社会网络视角的会计舞弊合谋研究

会计舞弊是个古老但又常说常新的话题。已有文献对会计舞弊的研究,多集中在企业的微观层面,较少从社会网络利益相关者角度进行研究;对会计舞弊合谋问题的研究,也仅限于会计和审计的合谋,而较少关注会计与财务舞弊的合谋。本文利用利益相关者理论和合谋理论,对会计舞弊合谋进行了研究,本文认为:在现代资本市场中,会计舞弊已经上升到与财务和审计共同合谋的阶段;已由组织内合谋发展到组织间合谋;并且显现出与权力舞弊合谋的现象。最后提出了系统防范会计舞弊合谋的建议。     

上市公司的公司治理与会计信息的质量保证

企业是利益相关者缔结的一系列契约的联接（Jensen，Meckling，1976），其相应的公司治理结构是规范各利益相关者利益关系的制度安排，具体是指企业所有者、董事会和高级执行人员之间利益分配和权力制衡关系的制度安排，在形式上表现为界定股东大会、董事会、监事会和经理人职责及其功能的一种企业组织结构。从本质上讲，公司治理结构是关于企业剩余索取权（residual　claimancy）和剩余控制权（residual　rights　of　control）分配的一整套法律、文化和制度的规范．正是这些规范决定了公司的目标和行为，决定了公司在什么状态下由谁来实施控制、如何控制、风险和收益如何分配等一系列重大问题。     

资产评估公司内部治理机制运作中应处理好几个关系

内部治理机制是由股东大会、董事会、监事会和经理层所组成的用来管理和约束经营者行为的一种权利制衡结构,治理的功能是权、责、利的分配,通过各种制度安排、权力配置、机制建构维护公司股东以及其他利益相关者的利益。资产评估公司内部治理机制是对公司进行管理、控制所形成的一整套制度安排,它规定了各个利益相关者的责任和权利分布,目的是协调、调动各个利益阶层的积极性,从而实现公司又好又快科学发展。笔者就资产评估公司内部治理机制运作中应处理好的几个关系谈几点看法。     

乱花浅草CSR

接下来我们将以"实践案例+理论分析"的方式,全方位地探讨关于CSR和CSRR的经纬纵横,共飨其趣。无论是资产侵占舞弊还是财务报告舞弊,都会导致肌体发生病变甚至死亡。一个企业如果不能很好地预防和发现舞弊行为,企业就会面临成本增加、财富减少继而损害雇员、顾客、股东等利益相关者利益的恶性循环,所谓回馈环境、创造公共价值也只能是有心无力的怅惘叹息。但是在复杂的现代商业生     

浅谈公司治理与内部审计

公司治理是确保公司内外利益相关者权力合理分配和有效制衡的一系列制度安排,而内部审计则是捍卫这些制度不可缺少的一种机制和手段。本文着重论述内部审计是现代企业制度下公司治理的必然要求,内部审计在公司治理中的重要地位和对公司治理的促进作用。     

浅谈公司治理与内部审计

公司治理是确保公司内外利益相关者权力合理分配和有效制衡的一系列制度安排,而内部审计则是捍卫这些制度不可缺少的一种机制和手段。本文着重论述内部审计是现代企业制度下公司治理的必然要求,内部审计在公司治理中的重要地位和对公司治理的促进作用。     

企业财务舞弊及其防范措施

财务舞弊,是指主观恶意,客观违背会计法律、法规、制度及会计准则等,通过财务欺诈等手段,给舞弊人带来经济利益,而侵害他人利益的故意行为。它不但损害企业经营原则,而且破坏市场经济规则,甚至会影响宏观经济的正常发展。     

会计舞弊的经济解释

本文运用合约经济学、新制度经济学理论对会计舞弊的产生机制、利益分享和成本分摊机制进行了经济解释 ,以深化对会计舞弊机制性因素的认识 ,为会计舞弊的治理提供逻辑上的支持。文章认为 ,企业是一个契约网络结合体 ,会计行为诚信是契约有效履行的基础 ,而经理人、注册会计师、股东、政府都是与会计舞弊行为发生或制止相关的行为主体 ;会计舞弊的成本巨大、不良后果严重 ;会计舞弊的成因是多方面的 ,其治理必须从多方面入手。     

