我国资产证券化市场现状的悲观分析和前景的乐观展望

一、我国证券化市场发展现状和障碍分析 (一)现状介绍: 1992年,海南的"地产投资券"是我国证券化的首次尝试.1996-2002年间,相继发生了几起离岸证券化的案例.2000年,建行和工行获准实行住房抵押贷款证券化的试点资格,却一直没得以实施.2003和2004年仅有少量准案例.2005年3月国家开发银行和建行获准作为试点单位,分别进行信贷资产和住房抵押贷款证券化试点,标志本土证券化的试点正式开始.2006年是该市场快速前进的一年,投资规模和品种都进一步扩大,最受瞩目的是相关政策的出台:5月,证监会发布了《关于证券投资基金投资资产支持证券有关事项的通知》,准许基金投资包括符合中国人民银行、银监会相关规定的信贷资产支持证券,以及证监会批准的企业资产支持证券类品种.     

我国汽车贷款支持证券发展模式研究

一、我国发展汽车贷款支持证券的背景分析 (一)我国信贷资产证券化的法律环境 90年代中期以来,信贷资产证券化作为一种新的融资方式和投资选项,已成为我国相关部委和金融机构所关注的一个控制金融市场风险的课题.2005年,信贷资产证券化作为一项金融创新业务终于进入了实质性发展阶段.中国人民银行当年3月宣布国家开发银行和中国建设银行作为试点单位,分别进行信贷资产和住房抵押贷款的证券化试点.为规范试点工作、提高信贷资产流动性,从当年的4月20日起中国人民银行、中国银监会等部委相继颁布了<信贷资产证券化试点管理办法>、<资产支持证券信息披露规则>等指导法规,这些法规的颁布实施将对我国信贷资产证券化市场的建立、资本市场和信贷市场联系的深化、投资者信心的激励起到积极的导向作用,并将刺激商业银行针对自身信贷资产特点尝试证券化创新业务.     

我国资产支持证券的特征及其发展建议

2005年12月15日，首期开元信贷资产支持证券（MBS）和建元个人住房抵押贷款支持证券（ABS）在银行间市场顺利发行，这是我国首批政策规范下的资产支持证券，标志着我国信贷资产证券化试点工作取得了阶段性成果。此次试点推出的两只证券均以信贷资产为突破口，即开元证券和建元证券分别以国家开发银行发放的公司贷款和中国建设银行发放的个人住房抵押贷款为支持资产，统称信贷资产支持证券。     

我国商业银行信贷资产证券化发展状况及问题研究

作为金融创新重要成果之一的资产证券化,其始于美国20世纪70年代末的住房抵押证券,以此为基础,信贷资产证券化应运而生.对商业银行来说,信贷资产证券化使缺乏流动性的贷款成为具有流动性的证券,在其盘活资产、风险管理等方面起着重要的作用?通过分析当前我国商业银行信贷资产证券化的发展状况,可以得出我国商业银行在实施信贷资产证券化过程中所具有的若干意义和存在的问题,并给出相关建议.     

论内部评级法在资产证券化监管中的应用

2005年12月25日,国家开发银行在北京成功发行了我国第一单信贷资产支持证券,发行金额为41.77亿元,资产池为开发银行发放的人民币公司贷款.与其同步,中国建设银行股份有限公司也发行金额为30.16亿元,资产池为建设银行发放的个人住房抵押贷款的资产支持证券.可以预见,随着我国首批信贷资产支持证券的试点成功,资产证券化将在中国金融领域大规模展开,这对优化银行资产结构,增强银行资产流动性具有重要意义.     

新政策

信贷资产证券化有章可循中国人民银行、中国银监会近日制定并发布了《信贷资产证券化试点管理办法》,旨在规范信贷资产证券化试点工作,保护投资人及相关当事人的合法权益,并提高信贷资产流动性,丰富证券品种。所谓信贷资产证券化,通常是指将缺乏流动性、但具有可预期收入的银行信贷资产,通过发行证券的方式予以出售。通过证券化,银行可在负债不变的情况下改善信贷资产结构,提高信贷资产质量,分散经营风险。此前国家开发银行和中国建设银行作为试点单位,已经被批准分别进行信贷资产证券化和住房抵押贷款证券化的试点。     

浅议住房抵押贷款证券化的几个基本会计问题

住房抵押贷款证券化是资产证券化的一种衍生形式,它是指发起人(商业银行等金融机构）将其持有的流动性较差的住房抵押贷款转让给发行人（特殊目的实体),发行人对住房抵押贷款进行重组后在资本市场上发行证券的行为。目前各大商业银行正积极争取试行住房抵押贷款证券化成为学术界和实务界的研究热点。本将就住房抵押贷款证券化实施中的几个基本会计问题进行探讨。     

从美国次贷危机看我国住房抵押贷款证券化

一、美国次贷危机的回顾与展望 席卷全球金融市场的美国次贷危机,其作用机理是在房地产高涨时期,商业银行大量的发放住房抵押贷款,并通过资产证券化手段,把这些贷款打包成抵押贷款支持证券(MBS)、资产支持证券(ABS)等债券,发行到债券市场.     

浅议我国住房抵押贷款证券化

一、什么是住房抵押贷款证券化? 住房抵押贷款证券化是资产证券化的一种形式.资产证券化是指以融通资金为目的,将缺乏流动性,但能够在未来产生稳定的、可预见的现金流收入的银行信贷资产,通过组合和信用增级(即进行结构性重组)转换成为以该信贷资产作为担保、可以在金融市场上出售和流通的证券,通过对该证券的发行和变现进行融资.     

我国住房抵押贷款支持证券信用增级模式探析

住房抵押贷款支持证券(Housing Mortgage-Backed Security,简称MBS)是资产证券化发展的产物,诞生于上世纪70年代的美国。MBS是资产证券化发展过程中最早出现的种类,也是此后发展速度最快、规模最大的品种。我国首只规范的MBS——建元2005-1个人住房抵押贷款支持证券于三年前成功发行,标志着我国     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.