Macroeconomic cycles and the stock market’s reaction to monetary policy

This paper examines cyclical variation in the effect of Fed policy on the stock market. We find a much stronger response of stock returns to unexpected changes in the federal funds target rate in recession and in tight credit market conditions. Using firm-level data, we also show that firms that face financial constraints are more affected by monetary shocks in tight credit conditions than the relatively unconstrained firms. Overall, the results are consistent with the credit channel of monetary policy transmission.     

中国的股票价格波动及货币政策反应

本文在阐述中国的股票价格波动情况及成因的基础上，分析中国股票价格的信息功能，并对中国的股票价格与各层次货币供应量进行协整和Granger因果检验。结果表明，从总体上看，中国的股票价格在1995年之后，具备一定的信息功能；股票价格与各层次货币供应量之间存在协整、因果关系。由此，货币当局应对股票价格波动做出反应。文章以前瞻性利率规则为基础，运用IS—PC—AP模型，采用GMM法估计出中国包含股票价格因素的货币政策反应函数。     

股票价格、货币政策和宏观经济波动

本文对包含股票价格在内的新凯恩斯模型的结构方程进行估计,分析了股票价格和货币政策与宏观经济波动之间的关系,认为股票价格与宏观经济波动密切相连,货币政策调整可以平滑经济波动。在此基础上,比较了不同的货币政策规则的宏观调控效果,得到的结论是,将股票价格波动纳入货币政策的调控范围会改善货币政策效果,有助于稳定宏观经济。     

中国货币政策通过资本市场传导到实物经济有效性的实证分析

本文运用时间序列分析的方法,研究在中国人民银行间接调控货币政策的新时期,在中国资本市场规范成长的新阶段,中国货币政策通过中国资本市场传导到中国实物经济的有效性.实证分析表明:中国货币政策能够通过中国资本市场传导到中国实物经济.     

信贷配给对货币政策有效性的影响

商业银行在货币政策传导机制中处于枢纽地位,其信贷配给行为的发生,一方面形成了巨额的超额准备金,另一方面造成了信贷市场的分割,其结果降低了货币政策的有效性.这在我国表现为:一方面,商业银行的信贷配给所形成的"惜贷现象"阻断了货币政策向融资企业的传导;另一方面,民营企业难以成为提高货币政策有效性的主体.从而造成了我国货币政策效果较差的后果.解决此问题的根本方法在于降低商业银行贷款风险,缓解信贷配给.具体措施:一是建立商业银行进行信息搜寻的激励机制,二是建立融资企业的融资担保体系,使商业银行的贷款风险得以转嫁.     

Monetary Policy and Financial Markets

Monetary policy and financial markets are intrinsically linked. Central banks conduct monetary policy by influencing financial market prices. Financial market prices reflect the expectations of market participants about future economic and monetary developments. Monetary policy works primarily through expectations. Transparency and credibility render monetary policy more effective. However, they are no substitutes for action. If a credible central bank uses words with the explicit aim of substituting them for action, it will risk losing credibility. To avoid what has been described as “the dog chasing its tail” problem, central banks must exercise caution in basing their monetary policy decisions on financial market information. The information about expected future developments reflected in market prices must be continuously cross-checked against economic and monetary indicators in what amounts to a “checks and balances” approach to monetary policy.     

Do monetary policy announcements affect stock prices in emerging market countries? The case of Thailand

We examine the effect of monetary policy announcements in Thailand, which is one of emerging market countries in Asia, on stock prices at the firm level. We find that the expected change, rather than the unexpected change, in interest rates affects stock prices. The stock price response to the interest rate announcement is asymmetric. For instance, the relation between interest rate surprises and stock prices is conditional on the direction of the interest rate change. In general, macroeconomic conditions and firm characteristics cannot explain the stock price reaction to the announcement. In addition, stock prices of firms in different industries appear to react heterogeneously to the interest rate announcement.     