企业财务舞弊及其防范措施

财务舞弊,是指主观恶意,客观违背会计法律、法规、制度及会计准则等,通过财务欺诈等手段,给舞弊人带来经济利益,而侵害他人利益的故意行为。它不但损害企业经营原则,而且破坏市场经济规则,甚至会影响宏观经济的正常发展。企业财务舞弊手段非常多样,具体表现为欺诈性的财务报告、税务逃避、记录虚假交易事实、伪造变造会计记录、虚假列支、资产的不当处置、收受回扣贿赂,设立小金库等。归纳     

内部控制视角下的财务舞弊防范研究

财务舞弊是影响经济秩序的因素之一,不仅会给广大投资者和债权人造成损失,而且会使投资者和社会公众对会计和资本市场失去信心,造成信任危机.良好的内部控制制度能有效减少舞弊行为的发生,能对财务舞弊起到有效的抑制作用,并减弱财务舞弊的严重后果.因此,完善企业内部控制制度对于防范财务舞弊具有重要意义.     

企业会计机构与董事会或最高管理层关系研究——企业会计内部相对独立性问题

本文在界定企业董事会或最高管理层关系的基础上,分别从会计本质特征、公司治理结构、内部控制实施要求等方面进行相应基本理论分析与考察,提出企业会计内部相对独立性观点。本文的研究对于正确处理企业会计机构与董事会或最高管理层关系、充分发挥会计职能作用、保证会计准则等法规制度贯彻执行、提高会计信息质量、制约会计舞弊等方面有重要的理论与实践意义。     

基于财务报表审计的会计舞弊揭示机制研究

目前企业会计信息失真主要因会计舞弊引起,CPA能否有效揭示重大会计舞弊已经直接影响到CPA行业的生存价值。中注协因此发布了大量的新准则,试图借鉴国外先进的审计技术,将风险导向审计理念引入到我国的审计实践中来,以提高CPA揭示会计舞弊的能力。但CPA不能有效揭示重大会计舞弊主要的不是技术问题,本文在借鉴国外经验的基础上,分析我国CPA不能有效揭示会计舞弊的原因,提出应将CPA审计和政府审计相结合,共同揭示企业会计舞弊。     

The spillover effect of fraudulent financial reporting on peer firms' investments

We investigate how high-profile accounting frauds affect peer firms' investment. We document that peers react to the fraudulent reports by increasing investment during fraud periods. We show that this finding is not driven by frauds that have a higher ex ante likelihood of detection or by an association between fraud and investment booms. In addition, we find that peers’ investments increase in fraudulent earnings overstatements, and in industries with higher investor sentiment, lower cost of capital and higher private benefits of control. We also find evidence consistent with equity analysts potentially facilitating the spillover effect.     

会计信息披露政府监管的经济后果——来自中国证券市场的经验证据

本文选取会计稳健性作为衡量会计信息质量指标,运用股票收益模型和盈余持续性模型来考察深沪证券交易所设立的诚信档案制度对上市公司会计信息质量的改善程度,籍此评价政府有关机构对我国证券市场会计监管措施的效果。研究结果表明:诚信档案制度对我国上市公司的会计信息质量提高具有一定的促进作用,但作用效果并不十分显著。这说明,我国政府部门对证券市场实施的一系列会计监管措施,在一定程度上能够发挥作用,从而达到缓解会计信息失真,完善市场机制的目的。     

An Analysis of Accounting Frauds and the Timing of Analyst Coverage Decisions and Recommendation Revisions: Evidence from the US

This paper provides a comprehensive exploration of the types of accounting fraud committed by firms over the period 1995–2009. Using detailed data from US SEC Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Releases (AAER), we examine the likelihood and timing of analyst coverage decisions and recommendation revisions related to fraud firms versus firms without accounting fraud. We find that analysts have a higher probability of taking the more severe action of dropping coverage rather than only revising down recommendations for firms with any type of accounting fraud and also for specific egregious types of accounting fraud. Through the use of competing hazards models, we also find that accounting frauds and their egregiousness are positively (negatively) associated with the timeliness of the analysts’ action to drop coverage (revise only). Overall, we find that analysts’ actions may be useful in determining the occurrence of accounting fraud prior to the public announcement of the fraud.     

