全球竞争环境下企业生产与运作战略的制定

受全球竞争环境的影响,现代企业的生产管理发生了具大的变化.近几年,作为"世界工厂"的中国,靠超低的劳动力价格成为制造大国,遭遇了许多的创伤,为此付出了沉重的代价.中国用相当于美、日将近1/25的微薄工资换来的仅仅是非常微弱的劳动成本优势.这个优势随时可能被其他因素所抵消.面对国际化的市场和日益激烈的竞争,我国企业通过对资源的准确把握,针对竞争态势及其发展的需要,不断增强企业的竞争力,企业才能在市场上永久性地立于不败之地.本文从企业参与全球竞争的角度研究企业生产与运作战略的构建,并做了相关的理论分析.     

全球竞争环境下企业生产与运作战略的制定

受全球竞争环境的影响,现代企业的生产管理发生了具大的变化。近几年,作为"世界工厂"的中国,靠超低的劳动力价格成为制造大国,遭遇了许多的创伤,为此付出了沉重的代价。中国用相当于美、日将近1/25的微薄工资换来的仅仅是非常微弱的劳动成本优势。这个优势随时可能被其他因素所抵消。面对国际化的市场和日益激烈的竞争,我国企业通过对资源的准确把握,针对竞争态势及其发展的需要,不断增强企业的竞争力,企业才能在市场上永久性地立于不败之地。本文从企业参与全球竞争的角度研究企业生产与运作战略的构建,并做了相关的理论分析。     

我国中小型制造企业成本控制方法的探讨

<正>目前,随着市场竟争的不断加剧,产品获利空间越来越小,以及原材料、能源、人工成本的持续上涨,制造企业进入微利时代。如果成本控制不力,企业将走向亏损倒闭的边缘。所以加强成本控制,是企业的当务之急。成本管理是企业财务管理中的重点和难点,在企业发展战略中,成本控制处于极其重要的地位。在产品性能、质量相同的前提下,决定产品在市场竞争的主要因素则是价格,而决定产品价格高低的主要因素则是成本,只有降低了成本,才有可能降低价格,扩大销量,增加利润。迈克尔.波特:"竞争是企业成败的关键。竞争优势归根到底来源于企业为客户创造     

实行业务外包经营 打造企业竞争优势

外包就是从外部购买原来由内部提供的产品或服务。业务外包经营,是指企业通过外包的方式整合利用其外部最优秀的专业化资源,从而达到降低成本、提高效率、充分发挥自身核心竞争力和增强企业对环境的迅应变速能力的一种经营管理模式。企业在内部资源有限的情况下,为取得更大的竞争优势,仅保留其最具竞争优势的功能,而把其它功能借助于整合,利用外部最优秀的资源予以实现。使企业内部最具竞争力的资源和外部最优秀资源的结合,产生巨     

制造型企业的标准成本管理

随着市场全球化、产品的更新换代、客户的议价能力越来越强、原材料采购价格及用工成本的不断上涨等诸多原因,多数制造型企业生存艰难,利润空间越来越薄.企业如何做大做强、持续健康发展?此时制造成本管控的需求就突显出来,下面介绍一种制造型企业标准成本管理的方法.     

铁矿石价格也疯狂——钢铁行业深度研究

●铁矿石、焦煤2005年价格大涨创新高的主要动力来自全球钢铁产量特别是中国生铁产量增幅的推动,2004年中国生铁增量占全球增量的84%。●预计铁矿供给紧张将支撑价格坚挺到2007年末。世界铁矿石需求进入了新的增长阶段,中国未来仍是最大的吸铁石,国际需求也摆脱了徘徊不前的困境。而国内资源枯竭、海外增量供给滞后、海运价格居高不下导致未来几年铁矿石供应依然紧张。●国内需求和成本推动钢价继续上涨,预计钢材价格高位将维持到今年3季度。最新数据显示,年内国内钢材需求依然旺盛、国际钢材价格依然高于国内、原燃料价格不断上涨抬高了国内钢材价格中枢。●中长期来看,资源瓶颈将侵蚀钢铁行业利润。分析表明,生产高端产品的企业业绩对铁矿石价格变动的敏感性较低:线材产品利润对矿石价格变动的敏感性是冷轧薄板的4倍以上,导致生产低端产品企业的抗矿石价格变动风险能力远远弱于高端产品企业。●缺乏全球性矿产资源投资是我国钢铁行业的软肋,拥有铁矿资源、生产高附加值产品的公司将成为未来竞争中的赢家。     

