从大比例赎回反思我国开放式基金的营销模式

目前我国开放式基金净赎回现象比较突出,流动性风险凸显,已危及到基金业的健康发展.因此,重新思考基金的营销模式,避免大比例赎回,就成为业界普遍关心的问题.本文致力于从营销角度对国内开放式基金的净赎回现象进行分析,并为基金管理人控制赎回规模、减少流动性风险提供了切实可行的对策建议.     

中国开放式基金赎回行为及其风险防范研究

我国开放式基金自2001年成立起就一直保持着快速迅猛的发展趋势。但-9此同时,开放式基金也在不断遭受着“赎回异象”的困扰,即业绩表现差的基金遭受投资者的追捧,业绩表现好的基金反而遭受更多的赎回。本文通过合并数据方法和Fama—Macbeth方法对我国开放式基金赎回问题进行实证分析,检验我国开放式基金赎回的影响因素,并利用倒向随机微分方程推导基金管理公司期初现金预留比例以防范赎回导致的流动性风险。     

我国开放式基金流动性风险研究

开放式基金由于其在设立时是可以自由申购和赎回的,所以开放式基金的管理人在进行投资过程中,而流动性风险一直是开放式基金所要面临的最主要的风险。本文主要分析影响我国开放式基金的一些因素,并对基金管理公司制定政策预防流动性风险提出相应的政策建议。     

论我国开放式基金赎回风险的成因及其防范

自从我国第一只开放式基金发行以来,开放式基金的发展一直受到赎回的严重制约,本文对影响开放式基金赎回行为的因素进行全面深入的分析,为基金管理人控制赎回规模,减少流动性风险,稳定证券市场提供相关规避对策.     

开放式基金流动性风险控制的分析——简议强化基金内部流动性风险的预算管理

随着中国对外开放的程度不断加深,证券市场面临对外开放的考验也更加严峻,在开放条件下,急需有效的市场机制来化解和防范可能出现的金融风险和金融危机。现代市场经济中的证券市场具有自我调节、自我控制风险、提高收益的机制。发展开放式基金,能够提供必要的机制来稳定市场,分散和降低市场风险,然而开放式基金自身也存在不少风险,最主要的是流动性风险。本文介绍了开放式金流动性风险的定义即指金融资产迅速变为货币而又不会在价值上蒙受损失的能力。阐述了开放式基金流动性风险的形成机理以及我国开放式基金管理的特殊性,这主要因为我国与海外成熟的开放式基金相比,尚处于发展阶段,所以可供交易的品种少、缺乏做空交易和规避风险的工具、资金来源分散而造成的,从理论上提出了中国开放式基金流动性风险的管理方法。分析了强化基金内部流动性风险的预算管理。分为预测赎回申请的现金的需求、分析基金持有人的清单及证券选择。给出了对赎回现金需求进行预测的常用历史模拟法模型。     

开放式基金流动性风险对金融稳定的影响

流动性风险对金融机构以及金融体系的冲击在此次美国次贷危机中充分显现。对于我国而言，类似的流动性风险集中体现在开放式基金领域。一旦投资者预期发生变化，基金的大面积赎回可能导致开放式基金的流动性风险，并引发“基金赎回—股价下跌—赎回放大－股价进一步下跌”的恶性循环，从而影响金融稳定。因此应做好应对准备，以维护股票市场的平稳健康发展。     

注册会计师应关注开放式基金的信誉审计

随着华安创新基金和南方稳健基金等开放式基金的登场，我国的注册会计师行业又面临新的机遇和挑战。由于开放式基金规模庞大、资金雄厚、专业审计需求稳定，注册会计师获得了新的机遇；同时由于开放式基金的经营模式与众不同，经营风险有其独特之处，又给注册会计师的审计业务带来新的挑战。一、信誉风险是开放式基金的最大经营风险审计风险主要源于经营风险。开放式基金的经营风险与其赎回机制紧密相关，赎回机制是开放式基金区别于封闭式基金的一个显著特点。为了应付赎回，开放式基金就会面临一定的资产变现的压力，因而对资产的流动性要…     

浅议开放式基金流动性风险

开放式基金的流动性风险及其管理问题成为了基金管理公司所而临的核心问题,文章就我国开放式基金流动性风险的形成及影响因素进行了分析,同时,提出流动性风险防范及流动性风险管理机制。     

