政府与社会资本合作(PPP)模式中的金融对策研究——基于对甘肃省张掖市民乐县的调查

党的十八届三中全会决定允许社会资本通过特许经营等方式参与基础设施投资,国家陆续出台了一系列政策措施,鼓励在基础设施和公共服务领域大力推广运用政府与社会资本合作(PPP)模式,深化投融资体制改革,充分发挥投资对稳增长、调结构、惠民生的关键作用。为此,通过对县域政府与社会资本合作(PPP)模式中的金融支持进行调查分析,提出金融支持政府与社会资本合作(PPP)模式中应对措施和促进政府与社会资本合作(PPP)模式发展的对策建议。     

雄安新区公租房建设“PFI+REITs”融资模式研究

我国公租房制度自2010年纳入保障房体系以来一直受到融资困难的限制而发展缓慢。通过分析雄安新区公租房的融资环境,构建PFI+REITs融资模式来解决公租房建设前期与后期资金短缺的问题。PFI模式下引入社会资金来解决前期雄安新区财政难以支持公租房建设的问题,雄安新区政府通过对SPV进行支付来节约公租房建设成本同时保证公租房建设的顺利进行;REITs吸纳公众与机构投资者的资金并对SPV的股权与债权进行收购,实现社会资本方前期资金的退出,并为公租房项目后期的正常运行提供资金。公租房PFI+REITs融资模式的构建,显著降低了财政资金还本付息的压力,有效地盘活优质公租房资产,为社会资本提供退出渠道,促进企业轻资产转化转型。     

政府和社会资本合作关系的经济法调整

当前,我国大力支持政府和社会资本合作的发展方式,这种政府和社会资本合作(PPP)模式的运行,使得经济法立法和法理的研究都相对模式的实践来说,显得很滞后,这种现象给PPP模式在我国的发展带来了不好的影响.本文通过合同法、政府和社会资本合作的法规、政策等,分析、探讨政府和社会资本合作关系采购性质及主体、采购的风险以及利益分配等多个环节,对其的社会关系从经济法的角度进行探究、调整.     

关于推广运用政府和社会资本合作模式有关问题的通知

各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市财政厅（局）,新疆生产建设兵团财务局：为贯彻落实党的十八届三中全会关于“允许社会资本通过特许经营等方式参与城市基础设施投资和运营”精神,拓宽城镇化建设融资渠道,促进政府职能加快转变,完善财政投入及管理方式,尽快形成有利于促进政府和社会资本合作模式（Public—Private artnership,PPP）发展的制度体系,现就有关问题通知如下：一、充分认识推广运用政府和社会资本合作模式的重要意义。     

"新常态"下海南省PPP模式的发展研究

PPP模式(Public Private Partnership,即政府与社会资本合作)作为新形势下解决公共产品融资难的一种重要途径,成为缓解政府债务压力和拉动投资的重要出路.本文结合海南实际,探讨利用PPP模式完善海南公共产品融资模式的转型,提升基础设施、新型城镇化、环卫工程一体化等的建设质量和效率的基本策略.     

基于ABS情景的PPP项目价值评估方法分析

PPP(政府和社会资本合作)模式越来越多地应用于基础设施建设领域,并逐渐成为解决融资难的有效方式.ABS作为一个融资工具,为解决基础设施融资难问题提供了很大的帮助.文章对比分析了常用的价值评估方法.     

PPP模式下项目财务管理研究

2014年10月2日国发43号文出台《关于加强地方政府性债务管理的意见》,对地方政府融资平台做出了硬性规定,市级融资平台不能代政府发债及融资。2015年1月1日新实施的《中华人民共和国预算法》也明确规定地方政府债券融资问题。新形势下地方政府应该加快基础设施建设、地方政府融资平台改革、降低财政风险与金融风险,探索新形势下的政府与社会资本合作(PPP)模式成为当前的主要任务。本文结合工作实际和当前热点问题,就地方政府融资改革和PPP模式下企业财务管理问题进行深入研究。     

对PPP融资模式核心——特许经营权转让机制的研究

2014年国务院在《关于加强地方政府性债务管理的意见》(国发43号)中首次提出,要推广使用社会资本合作模式(以下简称PPP),进一步丰富地方政府融资渠道.作为公私合营的模式,特许经营是吸引社会资本参与的关键.本文总结了相关国家PPP融资中特许经营权转让的不足及原因,借鉴国际经验,本文从政府职能定位、风险分担机制等方面提出了加快发展我国PPP融资模式的相关建议.     

国际工程成败之间

合理的风险共担机制和公平的利益分配机制是国际工程项目成败的关键,相关案例值得中国企业学习与借鉴。国际工程项目的融资模式与项目的成败密切相关,这在PPP(即:政府和社会资本合作模式)项目中有极为明显的体现。通过对国际上PPP项目的融资运作模式及相关案例的分析,可以为中国企业提供有益的借鉴。项目融资的顶层设计目前,国际上的PPP项目的融资基本上采取股权+债权的模式。从具体融资工具看。     

契约精神缺失是PPP最大风险

2014年以来PPP(PublicPrivate Partnership,政府和社会资本合作模式)热度直线上升。作为年度收尾大戏,2014年12月4日,国家发改委、财政部两个PPP领域的重要参与部门连发三份关于PPP的重磅文件,再度引爆PPP话题。当日,国家发改委通过官网公布了《关于开展政府和社会资本合作的指导意见》以及《政府和社会资本合作项目通用合同指南(2014版)》,并要求各地     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.