证券市场中投资者行为的动态博弈分析

由于市场参与人情绪的突然转移可以干扰资产价格，利用进化博弈理论，对证券市场中参与人的行为进行了分析，并根据模仿者动态模型构造了一个金融市场中相互作用的噪声交易者和理性交易者之间的两状态Markov链，模拟了市场上理性交易者与噪声交易者的动态转换过程，这也是股价能否如实反映股票的基本价值、是否产生股价波动的一个重要因素。     

证券市场中的进货博弈理论

由于市场参与人情绪的突然转移可以干扰资产价格,本文利用进化博弈理论对证券市场中参与人的行为进行了分析,并根据模仿者动态模型构造了一个金融市场中相互作用的噪声交易者和基本交易者之间的两状态Markov链,模拟了市场上理性交易者与噪声交易者的动态转换过程,这也是股价能否如实反映股票的基本价值、是否产生股价波动的一个重要因素.     

证券市场中的进化博弈理论

由于市场参与人情绪的突然转移可以干扰资产价格,本文利用进化博弈理论对证券市场中参与人的行为进行了分析,并根据模仿者动态模型构造了一个金融市场中相互作用的噪声交易者和基本交易者之间的两状态Markov链,模拟了市场上理性交易者与噪声交易者的动态转换过程,这也是股价能否如实反映股票的基本价值、是否产生股价波动的一个重要因素。     

证券市场中的进货博弈理论

由于市场参与人情绪的突然转移可以干扰资产价格,本文利用进化博弈理论对证券市场中参与人的行为进行了分析,并根据模仿者动态模型构造了一个金融市场中相互作用的噪声交易者和基本交易者之间的两状态Markov链,模拟了市场上理性交易者与噪声交易者的动态转换过程,这也是股价能否如实反映股票的基本价值、是否产生股价波动的一个重要因素.     

论金融市场的相对有效性

金融市场上各种异常现象的累积以及行为金融学的发展,引发了关于市场有效性问题的争论。本文基于噪声理论对投资者的分类,应用博弈矩阵模型对投资者的投资行为进行分析,认为理性交易者与噪声交易者可以相互转化,理性是相对的;正是由于投资者之间的理性博弈,导致市场在相对有效与相对无效之间上下波动,表现出市场的相对有效性。     

关于理性交易者与噪声交易者划分的进一步探讨

本文从信息与噪声、套利者的交易策略、赚钱的噪声交易者、股票的基本价值等多个方面讨论了交易者类型，认为把金融市场上的交易者划分为理性交易者与噪声交易者是不妥当的，缺乏理论和事实依据。     

噪声交易与证券布场

由于噪声交易者通常是非知情交易者，他们的首要目的是实现手持证券的流动性，这在一定程度上提高了市场交易的活跃程度。但其对市场有效性的作用有限，过多的噪声交易对市场有效性产生负面影响。噪声交易是一把双刃剑，我国证券市场要谨慎对待，发挥其积极作用，减少其不利影响。     

噪声交易者生存机制研究——基于理性交易者和噪声交易者生存模型的分析

本文从行为金融理论发展的大背景和我国证券市场的实际出发,以噪声交易者生存机制为研究主题。首先介绍了行为金融理论的噪声交易理论;接着结合我国证券市场的实际情况,提出了“理性交易者和噪声交易者模型”,对我国噪声交易者的生存机制进行深入的剖析。然后用平面和立体图形解析优先噪声交易者获利机制和生存的持续性。结果表明跟进噪声交易者给优先噪声交易者带来信息优势和高预期收益的同时,也扩大了整个市场的价格波动程度,需加强市场监管,培育有影响力的理性交易投资群体。     

行为金融学与证券市场中的噪声交易理论综述

在标准金融理论中,噪声交易不会对证券价格产生影响,但是近年来我国证券市场中的各种异象和投资者的非理性表现均证实非理性交易者行为可对证券市场产生影响,因此以投资者有限理性为前提的噪声交易理论被引入到对我国金融市场的研究中来。本文首先回顾了行为金融学的兴起和发展,其次综述了行为金融学范畴热门理论--噪声交易理论,最后对行为金融学与噪声交易理论的发展前景作出了展望。     

行为金融学与证券市场中的噪声交易理论综述

在标准金融理论中,噪声交易不会对证券价格产生影响,但是近年来我国证券市场中的各种异象和投资者的非理性表现均证实非理性交易者行为可对证券市场产生影响,因此以投资者有限理性为前提的噪声交易理论被引入到对我国金融市场的研究中来。本文首先回顾了行为金融学的兴起和发展,其次综述了行为金融学范畴热门理论--噪声交易理论,最后对行为金融学与噪声交易理论的发展前景作出了展望。     

High-frequency trading and institutional trading costs

Using data on Canadian bond futures, we examine how high-frequency traders (HFTs) interact with institutions building large positions. In contrast to recent findings, we find HFTs in the data act as small-sized liquidity suppliers, and we reject the hypothesis that they engage in back running, a predatory trading strategy. Using a quasi-experiment in November 2011, in which a number of HFTs started trading the bond future, we run a difference-in-differences event study and find more competition among HFTs improves implementation shortfall, effective spreads, and short-term price impacts for institutional trading in Canadian bond futures.     

