国际财务报告的趋同性研究

2006年4日,国际会计准则理事会发布了《最佳实务公告：国际会计准则理事会与其他会计准则制定机构关系》,该公告明确了国际会计准则理事会和区域性或国家会计准则制定机构在国际财务报告准则的采用或趋同方面应采取行动的范围。本文从会计准则国际趋同的内涵出发,分析了准则国际趋同的必要性．结合现实。指出了国际趋同存在的障碍,并对准则国际趋同的未来进行展望。随之提出了几点建议。     

国际会计准则变迁:动因、特征及解释

国际会计准则委员会(国际会计准则委员会)是一个独立的非官方会计准则制定机构,成立于1973年6月,其宗旨和目的是本着公众的利益,制定和发布财务报表所应遵循的会计准则,并维护其在世界范围内被接受和遵循.国际会计准则委员会自成立以来,在其漫长的发展变迁中曾先后经历了制定国际会计准则(IAS)、提高IAS可比性、制定核心会计准则以及制定国际财务报告准则等主要阶段,组织的名称也变为国际会计准则理事会(IASB).本文视国际会计准则委员会制定的国际会计准则为一种产权制度,将国际会计准则的制定(包括修订和废除)与推行纳入制度变迁的理论框架中,对国际会计准则变迁的动因、路径及特征给出一种制度经济学的解释.     

会计准则制定的利益博弈与经济后果——以国际会计准则为例

经济全球化使得各国会计准则的发展走向趋同的研究。国际会计准则形成和发展的过程,实际上是一个国家利益博弈的过程,并且这种利益博弈是一种智猪博弈。在这场利益博弈中,各国已逐渐形成自己的趋同策略。在国际会计准则制定的过程中,本文探讨了经济后果对会计准则和准则制定机构的影响。为保持高质量的会计准则,本文认为,在保证准则制定机构理性和程序允当的基础上,还应尽量保证准则制定者的独立性。     

国际会计准则的实施对收入确认的影响(英文)

国际会计准则委员会和美国会计准则委员会正商讨于2011年底将关键准则定稿。去年,两委员会决定优先处理4个项目,以实现于2011年中期会计准则国际趋同的目标。国际会计准则委员会计划就租赁、收入确认、保险合同和衍生金融工具制定新的会计准则。本文将针对国际会计准则和美国会计准则对收入确认的不同规定进行深入探讨,以阐明国际会计准则就收入确认的准则更改对欧洲企业的影响。     

资产减值会计准则国际比较研究

我国借鉴国际会计准则IAS36颁布了《企业会计准则第8号-资产减值》（CAS8），这一准则典型地体现了立足国情、国际趋同的特征。本文从资产减值会计准则适用范围、确认和计量、商誉减值处理等方面，将我国CAS8与国际会计准则进行比较研究，分析我国资产减值会计准则引入公允价值、资产组等与国际的趋同，探讨基于我国具体国情的审慎考虑而与国际准则存在的差异，并对其后续发展和完善提出建议。     

国际会计准则的实施对收入确认的影响

国际会计准则委员会和美国会计准则委员会正商讨于2011年底将关键准则定稿.去年,两委员会决定优先处理4个项目,以实现于2011年中期会计准则国际趋同的目标.国际会计准则委员会计划就租赁、收入确认、保险合同和衍生金融工具制定新的会计准则.本文将针对国际会计准则和美国会计准则对收入确认的不同规定进行深入探讨,以阐明国际会计准则就收入确认的准则更改对欧洲企业的影响.     

会计准则国际发展的利益关系分析

随着世界经济一体化的不断发展,在目前经济交易对会计处理方法的规范需求下,会计准则国际发展成为了目前会计领域的热点问题.对于我国而言,发展中国家的身份给我国国际贸易业务带来优势的同时也带来了很多的挑战,通过规范会计准则、紧跟国际会计准则发展趋势,是推动我国国际贸易发展的重要保障.本文,就对会计准则国际发展的利益关系进行分析,以期通过本文章的研究为我国的会计准则规范化和国际化发展提供有价值的理论参考.     

浅谈我国会计准则国际趋同的进程

会计准则的国际趋同是当前国际会计界讨论的热点问题,是会计国际化发展的必然趋势.中国要发展经济,就必须融入国际经济潮流中.本文阐述了会计准则国际趋同的定义,动因.在比较我国会计准则和国际会计准则的异同点的基础上分析我国会计准则国际趋同化的发展进程,并提出一些会计准则国际趋同的建议.     

