资产负债观与收入费用观比较研究:美国的经验与启示

本文对资产负债观与收入费用观理论进行了深入的比较研究,介绍了美国会计准则发展过程中资产负债观与收入费用观取向变迁的经验历程,分析了二者具体内涵和特征的差异,进而提出在我国会计准则建设与完善过程中应当结合我国的会计环境积极向资产负债观靠拢。     

新时期商业银行资产负债管理的策略

资产负债管理是商业银行经营管理的核心内容之一，推行资产负债管理，谋求资产与负债合理配比，实现资产的盈利性，流动性和安全性的协调统一是商业银行加强内部综合管理，完善经营机制，提高整体经营水平的有效途径。     

商业银行资产负债时间匹配的优化模型研究

银行资产负债的合理匹配能够有效地降低银行的流动性风险.本文在已有研究结果的基础上,以贷款利息收益最大为目标函数,以资产负债的时间和数量匹配为约束条件,建立了资产负债匹配优化模型.通过银行资金缺口容忍度控制短期负债与长期资产的错配额度,避免银行因为流动资金不足而导致银行支付危机的发生;通过资产负债组合的数量匹配,满足银行监管和银行经营实际要求.     

中国人民银行资产负债结构的经济学分析

中国人民银行资产负债表反映了我国的货币政策操作,与发达国家中央银行高政府债权比例和高通货比例的情形完全相反,高外汇资产比例与低通货比例是它的突出特征。从货币政策作用于宏观经济的收益成本来看,人行资产负债结构的变迁具有合理性。但是,货币发行以"外汇资产——人民币"为主的模式降低了人民币的信用价值。不合理的资产负债结构揭示了我国金融运行中的潜藏风险。文章提出了改善人民银行资产负债结构的有益思路。     

SAC 4 And The Challenge To The Mandatory Status Of Concepts Statements

This paper expresses no doubt about the worth of concepts statements such as Statement of Accounting Concepts SAC 4 Definition and Recognition of the Elements of Financial Statements, which spells out the essential characteristics of assets, liabilities, equity, revenues and expenses along with broad criteria for their recognition in financial statements. However, the authors have reservations about giving mandatory status to such a statement. It is, after all, but one piece of a conceptual framework and as the other pieces take shape they may call for alterations in the interpretation and operation of the elements. Without the benefit of the light which might be cast by reference to other concepts statements, SAC 4 in isolation could lead to undebated and questionable consequences, as well as supplying equivocal guidance on many important issues. This paper examines the reasons for unrest about the mandatory status of concepts statements.     

税收优先权质疑

《中华人民共和国税收征收管理法》明确规定,税收优先于一般债权。然而,如果将税收法律关系置于债的关系中去研究就会发现,无论从理论基础、法律依据还是实际操作等方面,都很难得出税收应当优先于一般债权的结论。     

Relationship Banking, Fragility, and the Asset-Liability Matching Problem

We address a fundamental question in relationship banking: whydo banks that make relationship loans finance themselves primarilywith core deposits and when would it be optimal to finance suchloans with purchased money? We show that not only are relationshiploans informationally opaque and illiquid, but they also requirethe relationship between the bank and the borrower to endurein order for the bank to add value. However, the informationalopacity of relationship loans gives rise to endogenous withdrawalrisk that makes the bank fragile. Core deposits are an attractivefunding source for such loans because the bank provides liquidityservices to core depositors and this diminishes the likelihoodof premature deposit withdrawal, thereby facilitating the continuityof relationship loans. That is, we show that banks will wishto match the highest value-added liabilities with the highestvalue-added loans and that doing so simultaneously minimizesthe bank's fragility owing to withdrawal risk and maximizesthe value the bank adds in relationship lending. We also examinethe impact of interbank competition on the bank's asset-liabilitymatching and extract numerous testable predictions.     

Shorting Restrictions: Revisiting the 1930s

Several events in the 1930s made shorting more difficult or impossible in the United States. In 1931, the NYSE banned shorting for two days and later prohibited shorting on a downtick. In 1932, brokers needed written authorization before lending a customer's shares, and the U.S. Senate released a list of the biggest short sellers. In 1938, the tick test was tightened. Short interest and securities lending data indicate that each event made shorting more difficult. Average returns associated with the events are significantly positive, consistent with disagreement models. Liquidity is also affected. Recent U.S. regulatory changes echo these earlier restrictions.     

