完善公司治理与管理会计创新

本文认为 ,会计信息系统在公司治理中的作用还有待进一步全面认识。财务会计信息由于受多种因素的限制 ,不能完全满足公司治理的要求 ;而管理会计也需要重新构造其目标和方法体系 ,才能有助于公司治理。管理会计与财务会计都是为公司的内外部服务 ,两者的差异从根本上说源自信息披露是否具有强制性。为推进管理会计的改革和发展 ,应重视会计系统的环境因素、管理制度创新与规范的结合和会计信息的内在性质。     

会计人才能力需求与本科会计教育改革:利益相关者的调查分析

本研究利用焦点团体访谈和问卷调查方法,探讨中国本科会计教育改革的问题。通过对会计师、会计学生和会计教师三类会计教育利益相关者的结构化访谈和问卷调查,研究不同利益相关者在会计毕业生能力项目和会计教学方法两个方面的期望认知。研究结果表明,不同利益相关者之间对部分能力项目和教学方法存在认知差异,教师是否接受海外教育背景对这两类项目的认知差异不显著。根据研究结果,我们分析了其产生的原因以及对中国会计教育改革的启示。     

高校建立管控型的财务共享服务中心模式的探讨--基于运用浪潮GS管理软件

2014年11月,财政部《关于全面推进管理会计体系建设的指导意见》（财会【2014】27号）,不仅是推动我国经济转型升级的需要,也是深入推进会计强国战略的重要举措,助力推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化,指出了我国会计改革与发展的重要方向。我国管理会计发展相对滞后,高等学校做为管理会计的实施单位,应强化预算管理和成本控制,在对管理会计工作的有益案例进行学习借鉴的基础上,根据校情选择建立“互联网+”管理会计信息系统的具体运行方案,如通过建立财务共享中心,进行业务流程重整,建立系统平台,设计信息系统方案和业务流程方案,实现业务与财务的一体化,使会计核算与预算管理深度契合（即嵌入）,解决预算与业务的偏离问题,促进学校会计工作上水平,为学校发展提供更加有力的保障。     

论中国会计改革三十年

三十年的会计改革是灿烂辉煌的历史里程,是中国,也是世界会计发展史上的里程碑。本文主要从会计思想、理论与教育三方面,研究三十年会计改革的伟大成就,归纳它的基本历史经验,并指出未来的会计改革,要坚持科学发展观,把会计改革的一个重要方面,放到解决农业经济管理问题与加强农业财务、农业会计管理上去,以服务深化农村产权制度改革。     

Managing Multiple Institutional Logics and the Use of Accounting: Insights from a German Higher Education Institution

This paper examines the use of accounting in managing the co-existence of different institutional logics in a German higher education institution (HEI), and its impact on the HEI. The study is of particular interest as the HEI analyzed pursued its own corporatization through a re-organization from a state into a foundation university. We show that this corporatization through the adoption of new public management related ideas leads to institutional complexity arising from the co-existence of extant state and emergent business logics. Our study suggests that HEIs may deploy particular accounting practices shaped by business logic only superficially, so as to satisfy stakeholders such as governmental authorities in order to enhance their legitimacy following a self-imposed reform, while the operation of the HEI remains rooted in state logic. Specifically, the findings suggest that in the case of actual changes to the budgetary process arising through the corporatization and an emergent logic, failure to replace abandoned accounting practices shaped by a previously dominant logic with equivalent practices adhering to either extant or emerging logic(s), may put the organization at risk. Overall, our study contributes to a better understanding of the dangers of an organizational response to institutional complexity, referred to as reactive decoupling, in the management of institutional complexity and points to its negative impact on organizations' hybridization capability.     

会计教学中批判性思维教学法运用策略分析

批判性思维和解决问题的能力是评判未来合格的会计专业人员的重要条件。本文以批判性思维教学理论为基础,对批判性思维在会计教学中的运用效果进行了评析,提出了会计教师在会计课堂教学中应采用不同的策略,以培养会计专业的学生批判性思维技能和解决问题能力。     

基础会计手工实验教学改革的探讨

基础会计手工实验课程是经济管理类院校会计学各专业及相关专业开设的必修课程,是在讲授完会计基础理论之后进行的实验教学环节,与传统的会计基础理论教学相比较具有一定的优势,如增强了学生对会计基础理论和基本知识的感性认识,增强了学生对会计业务的识别、阅读能力等,但在教学中也体现了一些不足,本文从改变传统教学模式、改变传统教学方法、更新教育理念三个方面提出对基础会计手工实验进行教学改革的措施。     

国有商业银行会计业务流程再造的现实思考

近年来,国有商业银行加快了股改上市的步伐,但滞后的业务流程逐渐成为制约其发展的“瓶颈”,因而,各项业务流程的改革势在必行。本文主要针对会计业务流程,介绍了国外相关业务流程再造的特点,分析了我国国有商业银行会计业务流程的现状并设计了会计业务流程再造的具体方案:即实行网点综合化和柜员综合制改革;以业务处理中心为主体,实施前后台业务流程再造;建立以业务核算预警监控系统为基础的检查监督机制;建立以支行核算管理部门为基础的管理会计体系。作者还介绍了该流程再造方案试点实施后的效果,同时提出了若干具体的改革建议。     

