巧用函数求取无形资产评估中的参数

在无形资产评估中,要用到一些计算复杂的参数,这些参数如果采用手工计算,不但繁琐,出错的机率也很高,让评估师感到十分棘手。计算机技术的运用大大减轻了我们的工作量,如果我们能较熟练地     

Case Studies Using Panel Data Models

Abstract

In this paper, we examine case studies from three different areas of insurance practice: health care, workers’ compensation, and group term life. These different case studies illustrate how the broad class of panel data models can be applied to different functional areas and to data that have different features. Panel data, also known as longitudinal data, models are regression-type models that have been developed extensively in the biological and economic sciences. The data features that we discuss include heteroscedasticity, random and fixed effect covariates, outliers, serial correlation, and limited dependent variable bias. We demonstrate the process of identifying these features using graphical and numerical diagnostic tools from standard statistical software.

Our motivation for examining these cases comes from credibility rate making, a technique for pricing certain types of health care, property and casualty, workers’ compensation, and group life coverages. It has been a part of actuarial practice since Mowbray’s (1914) fundamental contribution. In earlier work, we showed how many types of credibility models could be expressed as special cases of panel data models. This paper exploits this link by using tools developed in connection with panel data models for credibility rate-making purposes. In particular, special routines written for credibility rate-making purposes are not required.     

Explaining Real Commercial Rents Using an Error Correction Model with Panel Data

This paper presents rent models for retail and office property in the United Kingdom. Panel data are used covering eleven regions for 29 years, enabling us to overcome the limitations of a relatively short time series. We use an error correction model (ECM) framework to estimate long-run equilibrium relationships and short-term dynamic corrections. The combination of panel data and an ECM is an innovative approach that is still being developed in economics. We construct new supply series that combine infrequent stock data with more frequent construction data. Separate regional models are estimated for retail and office properties. The regions are then combined into a number of panels on the basis of the income and price elasticities in the long-run and short-run models. Unlike previous studies, we find no evidence of a board north–south divide between low growth and high growth regions. Like these studies we do find a London effect: in London, demand elasticities for space with respect to both price (rent) and income are much lower in magnitude. We conclude that, while the economic drivers may vary, there is no evidence of differences in the operation of the regional property markets outside London. Elasticities for retail and office are similar. Our final models are parsimonious with single measures of economic activity and of supply and always support the use of an ECM.     

Valuation Risk and Asset Pricing

Standard representative‐agent models fail to account for the weak correlation between stock returns and measurable fundamentals, such as consumption and output growth. This failing, which underlies virtually all modern asset pricing puzzles, arises because these models load all uncertainty onto the supply side of the economy. We propose a simple theory of asset pricing in which demand shocks play a central role. These shocks give rise to valuation risk that allows the model to account for key asset pricing moments, such as the equity premium, the bond term premium, and the weak correlation between stock returns and fundamentals.     

Valuation Effects for Asset Sales

This study provides evidence that the outcome for shareholders resulting from asset sales is determined at the time of transaction by the value for the asset sold. Assets sold above market value are followed by positive and significant abnormal returns over the following three months; these returns are magnified in firms where the balance of power in corporate governance favors shareholders. Abnormal returns following undervalued asset sales are insignificant from zero, indicating value-preservation. Value-preservation when the assets are sold below market value becomes less likely as firms approach financial constraints. The reverse is true when assets are sold above market value. This evidence is documented for apartment REITs, which have a large number of comparable transactions available for estimating expected market values.     

运用加权平均资产收益率WARA法测算企业无形资产折现率

无形资产折现率是收益法评估无彤资产的重要参数之一,国内外目前对无形资产评估中折现率的确定也有多种方法。运用加权平均资产收益半WARA（Weighted Average Return on Assets）法,结合案例基本财务数据,通过对案例公司所处啤酒行业其他上市公司年报数据的分析,计算确定案例公司的无形资产拆现率。     

资产评估的不确定性分析

评估师的工作就是为客户提供有关资产的最有价值的信息.而在目前的评估报告中,评估结果仍以一个单一的评估价值来表示,并且只附加了简单的解释,这种评估对客户的来说使用价值相当有限,由于客户不知道单一的评估价值所处的合理价值范围以及相应的概率,在做出投资决策时选择余地很少,有时甚至会产生误导.资产评估中不可避免会存在一定程度的不确定性,当市场和资产条件未发生变化时,评估师本可以做出正确的估价,但当条件变化时,他无法对评估结果的准确性及可靠性发表意见.本文主要探讨的是"正常的不确定性",亦可以简称为"不确定性".不确定性是评估中普遍存在的一种现象,不确定性的描述和鉴别对客户会有很大的帮助,同时也可以提升评估师工作的可信度.     

