基于贝叶斯SV模型的通货膨胀水平与不确定性关系研究

针对我国通货膨胀水平与不确定性的时变性特征,分别建立了随机波动均值模型和非对称随机波动均值模型,在MCMC稳态模拟的框架下研究了我国通货膨胀水平与不确定性的动态关系。研究结果表明:我国通货膨胀不确定性中具有明显的持续性特征,并且通胀水平中虽然不存在与金融资产价格运动类似的杠杆效应,但是正向冲击增加了经济行为主体对未来不确定性的预期,由此将导致明显的"示范效应"和"追涨效应";特别是风险溢出系数的贝叶斯估计为正,反映了通胀不确定性对通胀水平的正向影响作用,说明我国目前的货币政策框架中含有相机抉择的成分因素。     

股价波动与通货膨胀关系的实证研究

本文运用格兰杰因果关系检验、脉冲响应函数和方差分解等计量方法，得出以下主要结论：股票价格是影响通货膨胀和通胀预期的重要变量；股票价格是通货膨胀、通胀预期的格兰杰原因，反向因果关系不明显；股票价格的上升，在相当短的时期内，即1—2个季度内，与通货膨胀率和通胀预期负相关，然后从第2—3季度开始，股票价格与通货膨胀率和通胀预期正相关，第9季度开始，股票价格与通货膨胀率和通胀预期负相关。利用财富效应和替代效应假说，本文认为当财富效应大于替代效应时，股价与通货膨胀正相关；当财富效应小于替代效应时，股价与通货膨胀负相关。最后，提出了政策建议。     

我国菲利普斯曲线的非线性与体制转移特征分析

运用非线性模型研究我国菲利普斯曲线的非线性和体制转移动态特征。实证研究表明,我国产出与通胀关系在1990—2011年的样本期内不存在显著的凸或凹的非线性特征,而MSIAH(M)-ARX(1)模型估计结果表明,我国菲利普斯曲线具有显著的机制转移特征,在不同的经济周期阶段下,我国的通胀与产出缺口间具有不同的关系,其中在经济处于温和通胀状态下,我国菲利普斯曲线关系在统计上较显著,可作为管理央行货币政策的参考。     

央行货币政策操作特征检验:线性抑或非线性

本文在一般均衡框架下拓展了线性理性预期模型,将通胀惯性引入菲利普斯曲线,构建了非线性的逻辑平滑转换回归模型,通过对货币政策的线性函数和非线性函数估计结果的比较,发现我国货币政策以预期通胀率作为转移变量的非线性特征非常明显,转移变量的阈值和转移速度的变化更符合我国实际的货币政策操作事实,同时货币政策中有明显的利率惯性和平滑效应特征。     

房地产价格与通货膨胀、产出的非线性关系——基于门限模型的实证研究

本文研究发现:融资约束效应、实业资本空心化效应、负收入效应和储蓄效应等机制是导致房价与通胀、产出之间非线性动态关系的重要原因。运用门限模型对中国现实进行实证研究,结果发现:(1)房价对未来产出与通胀的影响具有门限效应,当房价处于低增长阶段时,房价增长率对于通胀与产出产生比较显著的正向影响;当房价处于高增长阶段时,房价的这种影响效果不显著。(2)相对于线性模型,门限模型设定能够有效改善房价对通胀和产出的预测效果。因此,如果政策当局希望充分利用房价中所包含的关于未来通胀与产出的领先信息,进而实现"稳定通胀预期和保持经济平稳增长"之目标,则需将房价水平维持在低增长机制中。     

最低工资的通胀与价格效应:文献述评

本文扼要梳理和评述了截至2014年最低工资的通胀与价格效应方面的国外文献。在经济理论预测中,最低工资对通胀与价格的影响不甚明了。但案例研究和实证分析表明:最低工资上升对1970年代通胀的冲击实际很小;它推高了最低工资劳动力生产商品或提供劳务的相对价格;它对发展中国家的价格变动有显著影响,且具有渐次扩展的负面福利影响。     

商业银行市场结构与银行X效率

市场结构与X效率的关系是X效率理论的主要内容之一.不过,对于商业银行来说,垄断是否一定会影响银行X效率仍然存在着较大的争议.本文通过建立最优动态反应模型,证明了市场结构与银行X效率之间的动态关系,并对我国现状进行了实证分析.     

跨境资本流动、通货膨胀与实际汇率的关系研究——基于面板平滑转换回归模型PSTR

首次采用面板平滑转换回归模型,并在非线性的框架下对全球41个国家(地区)1991—2015年的均衡实际汇率变动展开深入分析。在此过程中,我们重点考察了资本账户开放情况下,随着通胀风险加剧,三种跨境资本流动对均衡实际汇率变动的影响效应。研究发现,通胀风险增大会恶化出口增长,使得经常账户的贸易净流入对均衡实际汇率的正效应逐渐减弱;同时也抑制了资本账户的净外商直接投资、外商证券投资等对均衡实际汇率的正效应。此外,研究发现,净外商直接投资和贸易净流入是影响均衡实际汇率的两大重要因素,说明央行在调控货币汇率时要密切注意跨境资本流动的影响。最后,我们提出了现阶段开放我国资本账户与管控通胀风险的若干建议。     