浅析中小企业降低成本的途径

在当今激烈的市场竞争环境中．成本的降低是增加利润的有效方法之一．降低成本已成为企业首要解决的重要问题．尤其是中小企业。成本是万源之本,如果企业的成本过高．价格就偏高,竞争的优势就不存在。中小企业要想在竞争中不被淘汰．就必须对其企业的成本进行有效的降低,降低成本,加强管理,才能给企业带来可观的经济效益,提高竞争力。只有更加的了解了降低成本的几种方法才能更好帮助中小企业在激烈的竞争中生存下来。文章针对中小企业成本在管理中存在的问题．提出了降低企业成本的有效途径。     

作业成本法在物流企业成本控制中的应用研究

随着社会和"互联网+"的不断发展,物流行业的发展如日中天.随着越来越多的竞争者加入物流行业,但市场的资源有限,导致行业的竞争激烈.而成本的管理和控制在企业发展中起着至关重要的作用,只有有效地控制或降低成本,企业才能拥有更加长远的发展空间和更加可靠的竞争力.本文利用资料收集法、文献研究法等途径综述了当前物流企业的特点和成本管理中存在的问题,并进一步探究作业成本法在物流企业成本管理中的应用情况,最后提出建议,对物流企业有效利用作业成本法进行成本控制有重要参考意义.     

生产成本的管理与控制

正美国管理大师彼得·德鲁克有一句名言:"企业家只要做两件事,第一增加收入,第二控制成本"。生产成本控制一直是企业重要的生产控制环节,是企业成本控制的重要内容,是衡量企业经营成果的一项重要指标。目前制造业面临的问题是:原材料的价格越来越高,产品的价格却维持不变,给企业的生产运营造成了很大的压力。因此,在寻求利润最大化的过程中,成本的控制被放在了首位。合理有效的控制好产品成本,就可以使企业积累相应的竞争优势。一、生产成本的构成生产成本亦称制造成本是指生产活动的成本,即,企业为生产产品而发生的成本。     

互联网时代商业银行的竞争战略

本文在分析探讨互联网金融两大主体——商业银行与互联网企业当前和未来竞争态势及演化的基础上,提出了国内大型商业银行"大风控"、"大数据"、"大平台"三项应对策略。在互联网金融的竞争中,互联网企业占据主动,商业银行相对被动,而且在某些领域互联网企业还有进一步扩展空间,未来互联网平台的竞争将更加激烈,跨界收编、跨界合作等竞争手段将不断出现。对于商业银行而言,坚守风控底线是前提,推进大数据技术发展、加快构建信息化银行是应对的关键战略,而"大平台"战略将是大型银行谋取未来竞争优势和地位的唯一选择。     

The performance of specialized and oriented diversified firms: A comparative analysis from the targeted expansion of renewable energy business of listed companies

With the rise of high-tech industry and the continuous change of business scope of enterprises, it is vital to study the different performance between enterprises with professional development and enterprises with business orientation expansion across the industrial chain, and this process is related to the industrial development background of the region where the enterprises are located. The development of renewable energy industry provides an excellent opportunity for this research. By identifying the business data of Chinese listed renewable energy companies from 2003 to 2021, this paper explores the performance of their renewable energy business expansion, and further uses the US sample for comparative analysis. First, the empirical results show that the expansion of renewable energy business contributes to the outstanding performance of firms. Second, compared with American enterprises, Chinese enterprises have achieved greater relative performance improvement in expanding renewable energy business, which is mainly due to the advantages of directional transformation of Chinese manufacturing enterprises. Finally, China's policy environment is conducive to professional enterprises to achieve more outstanding performance when expanding renewable energy business. This study helps to understand the differences between specialized development companies and directional diversified business expansion companies, and has certain implications for the development of the renewable energy industry and industrial policies.     

