国有何不同？北大核心CSSCISSCI

Fama-French三因素模型是资产定价的经典模型,在资本市场实践中广为应用。对比检验中美两国股票组合同期收益率,本文发现中国股市系统性风险突出,存在着市值规模效应,但账面市值比效应并不显著。中国股票组合的收益率是能够被市场风险溢价和市值规模效应的二因素模型较好诠释的。较之美国股市,中国政策信息影响频仍,个股对市场的变化敏感,但是中国投资者对于上市公司的成长性关注尚且不足。这就是说,相对于美国股市而言,中国股市的资源配置功能尚未完全实现。     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Cost accounting standard and cost accounting systems in Japan. Lessons from the past - recovering lost traditions

This paper aims to show two things. The first is how Japanese culture has contributed to the development of Japanese cost accounting history. The second is to reveal the research possibilities of cost accounting history. This paper also reviews the salient features of several important examples of these aspects of cost accounting practice in Japan. It therefore explores, through some practical illustrations, how and why Japanese cost accounting differs from that found in the West.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

【正】The China Journal of Accounting Research‘‘CJAR’’(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditin...     

Shared Standard Setting in the Public Interest:A Strong Model

正The last two decades have been a definitive era in the evolution of the accountancy profession.In the wake of major corporate scandals at the turn of the century,an international public debate arose on the need for more effective and well-considered regulation;this debate then reignited during the global financial and sovereign debt crises.     

HOW TO PUT TOGETHER A COMPLETE PACKAGE

正Many Institute members know they cannot rely purely on technical knowledge and business acumen to remain competitive.As soft skills are increasingly important,Jemelyn Yadao finds out how CPAs can maintain     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

Bayesian Risk Management for Equity-Linked Insurance

This paper describes how to apply Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques to a regime switching model of the stock price process to generate a sample from the joint posterior distribution of the parameters of the model. The MCMC output can be used to generate a sample from the predictive distribution of losses from equity linked contracts, assuming first an actuarial approach to risk management and secondly a financial economics approach. The predictive distribution is used to show the effect of parameter uncertainty on risk management calculations. We also explore model uncertainty by assuming a GARCH model in place of the regime switching model. The results indicate that the financial economics approach to risk management is substantially more robust to parameter uncertainty and model uncertainty than the actuarial approach.     

The historical significance of the revaluation of fixed assets in Japan's state-owned railway system, 1955-6

The Government Railways of Japan (GRJ) established a fixed assets accounting system on the accruals basis after the Second World War. The revaluation of tangible fixed assets was indispensable for GRJ's introduction of depreciation in 1948. GRJ scheduled the revaluation to secure a reasonable depreciation expense, because the company had applied the replacement method to all tangible fixed assets since its foundation in 1869. At the same time, GRJ assumed the balance of the revaluation reserve account to be a means of dealing with possible future accumulated losses.     

Effects of speculation and interest rates in a “carry trade” model of commodity prices

The paper presents and estimates a model of the prices of oil and other storable commodities, a model that can be characterized as reflecting the carry trade. It focuses on speculative factors, here defined as the trade-off between interest rates on the one hand and market participants' expectations of future price changes on the other hand. It goes beyond past research by bringing to bear new data sources: survey data to measure expectations of future changes in commodity prices and options data to measure perceptions of risk. Some evidence is found of a negative effect of interest rates on the demand for inventories and thereby on commodity prices and positive effects of expected future price gains on inventory demand and thereby on today's commodity prices.