Reform of Accounting Education in the Post-Enron Era: Moving Accounting 'Out of the Shadows'

This article reflects critically on the general state of university-based accounting education. It highlights the chiding of business school educators by the President of the U.S.A., George W. Bush, in his response to the collapse of Enron and subsequent corporate failures. It draws attention to Bush's plea for corporate accounting to be moved 'out of the shadows'.
An agenda of reform for accounting education is proposed, seeking a greater responsiveness by accounting educators to three broad matters: first, the political, rhetorical and ideological nature of accounting; second, the 'poverty of discourse' in accounting curricula; and third, the merits of a better understanding of accounting history. It is suggested that responsiveness to these matters be manifest in a stronger commitment to critique of accounting. This entails implementation of four curriculum themes commencing in the first class in accounting. The benefits of reading and reflecting upon the collected life's work of distinguished intellectual forbears of our discipline are canvassed. Wide-ranging general proposals for the reform of accounting education are advanced.     

Performance in first year university accounting: Quantifying the advantage of secondary school accounting

Considerable research has been conducted into the relation between students' level of previous accounting knowledge and their subsequent performance in first year university-level accounting. This study considers variables for academic performance and previous accounting knowledge in an attempt to quantify the advantage that high school accounting gives students entering tertiary business courses. The results indicate that for students entering tertiary courses with similar academic ability, i.e., obtained the same entrance score, the first year tertiary accounting result obtained by a student who studied accounting previously is between one and two grades higher than that of a student who did not study accounting at high school.     

Applicability Of The Conservatism Accounting Convention in China: Empirical Evidence

“Conservatism” is a widely accepted accounting convention in the industrialized world, but it has long been slated and prohibited in China under the orthodox ideological influences. To date, the conservatism convention has not been fully adopted or implemented in Chinese accounting although the Chinese government has made substantial efforts to reform its accounting system to bridge the gaps between the accounting practices in China and other industrialized countries in recent years. This study has, through a wide range questionnaire survey, empirically investigated the applicability of the conservatism accounting convention in China. We found that the survey respondents (consisted of business accountants, management, government officials, bank loan officers, investment analysts and auditors), in general, held no negative attitudes against the conservatism convention under the changing business environment in the country. There is clear evidence that various interested parties of business accounting would support an expanded adoption of “conservatism” in Chinese accounting. The study findings will facilitate a proper assessment of the future development of accounting standards and practices in China.     

Great Galway Goslings: Organizational Context of Managerial Accounting*

This case seeks to enhance student understanding of the relationship between accounting information and the order fulfllment and production activities of a manufacturing frm, Great Galway Goslings. Great Galway Goslings manufactures goose sculptures and has been suffering losses in recent years. Students draw on the skills they learned in financial accounting to analyze the company's order fulfllment activities, identify economic transactions, and prepare journal entries. The case provides a link to managerial accounting topics as students use segment financial statements to create contribution margin income statements, perform break‐even analyses, and recommend whether Great Galway Goslings should keep its retail business segment. Students will become familiar with the key features of business process management (BPM) and the extensive, real‐world activities that a manufacturing entity engages in to fll an order. Students will analyze the company's existing order fulfllment process and apply their knowledge of BPM to recommend process improvements for Great Galway. This case contributes to the accounting case literature by serving as a bridge from financial accounting to managerial accounting, intertwining many topics from managerial accounting into one cohesive case, and providing real‐world business process knowledge. Student feedback indicates that, overall, the case met its stated learning objectives. Great Galway Goslings is appropriate for an undergraduate introductory managerial accounting course but can be adapted to the equivalent graduate‐level course or an accounting information systems course.     

我国政府会计改革取向研究——比较分析的视角

政府会计改革是未来我国财政管理改革的重要内容,西方国家的相关改革探索和实践为我国提供了有益的借鉴和启示。论文对国外政府会计改革的总体情况和主要会计模式进行比较分析,提出我国推行政府会计改革,应更新理念,积极创造政府会计改革的基础条件;循序渐进,审慎推进权责发生制改革;明确政府会计体系范围,建立政府会计概念框架和具体准则体系;改革和充实现有决算报表体系,建立政府财务报告制度。     

A Framework of Best Practice of Continuing Professional Development for the Accounting Profession

Abstract

The International Accounting Education Standards Board (IAESB) places a strong emphasis on individual professionals taking responsibility for their Continuing Professional Development (CPD). On the other hand, the roles performed by professional accountants have evolved out of practical necessity to ‘best’ suit the diverse needs of business in a global economy. This diversity has meant that professional accountants are seen in highly specialised roles requiring diverse skill sets. In order to enhance the contribution of the accountant as a knowledge professional for business, it follows that CPD that leverages off an individual's experience should be designed to meet the needs of professionals across the different specialised roles within the profession. In doing so the project identifies how CPD should differ across roles and levels of organisational responsibility for accounting professionals. The study also makes a number of policy recommendations to IAESB and IFAC.     