政府控制、制度背景与资本结构动态调整

本文研究了政府控制和制度环境与上市公司资本结构动态调整的关系。政府控制同时产生股权限制和融债优势两种相反的作用力,更有利于债权融资调整,不利于股权融资调整,使得国家持股比例与调整速度之间呈现倒U形关系;流通股的增加扩大了融资摩擦,减缓了调整速度。政府分级增加了地方政府控制企业的融资成本,不利于调整的发生;欠发达的市场化进程扩大了政府分级的融资成本,尚不足以提供资源配置的无障碍平台。政府控制企业和非政府控制企业的调整决策差异,反映了它们理性经济行为的次优选择。     

我国上市公司信息披露质量对其财务绩效影响的实证研究——基于非线性和非对称性的视角

本文以2006-2010年的深市A股上市公司为样本,以每股收益为上市公司财务绩效的替代变量,以深交所对上市公司信息披露考评结果作为信息披露质量的替代变量,研究了我国上市公司信息披露质量对其财务绩效的影响。结果表明：上市公司信息披露质量对其财务绩效的影响是非线性的,具体表现为正u型;上市公司信息披露质量的变动对其财务绩效的影响是非对称的。最后,本文根据回归分析结果提出了相应的政策建议。     

The half-truth of first-mover advantage

Many executives take for granted that the first company in a new product category gets an unbeatable head start and reaps long-lasting benefits. But that doesn't always happen. The authors of this article discovered that much depends on the pace at which the category's technology is changing and the speed at which the market is evolving. By analyzing these two factors, companies can improve their odds of succeeding as first movers with the resources they possess. Gradual evolution in both the technology and the market provides a first mover with the best conditions for creating a dominant position that is long lasting (Hoover in the vacuum cleaner industry is a good example). In such calm waters, a company can defend its advantages even without exceptional skills or extensive financial resources. When the market is changing rapidly and the product isn't, a first entrant with extensive resources can obtain a long-lasting advantage (as Sony did with its Walkman personal stereo); a company with only limited resources probably must settle for a short-term benefit. When the market is static but the product is changing constantly, first-mover advantages of either kind--durable or short-lived--are unlikely. Only companies with very deep pockets can survive (think of Sony and the digital cameras it pioneered). Rapid churn in both the technology and the market creates the worst conditions. But if companies have an acute sense of when to exit-as Netscape demonstrated when it agreed to be acquired by AOL-a worthwhile short-term gain is possible. Before venturing into a newly forming market, you need to analyze the environment, assess your resources, then determine which type offirst-mover advantage is most achievable. Once you've gone into the water, you have no choice but to swim.     

企业集团特征与成员企业价值

作为外部市场机制的一种替代形式,企业集团在发展中国家广泛存在。一方面,企业集团通过建立内部市场降低成员企业(Group-affiliated Com- panies)之间的交易成本,能够提高企业的价值;另一方面,企业集团内部控股股东与其他股东之间的代理问题相对于独立经营的公司更加严重,对其成员企业价值存在负面影响。本文以我国A股上市公司中的集团成员企业为样本,采用实证的方法研究了集团化经营方式对其成员企业价值的影响。结果表明:集团成员企业的经营效率和市场价值总体上均显著优于其所在行业的中值;同时,集团内上市公司数量的增多、集团层面的多元化经营都会显著提高成员企业的市场价值;但是,政府作为集团最终控股人或者控股股东持股比例过高时,集团产生的代理问题对成员公司价值存在显著的负面影响。     

