实际控制人身份在银行信贷决策中的作用——基于对会计信息替代视角分析

从传统意义上讲,银行在信贷决策过程中主要看重企业的会计信息,但是作为非正式信息的实际控制人身份在银行信贷决策中也发挥重要作用。通过运用我国上市公司的经验数据检验实际控制人身份对会计信息的影响,研究表明,相对于会计信息,银行在信贷决策中更关注企业的实际控制人身份,尤其是在低制度环境中,这种关注更加明显。     

会计稳健性与会计信息的信贷决策有用性

采用基于账面市价比的固定效应模型度量公司的会计政策稳健性程度;采用盈利能力指标和偿债能力指标与事后的违约概率之间的相关性度量会计信息的信贷决策有用性,实证研究结果是会计稳健性强化了信贷决策失误与会计信息(盈利能力指标和偿债能力指标)之间的负相关关系.这表明,会计稳健性提高了会计信息的信贷决策有用性.     

试分析会计信息披露及银行信贷风险防范

信贷业务是金融信贷机构的主要业务,信贷的质量就决定了金融信贷机构、金融企业整体发展的效益.在金融信贷企业发展的过程中,企业内部的管理制度是否完善,会影响企业的整体发展状况,特别是会计信息披露制度是否完善,如果会计信息失真就会引发银行的信贷风险、造成损失.为此,就需要重视会计信息披露的重要性,保障会计信息的完整性与真实性,强化信贷风险的管理,不断提升银行信贷的质量.本文分析会计信息的价值,探讨了当前银行信贷风险产生的原因,并进一步提出提升会计信息披露的质量,防范银行信贷风险的措施.     

税务诚信对银行信贷安全的影响力因子研究

我国银行的信贷安全对对我国金融甚至经济的安全有重要的影响,当前,银行信贷工作主要集中于风险管理和风险控制上,银行的工作开展,应在大力支持经济发展的同时,保障银行的信贷安全。本文提出利用税务诚信数据来判断企业的运营情况,并进一步研究了税务诚信对于银行信贷安全的影响,提出了一种新的信贷安全的决策方法。     

卖空约束放松与银行信贷决策北大核心CSSCISSCI

本文以中国资本市场2010年开始实施的融资融券制度作为切入点,采用双重差分模型系统地检验了卖空约束放松对银行信贷决策的影响。研究发现,卖空约束放松之后,银行倾向于向标的公司发放更大额度的信贷,同时其贷款期限更长,而且贷款担保要求更为宽松。进一步研究发现,上述关系在标的公司信息风险和信用风险较大以及银行对信息风险和信用风险较为关注的情况下更为显著。最后,我们还发现,卖空约束放松之后,更多贷款给标的公司的银行其经营绩效随之明显上升。综上,卖空约束的放松大大缓解了标的公司的信用风险和信息风险,而银行也做出了合宜的信贷决策调整,最终导致银行经营绩效的提升,这表明卖空机制具有积极的改善银行信贷决策的溢出效应。     

制度环境、股权分置改革与决策有用性

基于中国证券市场股权分置改革的制度背景,结合地区制度环境,从会计规则内外部执行机制耦合的角度,运用盈余信息含量和价值相关性的经验模型,本文首次研究了制度环境与股权分置改革两者共同对会计信息决策有用性的影响。研究发现:地区制度环境越好、股改对价越低的上市公司,其会计信息的决策有用性越高。本文对国内关于股权分置改革的会计信息经济后果研究进行了一定程度的拓展,并结合地区制度环境对会计信息质量的考察提供了一种崭新的研究视角。     

对提高会计信息有用性的探讨

在当今信息社会里,会计信息已成为信息使用者赖以决策与分析的基础,人们越来越重视会计信息的有用性,可以说会计信息的真实性、有用性就是会计工作的生命。1会计信息有用性的涵义所谓“有用性”是指会计信息能帮助人们选择决策方案,改善经营管理水平,提高企业经济效益,其中最关键的是做出正确的决策,因此,会计信息的有用性通常称为决策有用性。决策有用性主要表现在可靠性和相关性。可靠性是指信息使用者可以对会计信息给予充分信赖;相关性是指会计信息能够影响使用者的决策、能够导致信息使用者决策的差别,相关性的两个基本质量标志为预测…     