Financial Reporting Practices of China's Listed Firms

The long‐term success of financial markets depends on the widespread availability of reasonably detailed and reliable financial information. Individual investors depend critically upon companies' regulatory filings and voluntary disclosures to assess their long‐run risks, payoffs, and, ultimately, their intrinsic values. However, a recent string of accounting frauds involving Chinese firms listed on overseas markets has drawn attention to the accounting and governance risks associated with investing in Chinese firms. This article provides a brief overview of the information environment of Chinese capital markets and the primary forces that affect the incentives of Chinese listed companies to provide timely and accurate financial reports. The evidence reviewed here indicates that the adoption of world‐class standards and regulation, although necessary, is not sufficient to generate incentives for transparency. The long‐term health of China's capital markets will also depend upon other reforms that are designed to accomplish the following: (1) improve the protection of investor rights through an effective, independent judiciary court system that promotes civil lawsuits, and through credible regulatory enforcement; (2) strengthen market development activity, especially with respect to foreign investors; and (3) limit political rent‐seeking behavior and deter politicized business decisions, especially in China's state‐owned enterprises. Together, such reforms have the potential to improve corporate governance in China and better align the incentives of the state and majority shareholders with those of minority shareholders, while increasing the ability of accounting to serve a contracting function and the demand for timely information for valuation purposes.     

萨班斯法案的实施环境与CEO会计责任的追究——以南方保健公司前CEO法庭审理为例

本文以美国南方保健公司前CEO斯克鲁西的法庭审理为例,从公司高管人员的信息权利和信息优势分析CEO的会计责任,讨论萨班斯法案以及法律对惩治公司会计舞弊的作用、探讨营造良好的法律实施环境的重要性。     

Accounting for power and control: The Anglo-Iranian oil nationalisation of 1951

The paper uses accounting and stock market data to evaluate the power of protagonists in a political crisis and their respective ability to assert control over disputed assets. It employs a case study of the expropriation of the assets of the AIOC by the Iranian government in 1951. An event study and accounting data analysis show that the stock market reaction to the nationalisation strongly predicted the ability of the company to recover its assets implying a significant market value associated with political support. They also show that the company was able to use the publication of its annual report to reassure shareholders and that due to the assumed presence of political support this signal was received as credible.     

The Press as a Watchdog for Accounting Fraud

This paper investigates the press's role as a monitor or “watchdog” for accounting fraud. I find that the press fulfills this role by rebroadcasting information from other information intermediaries (analysts, auditors, and lawsuits) and by undertaking original investigation and analysis. Articles based on original analysis provide new information to the markets while those that rebroadcast allegations from other intermediaries do not. Consistent with a dual role for the press, I find that business‐oriented press is more likely to undertake original analysis while nonbusiness periodicals focus primarily on rebroadcasting. I also investigate the determinates of press coverage, finding systematic biases in the types of firms and frauds for which articles are published. In general, the press covers firms and frauds that will be of interest to a broad set of readers and situations that are lower cost to identify and investigate.     

中注协约谈部分证券资格事务所负责人及注册会计师 提示上市公司年报审计风险

为深入贯彻落实会计师事务所执业质量检查制度改革精神和《上市公司年报审计监管工作规程》要求,中注协在系统总结2010年年报审计监管约谈经验的基础上,通过创新约谈工作思路、健全约谈工作机制、加强约谈工作技术支持力量,进一步加大年报审计事前事中监管力度,有效抵制不正当低价竞争,更好地引导和帮助事务所防范审计风险。2012年,中注协先后约谈了9次(其中,当面约谈6次,书面约谈3次)、共20家证券资格事务所,就部分上市公司2011年年报审计风险进行提示,引起社会各界的高度关注和积极反响。为帮助广大读者深入了解中注协年报审计监管约谈机制和全面把握风险提示内涵,现接上期,继续将有关约谈的情况予以刊发。