开放式基金流动性风险及其管理

自从我国开放式基金成立以来,基金份额的持续性大规模赎回就是基金管理人所面临的一个严峻问题。开放式基金在遭遇大规模赎回时,如果现金不足,就只有被迫将资产变现以应付赎回,在此过程中不可避免的要承受流动性损失,由此也会造成市场的波动。基金份额的巨额赎回会给开放式基金带来严重的流动性风险,甚至可能导致基金清盘,它已成为了阻碍我国开放式基金健康发展的一个不可忽视的因素。一、开放式基金流动性风险的内涵流动性是指金融资产持有者按该资产的价值或接近其价值出售的容易程度。对于开放式基金而言,流动性就是指基金管理人在面对赎回压力时,将其所持有的资产——投资组合在市场中变现的能力。或者说开放式基金流动性风险也就是指其所持资产在变现过程中价格的不确定性和可能遭受的损失。因此,开放式基金流动性风险与它所持有的资产——投资组合的流动性之间存在着显著的正相关。赎回风险特指当基金面临投资者大额赎回时,无法及时将资产变现可能带来的资产和声誉损失。流动性风险除赎回风险外,还包括基金资产在交易中存在的无法变现风险,如股票跌停板等等。一般而言,流动性风险的大小取决于两方面因素,从资金的供给角度看,取决于股票市场和货币市场;从资金需求的角度看,则要看...     

我国开放式基金流动性风险管理探析

我国开放式基金面临的风险有其特殊性,因此我国对开放式基金流动性风险防范与管理措施应有别于其他发达国家。基金管理人应加强自身流动性管理、内部流动性的预算管理和强化资产合理配置。     

The liquidity risk of liquid hedge funds

This paper evaluates hedge funds that grant favorable redemption terms to investors. Within this group of purportedly liquid funds, high net inflow funds subsequently outperform low net inflow funds by 4.79% per year after adjusting for risk. The return impact of fund flows is stronger when funds embrace liquidity risk, when market liquidity is low, and when funding liquidity, as measured by the Treasury-Eurodollar spread, aggregate hedge fund flows, and prime broker stock returns, is tight. In keeping with an agency explanation, funds with strong incentives to raise capital, low manager option deltas, and no manager capital co-invested are more likely to take on excessive liquidity risk. These results resonate with the theory of funding liquidity by Brunnermeier and Pedersen (2009).     

Safe but fragile: Information acquisition,liquidity support and redemption runs

This paper proposes a theory of redemption runs based on strategic information acquisition by fund managers. We argue that liquidity lines provided by third parties can be a source of financial fragility, as they incentivize fund managers to acquire private information about the value of their assets. This strategic information acquisition can lead to inefficient market liquidity dry-ups caused by self-fulfilling fears of adverse selection. By lowering asset prices, information acquisition also reduces the value of funds’ assets-under-management and may spur inefficient redemption runs by investors. Two different regimes can arise: one in which funds’ information acquisition incentives are unaffected by the volume of redemptions, and another where market and funding liquidity risk mutually reinforce each other.     

社保基金境外投资风险及其防范

随着《全国社保基金境外投资管理暂行办法》的即将出台,社保基金将要进行海外投资。社保基金海外投资将遇到信息披露和交易成本问题、市场流动性风险、国家风险和税收等问题,为了防范风险必须要加强对社保基金境外投资的风险管理。     

Liquidity risk and the cross-section of hedge-fund returns

This paper demonstrates that liquidity risk as measured by the covariation of fund returns with unexpected changes in aggregate liquidity is an important determinant in the cross-section of hedge-fund returns. The results show that funds that significantly load on liquidity risk subsequently outperform low-loading funds by about 6% annually, on average, over the period 1994–2008, while negative performance is observed during liquidity crises. The returns are independent of the liquidity a fund provides to its investors as measured by lockup and redemption notice periods, and they are also robust to commonly used hedge-fund factors, none of which carries a significant premium during the sample period. These findings highlight the importance of understanding systematic liquidity variations in the evaluation of hedge-fund performance.     