无形资产评估（下）——-曼彻斯特商学院企业研究中心报告

如何选择恰当的评估方法某些评估方法针对某些目的的评估最适当,下表列出无形资产评估的一些主要评估目的和适用的评估方法:依据<无形资产评估>(安达信公司1992年的特别报告P254号)分类无形资产评估版权评估版权,是指受法律保护的著作权所有人的各项专有权利。版权所有者通常是其作者,包括艺术家、作曲家或公司(如果作品是公司职员上班时间工作完成)。版权(文学、音乐、戏剧和艺术作品的)所有者有权允许或禁止有版权的出版物的发行。这包括再版全部或部分作品、出版、销售出版物或发表该项作品等。注意:作品并不是必须出版才享有版权。与专…     

行政许可资质不是无形资产

随着行政许可法的实施,关于行政许可资质是否是无形资产的讨论也更加热烈起来了.部分评估师认为行政许可资质是一项无形资产.其主要依据是行政许可不易取得,同时存在买卖行政许可资质的行为,价格也不菲.而笔者认为,行政许可类资质不是无形资产,其仅仅是行政相对人取得的一项人格权证明,而非财产权证明.就此,笔者需要谈谈个人的观点.     

关于金融不良资产评估的几点思考

中国资产评估协会最近发布的<金融不良资产评估指导意见(试行)>,是近年来金融不良资产评估实践经验的结晶.它对金融不良资产评估的规范化,具有十分重要的指导意义,对各金融资产管理公司的资产处置工作具有极大的促进和推动作用,并且可以说是价值评估行业规范管理、规范执业的一个重要里程碑.     

Towards Some Principles for Intangible Asset Accounting

This paper examines the conceptual issues of intangible asset accounting in the context of recent controversies over the treatment of brand names and goodwill in company accounts. Issues of definition and recognition and the rationale for balance sheet disclosure are considered for goodwill and other intangibles. The implications of capitalising intangibles under accounting models based on present value, net realisable value, current cost and historical cost are examined, and certain principles are proposed. The problem of testing the validity of asset valuation is explored, and a test is developed on the basis of the ‘recoverable amount’ rule of historical cost. This test is demonstrated for two major UK companies.     

也谈无形资产评估的重要

两家规模、硬件设施、经营范围和方式大抵相当的企业几乎同时开业,没过多久,一家经营的红红火火（A公司）,一家是奄奄一息,面临清算（B公司）。这时评估师接手对两家公司进行评估,从有形的资产层面来讲两家难分伯仲,但因无形资产的区别很大,他们的结局却是两重天。     

技术类无形资产和技术类无形资产评估常见问题的探析

本文首先介绍了技术类无形资产的概念,重点对在评估实务中的一些常见的问题从评估方法、术阶段判断等做了较为详尽的剖析。进而详细地叙述了影响技术类无形资产价值的因素,文章选用参数、技术类无形资产定位、技术类无形资产所处技     

谈谈资产评估的价值基础

古典经济学中的劳动价值论和现代西方经济学中的供求平衡价值理论是资产评估的理论基础.采用现行市价法评估单项资产的价值是市场价值,采用重置成本法评估单项资产的价值主要是非市场价值.目前采用重置成本加和法评估一个持续经营企业的整体资产价值,当物价上涨时作为财务报告的补充资料来增强财务报告的有用性是必要的,但不符合持续经营价值的定义.现行市价法和收益现值法是评估一个持续经营企业的整体价值的有效方法,也是现代西方经济学中的供求平衡价值理论的体现,但现行市价法操作较难,因此整体资产的价值评估应定位于收益现值法.     

以交易为目的的资产评估价值相关性研究——来自A股市场的经验证据

本文试图通过对我国上市公司资产重组中资产评估结果的确定及影响因素进行实证分析,来验证以交易为目的的资产评估的价值相关性。研究发现,不同重组方式对净资产的增值率没有显著影响,而不同评估方法下的评估结果则显著影响了净资产增值率;重组事件中评估标的物属于上市公司时,对市场没有显著影响,但长期股权投资则对股价有解释力。