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1.
人力资本具有与其载体不可分割性;其产权的残缺可使其经济利用价值骤减或消失;其具有能动性和内部效应和外部效应.人力资本天然和有了人力资本场特性;个人利益最大化是个人成为人力资本投资主体的理由.个人成为人力资本投资主体的动机是:个人预期收益驱动;个人自我实现的需要;竞争的压力;知识经济发展的客观要求.影响进行人力资本投资因素有:投资个人的意向;个人可支配物力与财力的数量;信息的获取能力;信息不完全性.  相似文献   

2.
文章试图建立人力资本代际传递与经济增长之间交互影响的理论框架,解释中国特殊的“传承怪圈”,认识人力资本代际传递(限定为学校教育投资、健康资本投资)、技术进步与经济增长之间的交互关系.资本市场的非完美性和不可分割性导致人力资本融资困难,从而阻碍低技能家庭提高技能.假设个人收入遵循非线性马尔科夫链(Markov chain),引起人力资本投资活动与经济增长的内生波动.个人技能的提高对技术进步产生正向影响,而技术进步本身一方面提高经济主体的生活成本,另一方面要求经济主体具有更高技能,要想提高个人技能必然要求追加人力资本投资,从而提高人力资本投资成本.文章通过建立个人劳动生产率及社会劳动生产率增长、人力资本投资成本和收入分布相互影响的模型,来解释人力资本代际传递与经济增长之间的非线性关系.  相似文献   

3.
人力资本是一种稀缺的生产要素,是第一资源和经济发展的关键因素.本文首先对人力资本投资及其形式进行概述,并提出了人力资本投资在经济增长中的作用,然后对我国的人力资本存量及人力资本投资现状进行了分析,在此基础上,对我国如何加大人力资本投资以提高人力资本存量从而促进经济的增长提出了政策建议.  相似文献   

4.
人类正逐步进入知识经济时代,人力资本将成为经济发展的第一要素.人力资本具有投资主体投资收益的广泛性、投资收益的时效性和长期性.投资效益的几方面性的特点.在我国,政府是人力资本的投资主体投资企业是投资主力,个人投资的方向指示天象基础教育,人力资源流动性较差.对此,应建立和健全人力资本市场;建立和完善人力资本投资市场;拓宽人力资本资金的投资渠道,建立多元化的投资格局.  相似文献   

5.
崔宏欣  牛爱玲 《理财》2003,(8):38-38
知识经济时代,企业投资战略将做出重大调整,大批高素质人才所具备的知识和能力将成为企业从事生产经营活动的基础,智力资本投资管理日益重要。许多国家把人力资本理论作为经济发展的理论基础,增加教育投资力度,大力发展教育事业。在这样的热潮中,我们应该理性看待人力资本投资,任何投资都具有风险性,在看重其效益的同时,也不容忽视人力资本投资的风险。一、人力资本投资目的及产权特征1.人力资本投资目的是多元性驱动。人力资本是指个人拥有的知识和能力,从个人角度看,人力资本投资以实现自身价值而不仅仅是经济效益为目标,投资的主要动力是…  相似文献   

6.
钱德利  王国栋 《中国外资》2009,(22):224-225
人力资本是一种稀缺的生产要素,是第一资源和经济发展的关键因素。本文首先对人力资本投资及其形式进行概述,并提出了人力资本投资在经济增长中的作用,然后对我国的人力资本存量及人力资本投资现状进行了分析,在此基础上,对我国如何加大人力资本投资以提高人力资本存量从而促进经济的增长提出了政策建议。  相似文献   

7.
人力资本产权是人力资本有效发挥的根本保障。在现阶段,国家、企业都在努力保障人力资本产权的实现,使在以人力资本为基准的财富分配体系内,更加公平,但由于个人人力资本投资的差异造成了事实上的不公平,为有效解决个人人力资本的投资问题,国家需要加强信用体系建设。  相似文献   

8.
对河北省扶贫开发政策传导渠道的考察不仅有利于更好地解决扶贫"灯下黑"、探讨相对贫困时代背景下河北省的贫困治理长效渠道构建等问题,而且对保障京津冀协同发展战略的顺利实施具有重大的理论和现实意义.基于此,以河北省贫困县为研究对象,利用双重差分等准自然实验方法对其政策效果及其减贫渠道进行实证检验.研究发现:河北省扶贫政策效果明显,产业结构优化、人力资本投入增加、固定资产投入增加、个人信贷规模扩大等是河北省扶贫政策发挥效果的重要传导渠道,这一研究发现为更好地发挥扶贫政策效果提供了来自减贫渠道视角的重要经验.基于已脱贫贫困县数据发现,人力资本投入增加和个人信贷规模扩大能够持续为河北县域经济发展提供重要驱动,而固定资产投入进一步增大反而会阻碍其持续发展.这一研究结论为河北省相对贫困时代背景下的贫困治理长效渠道构建提供了重要参考.  相似文献   

9.
新经济增长理论与中国经济增长   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
新经济增长理论是在新古典经济增长理论缺陷的基础上产生的,它将知识和技术内生化,把知识、技术和人力资本引人经济增长模型,来说明经济实现长期持续增长的关键问题是技术进步和人力资本投资,因此,保护知识产权、投资教育、提高研究开发的人力资本存量等的政策含义,无疑会对当前中国经济如何实现长期持续增长具有理论和现实意义.  相似文献   

10.
人力资本是一种体现在劳动者身上、以劳动者的质量和数量来表示的资本,教育投入的状况直接影响人力资本的水平、质量和规模。河南省教育投资的现状存在人力资本的教育投资比重偏低、教育投资结构不合理等问题,应采取依法增加政府对教育的投入;适度加大居民个人和企业进行人力资本投资的力度;优化教育投资结构,提高人力资本的投资效率;改善省内人才培育环境,吸引人才"回流"等措施,以实现河南省人力资本的可持续发展。  相似文献   

11.

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.  相似文献   

12.

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.  相似文献   

13.
The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.  相似文献   

14.
After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.  相似文献   

15.
This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.  相似文献   

16.
Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.  相似文献   

17.
正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original  相似文献   

18.

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.  相似文献   

19.
China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...  相似文献   

20.
The trading station or factory maintained by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was Japan's sole window on the Western world during most of the Tokugawa period (1600-1868). While many aspects of the factory's role in Dutch/Japanese cultural exchange have been researched little is known in the West of the accounting at the factory. This paper considers the possibility that double-entry bookkeeping employed by the Dutch may have been diffused to the Japanese. The available evidence is synthesized after considering the accounting system in the Dutch factory.  相似文献   

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