浅议美国会计准则与国际会计准则的协调

美国会计准则与国际会计准则的协调是目前各国会计准则国际化关注的焦点。本文概述了美国会计准则与国际会计准则的协调过程，分析TFASB积极推进与国际会计准则协调所采取的措施，为我国会计准则的国际协调提供了一些启示[编者按]     

王军副部长出席国际会计准则咨询委员会会议

2月27-28日,国际会计准则委员会基金会咨询委员会在英国伦敦举行会议。财政部王军副部长作为该咨询委员会委员出席,并做主旨发言。王军副部长在发言中赞赏国际会计准则委员会及咨询委员会在推动会计准则国际趋同方面所做的努力和取得的巨大成绩,表示中国政府、财政部、中国会计准则委员会和他本人赞同并积极推动会计准则国际趋同,并就进一步推进会计准则国际趋同工作提出了若干主张。此次会议讨论了国际会计准则委员会工作计划制定程序、向各利益相关方征求意见的程序、准则的实施和解释等问题,通报了会计准则国际趋同进展,分组讨论了企业合…     

Politics, Processes and the Future of Australian Accounting Standards

The perspective of public interest and interest group theories of regulation is adopted to consider the future of Australian accounting standards following major reforms proposed by the Australian Commonwealth government as part of its 1997 Corporate Law Economic Reform Program (CLERP). Interest groups in the Australian environment are identified. Their lobbying had influenced the initial proposals; and their reactions when the CLERP proposals were published resulted in substantial modifications to the CLERP proposals, which had initially recommendedthat International Accounting Standards (IASs) be adopted as national standards from 1 January 1999.
The role of accounting standards and the structure of standard setting are explored. The political nature of standard setting is illustrated through a review of the CLERP proposals, submissions of various interest groups and the government's responses to them. The central arguments are that key assumptions underlying the CLERP proposals are flawed, and that the CLERP proposals could not achieve the outcomes desired of them.
It seems inevitable, however, that international standards eventually will supplant domestic standards. In the longer term, Australian standard setters seem destined to have a diminished role in the international standard setting arena.     

Disharmony in international accounting standards setting: The Chinese approach to accounting for business combinations

The paper addresses two distinct aspects of disharmony in international accounting standards setting. The first aspect relates to the political economic context of financial accounting standards. This is illustrated by the Chinese standards setters’ decision to allow the pooling of interests method of accounting for business combinations despite the prohibition of this method by both the FASB and the IASB. This decision by the Chinese standards setters appears to have been based on political economic factors related to the need for industrial reorganization in China rather than a desire to serve the needs of global capital markets. The second aspect of disharmony relates to the role played by differential understandings of the fundamental objectives of financial reporting in an international context. The IASB's goal of producing one set of global accounting standards to serve the needs of global capital markets has led to a reduction in the number of permissible accounting methods and a move towards the fair value accounting model. In particular, the IASB concluded that the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations should be the only method allowed for business combinations. In contrast, the Chinese standards setters have recognized the existence of both mergers and acquisitions, and in response they created two different methods of accounting for business combinations. Effectively, the Chinese standards setters developed an alternative approach to accounting for business combinations which challenges the IASB's goal of achieving international accounting convergence through the fair value model.     

Repoliticalization of accounting standard setting—The IASB,the EU and the global financial crisis

Since its inception, the IASB has been able to set standards with relatively little political influence in its governance or standard setting process. But this changed with the outbreak of the global financial crisis. Political bodies began to view accounting standards as a contributing factor that amplified the consequences of the crisis on banks, financial markets and the overall economy. Regaining control over accounting standard setting was seen as imperative. In this article, we investigate how the EU sought to gain control over the IASB and how the global standard setter responded to limit political influence. Our findings show that a re-balancing of power in favor of political interests has occurred between the stakeholders of international accounting standard setting. Further research in this area looks promising. We suspect that the heightened influence of political actors may lead to further power struggles and efforts to cope with on-going changes in the institutional environment.     