货币政策、流动性不足与个股暴跌风险

本文以2004-2012年中国A股上市公司为研究样本,研究货币政策是否影响个股暴跌风险,以及基金和个股流动性不足对货币政策效果的影响。研究结果表明:(1)货币政策紧缩会显著增加个股的暴跌风险;(2)基金流动性不足和个股流动性不足会显著增加紧缩货币政策对股价暴跌风险的影响;(3)其他机构投资者能够缓解紧缩货币政策以及基金流动性不足对股价暴跌风险的影响。本文丰富了股价暴跌风险研究,同时对于货币政策制定及流动性管理有一定的现实意义。     

Pre-holiday effects: International evidence on the decline and reversal of a stock market anomaly

The pre-holiday effect is one of the best known of the calendar effect anomalies. This paper extends prior work by examining whether the effect has declined for the U.S., U.K. and Hong Kong markets. For all three markets, the effect is shown to have declined, but only significantly in the U.S. The result is not surprising given the relative sophistication of the market. What is surprising, however, is the reversal of the pre-holiday effect during the period 1991–1997, with the mean return on pre-holiday days becoming negative, and the subsequent elimination of this effect during 1997–2003.     

Predicting premiums for the market, size, value, and momentum factors

This paper investigates the out-of-sample predictability of monthly market as well as size, value, and momentum premiums. We use a sample from each of the US and the Swiss stock markets between 1989 and 2007. Using the Swiss sample provides an important new perspective as the repeated evaluation of the same (US) data set leads to data mining problems. To avoid data mining in our predictability study, we test both statistical significance and robustness in the two samples. Our key results are as follows. We find no robust indication that the market premium is predictable, which is also true for the momentum and value premiums. It cannot be excluded that the results from the US may be caused by data mining in light of the results from the Swiss sample. However, the size premium seems to be somewhat predictable, due to the credit spread. We theorize that there are three possible reasons for this rare evidence for predictability. First, predictability may have disappeared over the last decade, as academic research made the respective information public. Second, predictability seems, as we demonstrate, not to be robust to the choice of methodology. Third, robustness tests in the Swiss sample reveal that many of the supposedly statistically significant interrelations from the US sample may be attributed to randomness, which, in that case, would be data mining. Therefore, we think that future discussions of predictability should address the issue of data mining by applying robustness tests.

外汇市场压力下中国货币政策效果的实证分析

对中国外汇市场压力(Exchange Market Pressure,EMP)、国内货币供给、利率、经济增长之间的相互关系进行分析表明:为应对外汇占款增加而导致的通货膨胀压力,货币当局的货币政策是紧缩性的。但是,紧缩性的货币政策又会引起EMP增大。因此,紧缩的货币政策对通货膨胀的抑制效果只能是短期性的。此外,货币供给对经济增长有显著影响,利率变化对经济增长及资金流动的信号作用已经比较明显。在美国金融危机的背景下,国内通货膨胀压力的基本消除为解决中国长期以来面临的货币政策困境提供了契机。     

The characteristics and development of the Swiss franc repurchase agreement market

With the reinterpretation of repurchase agreements (repos) by the tax authority and the revision of the national bank law in 1997, allowing the Swiss national bank (SNB) to use repos as monetary policy instrument, the prerequisites for the development of a Swiss franc repo market were given. The development of the repo market in Switzerland only came up in 1999 with the provision of an integrated trading and settlement system provided by SegaInterSettle AG (SIS), Eurex and Swiss Interbank Clearing (SIC) in collaboration with the SNB. The following paper provides an overview of the basic characteristics and structure of the Swiss franc repo market as well as of the development it has undergone since 1999. It also discusses what motives and reasons the banks possess to actively participate in the Swiss franc repo market. The content of the publication is the sole responsibility of the author and does not necessarily reflect the views of Credit Suisse.     

What determines the stock market's reaction to monetary policy statements?

We find that information communicated through monetary policy statements has important business cycle dependent implications for stock prices. For example, during periods of economic expansion, stocks tend to respond negatively to announcements of higher rates ahead. In recessions, however, we find a strong positive reaction of stocks to seemingly similar signals of future monetary tightening. We provide evidence that the state dependence in the stock market's response is explained by information about the expected equity premium and future corporate cash flows contained in monetary policy statements. We also show state dependence in the average stock returns on days of scheduled FOMC meetings and in the impact of monetary policy statements on stock and bond return volatility.     

国际金融风险预警体系构建的实践及对我国的启示

2008年美国次贷危机所引发的全球性金融危机,冲击和考验了各国的经济环境和金融体系,也引发了各国对现有金融风险预警体系的反恩,大多数国家就现行的金融风险预警体系进行了积极的探索和改革。基于这一背景,本文通过对比危机前后主要发达经济体金融风险预警体系的不同,找出我国现有金融风险预警体系存在的缺陷,并结合我国实际提出改进对策,以期不断完善我国的金融风险预警体系。