Daily mutual fund flows and redemption policies

We examine how redemption policies affect daily fund flows in open-end mutual funds. Since short-term trading of fund shares, as manifested in daily fund flows, can have an adverse impact on returns to the fund’s shareholders, mutual funds might find it desirable to discourage short-term trading through the use of redemption fees. However, if daily fund flows are due to fund shareholders’ legitimate liquidity demands, the redemption fee would have little effect on daily fund flows and possibly adversely affect fund shareholders by imposing a liquidity cost on them. We find that the likelihood of a fund charging a redemption fee is largely a function of its overall fee structure. We also use a sample of funds that imposed redemption fees to examine whether the distribution of daily fund flows changes after the initiation of the redemption fee. We find that the redemption fee is an effective tool in controlling the volatility of fund flows.     

国库资金变化对银行体系流动性影响的实证研究——以广西为视角

造成当前我国银行体系流动性过剩的因素很多,本文以广西为实证,从研究国库资金的运行规律出发,分析国库资金影响银行流动性的机制以及对中央银行货币政策效应的影响,最后提出财政政策和货币政策应协调搭配以缓解我国流动性的问题。     

Do Alternative Real Estate Investment Vehicles Add Value to REITs? Evidence from German Open-ended Property Funds

Besides the more commonly used REITs, German investors can also invest in a lesser-known real estate vehicle, Open-ended Property Funds. OPFs are considered a compromise between listed and direct real estate investments. OPF fund managers generally provide daily (perfect) liquidity. However, if liquidity falls below 5%, share redemptions in these funds can be temporarily suspended for a period of up to two years. During this time, investors will only be able to sell shares on the secondary market (exchange), and are thus subject to significant liquidity risk. The objective of this paper is to analyze whether OPFs add value to investor portfolios above that provided by REITs. We show that OPFs have a diversification advantage over REITs in low-risk portfolios, despite their larger potential liquidity risk. REIT liquidity is comparable to that of ordinary common stock, but OPFs exhibit an average initial discount to funds’ NAV of about 6% when share redemptions are temporarily suspended. However, in the long-run, this potential redemption suspension does not negatively influence OPF performance (in case OPFs reopen again). This makes OPFs an attractive investment alternative to REITs for investors who have a high level of risk aversion and a long-term investment horizon, such as endowments, insurance companies, and pension funds.     

对冲基金及其监管问题研究

近年来,随着金融市场的加速创新和结构性调整,对冲基金的规模也迅速扩张,成为国际金融市场的重要参与者。与传统的资产管理、共同基金相比,对冲基金在投资策略、组织形式等方面具有自己的特点。对冲基金日益扩大的资产规模和自由灵活的投资策略增加了金融市场的流动性、提高了市场效率,但同时也给金融体系带来了新的不稳定因素。2006年以来,对冲基金对金融稳定的影响日益成为全球金融监管者关注的问题。有些国家主张通过间接监管的方式,有些则一直推动加强对对冲基金的直接监管。如何加强对对冲基金的监管,减少对冲基金对金融体系稳定性的负面影响,仍然是全球金融业面临的一项挑战。     

金融稳定视角下的对冲基金监管框架研究

进入新世纪以来,在低利率环境下对冲基金规模、市场影响和行业特征发生了一系列重要变化。从金融稳定视角看,对冲基金既可以基于不受直接监管的特点,向市场注入流动性,充当系统性风险"缓释器",也可以因高杠杆、隐蔽的操作直接或间接触发市场危机。为趋利避害,在构建对冲基金监管框架时,应遵循如下原则,一是避免直接限制对冲基金投资活动和风险管理细节,防止对其像共同基金或银行那样实施监管;二是在把握对冲基金市场影响传导机制的基础上控制监督关键变量,提高预警能力;三是在多元治理视角下,努力引导加强市场纪律。     

HEDGE FUND SURVIVAL: NON-NORMAL RETURNS, CAPITAL OUTFLOWS, AND LIQUIDITY

We analyze the factors that influence the survival probability of hedge funds reported in the Lipper TASS database. Particular emphasis is placed on (1) non-normality of returns and assets under management (AUM), (2) short-term capital outflows, and (3) liquidity constraints associated with a hedge fund's cancellation policy. Estimation results using the Cox proportional hazards model and the panel logit model show that (1) funds with lower skewness in returns and AUM, (2) funds experiencing instantaneous rapid capital outflows, and (3) funds with a shorter redemption notice period and a higher redemption frequency have significantly higher liquidation probabilities, among others.