敢于坐上那张烫椅

这次参加的领导能力培训中有一个令我至今难忘的练习,就是每个人需坐到课堂中央的一张椅子上,讲师与其他学员相围而座,对坐在中央的人轮番点评。在众目睽睽之下被人评头论足,实在不是件轻松愉快的事,所以讲师将这张椅子称之为烫椅。有许多点评当然比较客气友好,长处讲得比较多,但也不乏尖锐深刻的反馈。比如说:你的身体语言有点戏剧化;你的讲话声音太低,给人的感觉是你对自己缺乏自信;你是一个很好的经理,但要成为一个出色的领导者,还需要在人际技巧上磨练磨练……尽管点评     

企业信誉:最大的挑战

一个不该告到法院的例子:1999年12月1日,金王保健品公司将800万元存入北京市商业银行复兴分行.十几天后金王保健品公司却发现795万元被人无故取走,经查原是银行工作人员黄明喜偷拿金王公司预留印鉴片并提供给外部工作人员景庆春内外勾结所为.西城区法院于2001年10月16日一审判决北京市商业银行归还警方无法追回储户的272万元.法院认为,存款虽为黄明喜、景庆春勾结骗取,但复兴支行在这笔存款被取走时未严格审查有关划转手续,因此负有过错责任.但是北京市商业银行不服一审判决,提起上诉,最后二审的结果是:追不回的存款由黄明喜、景庆春归还,因为这是由个人行为造成的后果.     

Changing the Concepts to Justify the Standards*

In this paper, I discuss the current project to converge the IASB and FASB conceptual frameworks, specifically efforts to purge the converged framework of concepts that hinder the promotion of balance sheet valuation using fair values. I discuss why I believe these efforts to be misguided, based on how investors who analyze financial statements employ accounting information. I focus on stewardship, reliability, and earnings — terms either demoted in importance or at risk of being eliminated in the framework convergence project. I explain their salience to financial statement users and argue against their deletion or demotion.     

保险公司资产负债管理中DFA模型的构建

为了减少保险公司经营过程中资产负债价值的异常波动,选择合适的资产负债管理方法尤为重要。动态财务分析模型（DFA）作为一种新兴的方法,不仅能模拟保险公司的经营过程,而且能为保险公司提供有效的经营策略并预测财务风险。通过将影响保险公司盈余过程的变量分为不可控变量和可控变量,以期望盈余最大化为目标函数,构建了保险公司动态财务分析模型,并对模型变量和模型的应用领域进行理论分析,以利于保险公司更好地发展。     

以不变应万变

对于人民币汇率制度与汇率水平,从短期来看应该以不变应万变;从长期来看,应该创造条件逐渐放开对人民币汇率与资本项目的双重管制,并将这两种管制转化为市场化的汇率机制,从市场的供求关系中寻找最优的人民币汇率水平。     

Technology Shocks and Monetary Policy: Revisiting the Fed's Performance

Would the U.S. economy's dynamic response to permanent technology shocks have been different from the actual responses if monetary authorities' systematic response to these shocks had been optimal? To answer this question, we characterize the dynamic effects of permanent technology shocks and the way in which U.S. monetary authorities reacted to these shocks over the sample 1955(1)–2002(4) using a structural VAR. A sticky price–sticky wage model is developed and estimated to reproduce these responses. We then formally compare these responses with the outcome of the optimal monetary policy.     

财务假账挑战税务执法

财务假账面面观 因部分会计师事务所协同世界重量级上市公司及中国银广厦等上市公司造假，会计师事务所遭遇的信任危机正席卷全美国并向世界各国蔓延，信用危机震撼……     

如何看待当前的通货紧缩

从通货膨胀到通货紧缩的简要回顾 2007年下半年开始,我国的宏观经济形势中出现物价连续上涨,货币信贷增长过快的现象.2008年2月,CPI增长率达到8.7%,创下近12年的新高,其中食品价格涨幅更是达到创纪录的23.3%.     

Revisiting the European Asset Management Industry

During the last decade, the European asset management industry has undergone a period of unprecedented change. Europe has witnessed ten years of financial integration, driven in particular by various regulatory initiatives. But Europe has also been transformed in the geopolitical sense, with 12 new Member States and millions of new citizens of the European Union. Add to that a decade of rapid globalization and one financial crisis of historical proportions. But while Europe and its financial markets have evolved and the asset management industry has transformed itself, academic research has not kept pace. During the last ten years or so, the lack of systematic research on the structural dimensions of the asset management industry is striking. This article fills this gap by providing a comprehensive overview of the European asset management industry at the end of the first decade of the 21^st century. We seek to provide explanations to the various differences observed between European countries. Using prior research as a basis, we also compare the characteristics of the industry to their standing at the turn of the century. This also includes assessing whether and to what extent the forecasts provided in prior research did materialize. We also try to find reasons for cases in which they did not. Finally, we ourselves offer a number of prognoses on the development of the European asset management over the coming years.     

赖小民:宏观调控该松松了

应该说这些年我国实施的财政政策和货币政策,包括现在积极的财政政策、稳健的货币政策,在应对全球金融危机,支持国民经济的发展,特别是调结构、保增长、扩内需、惠民生方面发挥了重要的作用。但是现在宏观经济不确定的因素仍