Insider trading and risk aversion

This paper is a continuous time version of Holden and Subrahmanyam (Economics Letters 44 (1994) 181). The paper extends Kyle (Econometrica 53 (1985) 1315) by introducing risk aversion on the side of the monopolist informed trader and allows for the liquidity traders instantaneous demand to depend on cost of trading, as well as on the risk of the stock. The main result of the paper is that, in equilibrium, the price pressure decreases with time regardless of the elasticity of the liquidity demand function.     

2012年上半年货币市场运行概况与特点

2012年上半年,人民银行通过多种手段调节市场流动性,货币市场反应灵敏,主要特点表现为：交易规模快速增长,利率总体低水平运行,交易期限结构仍以短期为主,交易主体以银行类机构为主,融资格局总体稳定但存在阶段性变化,各类机构交易利差有序分布,非银行类市场主体交易更加活跃。     

国外高频交易的发展现状及启示

证券市场上的高频交易模式大体上分为四类:订单拆分策略、做市交易策略、定量化交易策略和其他策略。研究发现:(1)高频交易降低了买卖价差,提高了市场流动性,而并没有增加市场波动率,甚至反而可能降低了市场波动率;(2)没有发现高频交易者存在系统性抢单行为(并不排除有特定高频交易者存在此类行为);(3)学术研究认为高频交易有导致市场风险的可能性,但是事件调查大多认为高频交易不是引发市场风险的罪魁祸首。本文认为,对高频交易的监管应该注重抓住重点区别对待,以维护公平、透明、高效的市场秩序。     

Knowing me, knowing you: : Trader anonymity and informed trading in parallel markets

In this paper we empirically analyze whether the degree of trader anonymity is related to the probability of information-based trading. We use data from the German stock market where non-anonymous traditional floor based exchanges co-exist with an anonymous computerized trading system. We use an extended version of the Easley et al. (J. Finance 51 (1996) 1405) model that allows for simultaneous estimation for two parallel markets. We find that the probability of informed trading is significantly lower in the floor based trading system. We further document that the size of the spread and the adverse selection component are positively related to the estimated probabilities of information-based trading.     

Front-Running by Mutual Fund Managers: A Mixed Bag

This paper evaluates the welfare implications of front-runningby mutual fund managers. It extends the model of Kyle (1985)to a situation in which the insider with fundamentals-informationcompetes against an insider with trade-information and in whichnoise trading is endogenized. Noise traders are small investorstrading through mutual funds to hedge non-tradable or illiquidassets. The insider with trade-information is one of the fundmanagers. We find that her front-running activity reduces theliquidity costs of her customers, but it also reduces theirhedging benefits. As a result, the customers of the front-runningmanager may be worse off and place smaller orders. The oppositeis true, however, for those investors who are not subject tofront-running. In aggregate, front-running has either no orpositive consequences for welfare. JEL Classification. G14,G23.     

Dispersion trading: Empirical evidence from U.S. options markets

This paper develops empirical evidence on the viability of a form of volatility trading known as “dispersion trading.” The results shed light on the efficiency with which U.S. options markets price volatility.Using end-of-day implied volatilities extracted from equity option prices for the stocks that comprise the S&P 500, the implied volatility of the S&P 500 is computed using a modification of the Markowitz variance equation. This Markowitz-implied volatility is then compared to the implied volatility of the S&P 500 extracted directly from index options on the S&P 500. These contemporaneous measures of implied volatility are then examined for exploitable discrepancies both with and without transaction costs. The study covers the period October 31, 2005 through November 1, 2007.It is shown that, from a trader's perspective, index option implied volatility tended to be more often “rich” and component volatilities tended to be more often “cheap.” Nevertheless, there were times when the opposite was true; suggesting that potential dispersion trades can run in either direction.     

Trade Size Preference of Informed Traders in Indian Equity Markets

This study utilized high frequency transactions data to analyze the trade size preference of informed traders in Indian equity markets. It is observed that informed traders at an aggregate level adopt stealth trading strategy, wherein they prefer medium sized trades over large sized trades in order to camouflage their private information. However, the stealth trading behavior varies across stocks, wherein informed traders prefer more large sized trades on firms that are part of an index compared to non-index firms. Trading behavior also varies across other market conditions. It has been noted that informed traders prefer large sized trades during periods of high market thickness, negative returns, and low volatility. This study also provides a rationale for such varied behavior of informed traders.     

Stock market dynamics with rational liquidity traders

In the Kyle (1985) finite horizon model of stock market dynamics with a trader who holds long-lived information, informed trading intensities rise with time, and the slopes of the equilibrium price schedules fall. This paper shows that this result depends crucially on the irrational liquidity trader assumption. We replace the irrational noise traders with a sequence of rational, risk averse, liquidity traders who receive endowment shocks to their holdings of the risky asset. We demonstrate that unless liquidity traders are sufficiently risk averse, the slope of equilibrium price schedule rises over time, while informed trading intensities fall. In particular, Kyle's result holds only when liquidity traders are so risk averse that they ‘over-rebalance’ their portfolio's holdings of the risky asset, so that their final holdings of the risky asset have the opposite sign of their initial position.     

交易透明度对证券场外交易信息效率的影响

黑池交易系统（Dark Pools）是美国近年发展较快的非公开交易平台, 其信息透明度较低,可提供匿名交易的服务,并由此实现信息的非公开传递。通过扩展后验信念收敛速率的模型来描述不同交易透明度下场外市场的信息显示速率, 发现私人信息与公共信息共存有利于信息更快地显示,因而私人信息渠道与公共信息渠道共存有利于提升信息效率,由此解释了非公开交易平台的价值,也为我国场外市场的分层发展提供可行建议.