会计稳健性、公司治理与社会责任报告印象管理

以2009-2014年披露社会责任报告的A股上市公司为样本,研究会计稳健性与公司治理对企业社会责任报告印象管理的交互影响.结果表明:企业会计稳健性越高,社会责任报告印象管理程度越低;公司治理水平越高,社会责任报告印象管理程度越低;公司治理水平越高,会计稳健性对社会责任报告印象管理的抑制作用越小;反之,公司治理水平越低,会计稳健性对社会责任报告印象管理的抑制作用越大.会计稳健性和公司治理均有助于抑制企业社会责任报告印象管理行为,且具有替代关系,这种替代关系在非国有企业中更为显著.     

Effect of internal cost management,information systems integration,and absorptive capacity on inter-organizational cost management in supply chains

Inter-organizational cost management is a strategic cost management approach to managing costs that span organizational boundaries in supply chains. Drawing on the resource-based view of the firm, we develop a model to predict which inter-related resources might enable companies to manage inter-organizational costs. We test this model using a survey of managerial accountants whose organizations are part of a supply chain. Using structural equation modeling, we conclude that the resources of internal electronic integration, external electronic integration, internal cost management, and absorptive capacity play significant direct and indirect roles in the development of an inter-organizational cost management (IOCM) resource. We find that these resources are inter-related and together are useful in enabling companies to ultimately benefit from managing inter-organizational costs. We find in particular the importance of relational resources associated with absorptive capacity in the development of an IOCM resource. Our research contributes to theory and practice by explaining how specific resources can be combined in allowing companies to better manage inter-organizational costs.     

Climate transition risk in sovereign bond markets

Is climate transition risk factored into sovereign bond markets? We find that carbon dioxide emissions, natural resources rents, and renewable energy consumption—as measures of transition risk—significantly affect yields and spreads. Countries with lower carbon emissions incur lower borrowing costs. Advanced countries with reduced earnings from natural resources rents and increased renewable energy consumption are associated with lower borrowing costs, which differ from the effects in developing countries. Given the threat that climate change poses to the global economy and the fast materialization of transition risk, we advocate an increase in the significance of climate transition risk factors as determinants in sovereign bond markets.     

Ownership, managerial control and the governance of companies listed on the Brussels stock exchange

This paper examines how corporate control is exerted in companies listed on the Brussels Stock Exchange. There are several alternative corporate governance mechanisms which may play a role in disciplining poorly performing management: blockholders (holding companies, industrial companies, families and institutions), the market for partial control, debt policy, and board composition. Even if there is redundancy of substitute forms of discipline, some mechanisms may dominate. We find that top managerial turnover is strongly related to poor performance measured by stock returns, accounting earnings in relation to industry peers and dividend cuts and omissions. Tobit models reveal that there is little relation between ownership and managerial replacement, although industrial companies resort to disciplinary actions when performance is poor. When industrial companies increase their share stake or acquire a new stake in a poorly performing company, there is evidence of an increase in executive board turnover, which suggests a partial market for control. There is little relation between changes in ownership concentration held by institutions and holding companies, and disciplining. Still, high leverage and decreasing solvency and liquidity variables are also followed by increased disciplining, as are a high proportion of non-executive directors and the separation of the functions of CEO and chairman.     

并购对企业R&D投资的挤出效应研究——基于并购前后资产负债率变动的视角

创新是企业内涵式的增长方式,并购是企业外延式的增长方式。在资源有限的情况下,企业如何在这两种战略之间进行权衡?本文以2007-2018年沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,发现如果并购引起企业资产负债率增加,则会对并购后的R&D投资形成"财务侵占",从而对研发产生负面影响;这种抑制作用在主并企业存在融资约束的情况下会更加显著;按企业特征划分,这种抑制作用主要存在于小企业和民营企业。研究结果为基于边界条件的并购如何影响企业创新绩效提供了实证证据,同时也为企业进行相关战略变更和投资决策提供了有益参考。