Development of accounting in Iran

The main purpose of this paper is to show the origin, growth and practice of accounting in Iran plus analysis of influential factors such as financial markets, tax policies, privatization, membership in the World Trade Organization, foreign investment, and legal systems. Documents of ancient Iran show that in 550 B.C. (Achaemenid era), all records of public revenues and costs were kept soundly and with remarkable accuracy. These documents display the relentless progress and development of accounting in Iran up until now (pre-Islamic era, post-Islamic era, and contemporary era). During the past two decades, various measures have been adopted to promote and advance accounting in Iran via harmonizing the domestic accounting practices with International norms and standards. Although Iran has employed International Accounting Standards as the basis for developing its National Accounting Standards, there are still some differences between Iranian and international standards, and there are some certain International Accounting Standards that are not applicable in Iran. A host of endemic factors, such as existing laws and rules, religious beliefs, culture, economic and political conditions, have influenced the National Accounting Standards setting processes.     

The Accounting Standard-Setting Process In Australia: A Preparer's Perspective

Preparers of financial statements have a vital interest in the development of the accounting standards which set out the requirements for disclosure. This paper discusses some elements of the standard-setting structure and focuses on the crucial question of international harmonisation of accounting standards.     

Auditing standards,increased accounting disclosure,and information asymmetry: Evidence from an emerging market

The interest in accounting disclosure and audit quality by academics, practitioners, and regulators heightened following the various financial reporting scandals, and subsequent legislative and professional response to these scandals. An important question is whether the implementation of stricter auditing standards such as those mandated by the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act would improve the information environment of firms whose shares are publicly traded. In this paper, I investigate the link between information asymmetry, measured by bid-ask spread, and increased accounting disclosures following the adoption of new auditing standards in China—an environment in which disclosure hitherto was relatively low. I report the following primary results of the statistical analyses. First, information asymmetry cost is substantial in the Chinese order-driven emerging markets. Second, the firms in the sample experienced significant reductions in their bid-ask spreads subsequent to the adoption of the new auditing standards. Third, the reductions in the bid-ask spreads were abrupt and permanent. However, no significant result is found for firms in the control group with foreign ownership, whose financial statements were prepared in accordance with international accounting standards and were audited with international auditing standards. The results have implications for policy makers and regulators in general, and those in emerging markets in particular.     

The political economy of financial harmonization: The East Asian financial crisis and the rise of international accounting standards

In the aftermath of the East Asian financial crisis, western nations established a new international financial architecture that relied upon enhanced financial transparency and international financial standards, including international financial reporting and auditing standards, to govern an expanding and crisis-prone international financial system. This paper examines the West’s response to financial crisis in the late 1990s and its implications for the rise and diffusion of international accounting standards from a theoretical perspective that blends institutional analysis and political economy. The aim is to understand how the history of accounting has both shaped and been shaped by transformations in the late 20th century international political economy where financial capital and the power of the financial sector play an increasingly central role in the process of accumulation.     

关于中国会计国际协调问题的思考——在中国会计学会第六次全国会员代表大会暨理论研讨会上的发言

<正> 这次召开中国会计学会第六次全国会员代表大会暨理论研讨会,各位会计理论工作者、会计教育工作者,还有会计实务工作者聚集一堂,共同探讨当前会计领域亟待研究的问题,意义非常重要,机会也很难得。在此,我想就工作中遇到的问题和自己的一些想法向大家作一汇报。 大家都知道,第16届世界会计师大会即将在香港举行。国际会计准则委员会要在这一会议前召开一     

论会计准则制定中的政府间博弈

会计准则具有经济后果,产生于不同会计准则的不同会计信息,会因此影响各利益集团的利益分配。因此会计准则的制定不是一种纯技术过程,而是各利益集团多次博弈达成的均衡结果。本文基于博弈论的视角,深入分析了会计准则制定中的政府间博弈,并就我国会计准则的国际趋同提出了一些建议。     

Political Influence and Coexistence of a Uniform Accounting System and Accounting Standards: Recent Developments in China

This article investigates the role of political influence, as well as accounting tradition and the equity market, in China's recent changes in accounting regulation. We find that the Chinese government, in part self-motivated and in part under external pressure, has been active in developing accounting standards in harmony with international accounting standards. However, it has retained a uniform accounting system in the Enterprise Accounting System issued in 2000 to accommodate the special circumstances of a transforming government, strong state-ownership, a weak accounting profession, a weak and imperfect equity market, and the inertial effect of accounting tradition and cultural factors. This article also contributes to existing models of accounting system classification by illustrating the need for considering political influence as a factor that affects the rate of transition towards full implementation of international accounting standards.