金融摩擦、银行异质性与银行信贷渠道的非对称性效应

为了全面系统地研究银行的不同特征对货币政策信贷渠道的影响,刻画在货币政策银行信贷渠道中银行的微观信贷行为,找到货币政策传统机制中微观基础缺失的原因,说明我国银行信贷渠道的有效性以及货币政策对银行信贷的分布效应,选取我国65家商业银行2000-2010年的面板数据,建立动态面板模型,运用GMM估计方法研究货币政策变化对贷款增长率和贷款供给特征的影响.研究表明:银行规模对货币政策冲击的反应最强烈,其次是资本充足率和流动性,再次是不良贷款率.     

货币政策银行信贷渠道存在性的实证研究——基于“CC—LM”模型的视角

利用我国2002年至2015年的相关数据,结合"CC—LM"模型研究间接调控机制下我国货币政策银行信贷渠道的存在性问题。实证结果表明:银行间同业拆借市场7天加权平均利率可以作为恰当的货币政策代理变量;在央行由直接调控向间接调控的转变过程中,货币政策依旧能够对银行的信贷量产生影响;我国存在货币政策的银行信贷传导渠道。     

资本缓冲、货币政策与信贷行为

本文基于2002-2013年我国上市银行的面板模型,构建我国上市商业银行的资本缓冲调整模型和信贷行为影响模型,探讨我国商业银行资本缓冲的周期性及其对信贷的影响。实证结果表明:我国上市商业银行的资本缓冲具有显著的逆周期性特征;资本缓冲调整对银行信贷扩张具有显著的负向作用,并且在一定程度上强化了货币政策对银行信贷的影响程度。根据这一研究结果,为了应对我国商业银行信贷投放的顺周期性,应进一步完善银行体系的逆周期资本缓冲机制,充分发挥资本缓冲机制对商业银行信贷行为的调节作用。     

Deferred Taxes and Bond Ratings: A Canadian Case

This paper explores the usefulness of the current Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants standard on accounting for income taxes in bond rating decisions by credit analysts. Bond rating prediction models using accounting variables generated with alternate treatment of income taxes, have been developed. The analysis indicates that additional information presented by the above standard has not contributed significantly to the bond raters' decision making process.     

A note on the role of memory in commercial loan officers' use of accounting and character information

A concept called “the five C's of credit” is the basis of a theory about the role of memory in loan officers' credit analysis. It is predicted that recall of two related types of information, accounting and information about borrowers' character, is greater when facts are consistent with loan decisions and judgments than when they are inconsistent. Results of an experiment support the prediction when information consistency is denned relative to decisions whether to approve or deny loans, but not when it is related to judgments of the risk of nonpayment.     

Accounting data and the credit spread: An empirical investigation

Measures of credit risk based on Merton (1974) rely upon information available in the market prices of securities. Under the Efficient Market Hypothesis market prices should reflect all available information and, hence, make redundant all other information in the analysis of credit risk. This paper examines whether accounting data are fully reflected in the market-based measures of credit risk and therefore has no role in explaining variations in the credit spread on corporate bonds. We use a sample consisting of over 11,000 firm-quarter observations with matched equity, bond and accounting data. The results suggest that equity volatility and Merton's distance-to-default outperform accounting variables in explaining variations in the credit spread. However, accounting variables are incrementally informative in explaining variations in the credit spread when considered in conjunction with market-based measures. Within the set of accounting variables considered, we find that the profitability ratio is by far the most incrementally informative accounting variable.     

Market reactions to policy deliberations on fair value accounting and impairment rules during the financial crisis of 2008–2009

Fair value accounting (FVA) has been blamed for amplifying the financial crisis of 2008–2009. We investigate investor and creditor reactions to policymaker deliberations, recommendations and decisions about FVA and impairment rules in the banking industry. If FVA was a key contributor to the financial crisis as some industry pundits and academic research suggest, we first should observe positive stock market reactions to proposals that relax FVA rules and negative reactions when policymakers support FVA. Second, we investigate cross-sectional stock price reactions to bank-specific factors that potentially contributed to pro-cyclical contagion. Third, we examine whether banks that have fewer alternative sources of information about fair values experience relatively negative reactions to potential relaxation of FVA and impairment rules. Finally, we investigate credit market reactions to these policy deliberations, recommendations and decisions by examining changes in credit default swap spreads for a subset of banks in our sample.     