城市商业银行经营管理层胜任力与经营绩效的关系

本文构建了中国城市商业银行经营战略、企业文化与经营管理层胜任力与经营绩效的结构模型,运用探索性因素分析法和验证性因素分析法进行实证研究.结果表明,城市商业银行经营管理层胜任力模型包括内在素质、管理技能、关系管理三维结构;在中国城市商业银行,经营管理层管理技能胜任力对经营战略与财务绩效间的关系起到完全中介作用,经营管理层...     

Accounting System Reform in Japanese Local Governments

The New Public Management (NPM), of which the change from cash accounting to accrual accounting is considered an important tool, has been in fashion in many developed countries. Japanese governments, however, have preserved control of expenditures on a cash basis, though recently financial management reforms in local government have begun to adopt NPM ideas. Using a contingency framework which views the reform of accounting sub-systems (management accounting, financial accounting and auditing) as stimulated by a combination of internal and external pressures, this paper explores why Japanese local governments managed to survive without accrual accounting and the prospects for further reform in the future. It is suggested that system change itself can be accomplished by internal pressures, in the form of mandated policies, alone but that sustained external pressures by citizens are required in order to achieve the intended outcomes of accounting reform.     

Knowledge base and skill development in accounting education: Evidence from China

This paper presents the result of a survey on the required knowledge, skills, and pedagogy for accounting education as perceived by accounting practitioners, educators, and students in China. Respondents generally agreed to a series of knowledge and skills that are important to the training of accounting students, although some variance exists among the respondent groups regarding the perceived importance of those knowledge and skills. The findings also reveal that the respondents were dissatisfied with the present delivery of the needed knowledge and skills. Thus it is contended that accounting education reform in China is not only necessary, but imperative. This study also makes a comparative analysis with similar studies in the US, in terms of commonalities and differences in respondents’ perceptions between the varied economic, technological and cultural environments in China and the US.     

商业银行机构扁平化管理改革案例研究--以工商银行山东省莱芜市分行为例

以分支机构整合为切入点,从市场拓展、业务管理、服务监督等三个方面推进机构扁平化管理改革,是商业银行适应经营环境和客户需求变化,提升管理效能和竞争合力的重要举措。工商银行山东省莱芜市分行于2001年开始进行了机构和业务扁平化管理改革试点,在调整支行职能、优化网点布局、革新组织架构、构建一体化核算和管理会计体系、重塑服务监督机制等方面进行了系统的探索。试点取得了良好的成效,也暴露了网点管理机制尚未理顺,部室及员工绩效考核、激励办法不够完善,人才不足,教育培训需求远未满足等一系列突出的问题。本文围绕该行机构扁平化管理改革试点案例,对该行试点措施、成效及问题进行了详细的分析,并进一步探讨了下一步改革的思路,旨在为商业银行机构管理体制改革提供一份案例参考。     

Responsibility cost control system in China: a case of management accounting application

This paper introduces the responsibility cost control system installed at Han Dan Iron and Steel Company in the People’s Republic of China. The Company has adopted a series of management accounting techniques or procedures in its cost control system, including target costing, responsibility accounting, standard costing, flexible budgeting, internal transfer pricing, behavior motivation, performance evaluation, variance analysis, and so on. In particular, the system has integrated responsibility accounting and cost control by introducing market mechanisms to substantially reduce production costs and raise profitability. The successful experiment reveals that the responsibility cost control system is an effective tool for cost control under the changing Chinese business environment. The Han Dan experience demonstrates that management accounting can play a positive role in improving business management and profitability in China or other developing countries. In addition, this study casts light on effective diffusion of management accounting practices under different social and economic systems.     

Electronic commerce education: Analysis of existing courses

E-commerce is reshaping business practices and education, yet many have expressed concern over the e-commerce education and training provided to students. This study examines the extent to which business schools, particularly accounting programs, are integrating e-commerce education into their curricula. An analysis of 79 syllabi provides evidence regarding: (1) the scope and nature of e-commerce education; (2) educational approaches to e-commerce; (3) e-commerce topics that could be taught as part of e-commerce education; (4) methods of coverage of e-commerce education; and (5) methods and reference materials for teaching an e-commerce course. This study initiates a general dialogue on the nature, content, objectives, and delivery of e-commerce education. An exploratory review and content analysis of a sample of 79 syllabi, representing different sizes of universities worldwide, reveals that business schools and accounting programs offer e-commerce courses emphasizing a broad range of skills, objectives, perspectives, teaching methods, and cognitive content. However, many common themes, topics, and assignments have emerged. The e-commerce education issues addressed in this study should help business schools and accounting programs prepare students for the challenges awaiting them in the area of emerging technological advances.