股票收益率与通胀关系的实证研究

本文基于费雪理论,使用1991-2010年的月度数据对中国股市的收益率与通货膨胀率之间的关系进行实证分析,并进一步检验各行业股票对通胀风险的防御效果。研究结果表明,总体上股票收益率与通胀率显著负相关,即股票不是持续高通胀时期的有效保值工具,但是在材料、医药和消费等行业仍具有较好的通胀防御效果。     

我国股市行业间的收益与波动溢出效应研究——基于VAR模型构造溢出指数

已有的文献多是通过脉冲响应来刻画溢出效应,该方法得到的溢出效应不具有连续性,在实际应用中有一定的缺陷.而本文则是通过构建溢出指数的方法来衡量我国股市行业间的收益与波动的溢出效应,它能够从溢出指数走势特征中提取股市对信息的反应,可以辅助投资者预判市场走势,做好资产配置准备.研究发现我国股市行业间的收益与波动溢出指数的突变特征明显,收益溢出指数的突变点多是局部高点,而波动溢出指数的突变点多是局部低点.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

旅游企业与社区居民利益冲突及协调博弈研究

随着旅游业发展的深入,旅游企业与社区居民的利益冲突及协调问题成为影响旅游业发展的重点问题。从旅游企业和社区居民的单次博弈入手建立模型,并通过重复博弈模型分析,探索实现利益协调的路径。提出完善社区居民旅游开发参与机制和构建收益均衡分配机制,解决旅游企业与社区居民的利益协调问题。     

Stock and Bond Liquidity and its Effect on Prices and Financial Policies

An asset is liquid if it can be traded at the prevailing market price quickly and at low cost. We show that in addition to risk, liquidity affects asset prices and returns. Theories of asset pricing suggest that the expected return of an asset is increasing in its risk, because risk-averse investors require compensation for bearing more risk. Because investors are also averse to the costs of illiquidity and want to be compensated for bearing them, asset returns are increasing in illiquidity. Thus, asset prices should depend on two asset characteristics: risk and liquidity. This paper surveys research on the effects of liquidity on asset prices and returns, showing that liquidity is an important factor in capital asset pricing.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Fast and slow cancellations and trader behavior

We investigate how short-lived liquidity supply due to order cancellations affects the order-placement behavior of slow traders. When order cancellations increase, slow traders submit fewer and less aggressive orders. Both short- and long-lived liquidity supply have positive effects on the market overall, reducing spreads and increasing depth. We conclude that it is not necessary to require limit orders to have a minimum lifespan. We develop econometric and machine-learning frameworks that allow traders to predict whether a quote is likely to have a short or long life, increasing the ability of slow traders to respond strategically to changing order flow.     

Amplification and asymmetry in crashes and frenzies

We often observe disproportionate reactions to tangible information in large stock price movements. Moreover these movements feature an asymmetry: the number of crashes is more than that of frenzies in the S&P 500 index. This paper offers an explanation for these two characteristics of large movements in which hedging (portfolio insurance) causes amplified price reactions to news and liquidity shocks as well as an asymmetry biased towards crashes. Risk aversion of traders is shown to be essential for the asymmetry of price movements. Also, we show that differential information can enhance both amplification and asymmetry delivered by hedging. This paper is based on part of my Ph.D. thesis submitted to the University of Minnesota. I am grateful to Andy McLennan and Jan Werner for their valuable advice and unwavering support. Also, I would like thank Mehmet Barlo, Michele Boldrin, Partha Chatterjee, Mehmet Ozhabes, Dimitrios Tsomocos and seminar participants at the University of Minnesota, the MEA and the MFA Meetings in St Louis for helpful comments. Comments on a previous draft by an anonymous referee greatly improved the presentation of this paper. Financial support from William W. Stout Fellowship is gratefully acknowledged.     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

Noise trading and prime and score premiums

This paper documents that a common element drives the time-series variation of the premium pricing of Primes and Scores. I argue that this common element is noise trading. The noise trading model of Delong, Shleifer, Summers and Waldmann (1990) predicts that returns on assets that are predominantly traded by noise traders will be correlated, since the misperceptions of noise traders are cross-sectionally correlated. Consistent with the noise trading hypothesis, changes in the average premium of Primes and Scores, which are predominantly traded by individual investors, are correlated with both changes in average discounts of closed-end funds and small firms returns. These empirical facts provide additional evidence that noise traders can affect security prices.     

LIBOR and swap market models and measures

A self-contained theory is presented for pricing and hedging LIBOR and swap derivatives by arbitrage. Appropriate payoff homogeneity and measurability conditions are identified which guarantee that a given payoff can be attained by a self-financing trading strategy. LIBOR and swap derivatives satisfy this condition, implying they can be priced and hedged with a finite number of zero-coupon bonds, even when there is no instantaneous saving bond. Notion of locally arbitrage-free price system is introduced and equivalent criteria established. Stochastic differential equations are derived for term structures of forward libor and swap rates, and shown to have a unique positive solution when the percentage volatility function is bounded, implying existence of an arbitrage-free model with such volatility specification. The construction is explicit for the lognormal LIBOR and swap “market models”, the former following Musiela and Rutkowski (1995). Primary examples of LIBOR and swap derivatives are discussed and appropriate practical models suggested for each.