The Relevance of Accounting Data in the Measurement of Credit Risk

Abstract

Option pricing theory provides a robust and theoretically sound framework for the measurement of credit risk. Assuming perfect market conditions, information relevant to the measurement of a firm’s credit risk is reflected in its equity price, with no role for accounting data. This hypothesis is tested using UK data and credit ratings as a proxy for credit risk. It is found that Merton’s distance-to-default measure is the most significant variable in the measurement of credit risk. However, it is also found that accounting variables are incrementally informative when added to a model that contains only the distance-to-default measure. The incremental informativeness of accounting data varies across industries and depends on firm size. Although it is found that the general level of credit risk depends on the state of the economy, there is no evidence to suggest that the incremental informativeness of the accounting variables depends upon macroeconomic conditions.     

THE REPORTING OF INVESTMENTS IN ASSOCIATED COMPANIES AND CREDIT EVALUATIONS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Policymakers have been concerned with the problem of accounting for investments in associated companies. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of alternative methods of recognising revenue from investments in associated companies on creditors' evaluations and decisions. Results indicate that most creditors do not adjust financial statements based on alternative methods of accounting and that different methods of accounting affect credit assessments and decisions. The implications of these findings for policymakers and creditors are discussed.     

会计信息可比性与企业商业信用融资——基于企业市场地位和行业竞争环境的双重考量

不同于传统的基于资本市场情境进行的会计信息可比性经济后果研究,将研究场景拓展至商品市场中企业供应链层面,考察企业会计信息可比性能否影响供应链伙伴的商业信用政策制定,进而反映到企业的商业信用融资水平.研究发现:会计信息可比性越高的企业,其商业信用融资水平也越高;会计信息可比性对商业信用融资的促进作用只在市场地位较低、所处行业竞争程度较高的企业中存在.进一步的拓展研究证实,提高会计信息可比性可以有效缓解我国中小微企业普遍存在的融资难问题.     

对上市公司信用缺失的剖析——基于博弈理论的分析

上市公司信用一直以来都是倍受人们关注的问题。本文运用不完全信息动态博弈的方法对上市公司信用问题进行分析。建立并求解一个KMRW声誉模型,得出以下结论：在满足一定的约束条件下且博弈重复的次数足够长,对于高信息成本投资者,其与上市公司博弈的结果收敛于不合作;而对于低信息成本投资者,上市公司选择遵守承诺,投资者继续投资,是一个＂精炼贝叶斯均衡＂。     

银行信贷中会计信息的使用情况调查与分析

贷款人对企业财务信息的关注不只是会计信息决策有用性的理论问题, 更重要的是银行如何加强对贷款风险有效控制的一个非常实际的问题。本项工作通过问卷调查的方式, 了解银行授信过程中会计信息的应用情况及银行对非财务信息的使用情况。我们发现, 银行对长短期借款、主营业务收入、资产负债率、流动比率和速动比率等财务信息高度重视, 对有助于进一步判别企业潜在风险的报表附注信息也比较重视。     

会计准则变革与子公司盈余信息的决策有用性——来自中国资本市场的经验证据

我国自2007年1月1日起实施的新会计准则,扩大了合并报表净利润与母公司报表净利润之间的差异。本文研究新旧准则下该差异相对于合并报表净利润的增量信息含量的变化。实证结果显示,上述差异在旧准则下并没有为母公司投资者的股票定价决策带来额外的信息;而在新准则下,该差异的决策相关性显著提高,并能提供合并报表净利润之外的增量信息含量。这就意味着,合并报表净利润中已包括但母公司报表净利润中未包括的子公司已实现而未分配盈余,能够在合并报表净利润基础上提供增量信息含量。