商业银行非标准化债权资产业务模式及监管研究--基于银行间市场的分析

在“去杠杆化、结构性改革和避免大规模刺激计划”的经济政策背景下，商业银行通过新型“非标准化债权资产”业务来面对愈加激烈的竞争环境和更加严格的监管政策。商业银行从事非标资产业务的模式有很多，本文主要讨论当前该业务在银行间市场中的主要形式———直接购买和买入返售非标资产业务的规模及发展规律。研究显示，商业银行非标资产业务除了增加流动性和信用风险外，还存在货币空转问题，且较强的业务替代性和刚性交易量也使监管变得愈加困难。鉴于此，监管机构可以通过增加业务透明度、促进资产证券化、促进金融机构合作、加强非银行金融机构监管等手段防止风险过度积聚引发银行系统性危机。     

“非标”转向

今年5月，业内传闻已久的“9号文”终于以127号文——《关于规范金融机构同业业务的通知》的面貌浮出水面。业内普遍认为，127号文的相关规定，将对银行运用同业业务对接非标资产的行为形成制约，同业项下非标资产的发展空间或将更加逼仄。     

“结构性钱紧”或将得到改善

正"钱紧"起因于金融机构资产结构调整利率市场化推动金融机构追求高收益近两年,金融市场最重要的关键词之一便是"非标",无论是银行自营、理财、信托还是保险都趋之若鹜。其背后重要的原因是利率市场化背景下,金融机构对于高收益资产的渴望。银行自营,非标投资如火如荼。自2011年以后,同业渠道成为银行投资非标的最重要的渠道。不少银行购买了大量无流动性的非标资产,目前银行同业资产超过10万亿元,2013年中报的上市银行买人返售资产高达5.3万亿元,其中票据和信托受益权     

非标资产投资业务转型路径

存量非标资产处置,内部方式主要包括开放新产品对接非标资产和非标产品回表;外部方式主要包括提前结清和自然到期、市场化转让和资产证券化“非标资产”在特定时期受到市场广泛欢迎在商业银行资金出表的强烈意愿推动下,我国非标资产规模在特定历史时期曾经飞速增长。“非标资产”投资业务是特殊历史时期的产物,其快速发展的背后,既有深刻的内生原因(满足银行监管套利需求),也有必然的外在因素(满足企业融资需求)。     

利率市场化与中国银行业非标业务的发展

非标准化债权资产（以下简称“非标资产”）是指未在银行间市场及证券交易所市场交易的债权性资产，包括但不限于信贷资产、信托贷款、委托债权、承兑汇票、信用证、应收账款、各类受（收）益权、带回购条款的股权性融资等。鉴于主要分析银行业非标业务发展，因而本文所分析的非标资产不包括信贷资产等。     

不良资产经营模式探究——基于资产管理公司合理利用“自有资金+合作方劣后资金+外部机构型理财资金”经营盘活不良资产的视角

银行等金融机构通过剥离不良资产降低不良率,换取资产的流动性,以规避流动性风险.而从银行接棒不良资产的资产管理公司所经营的传统不良资产业务则具有逆周期性、投资周期长、现金流回收不稳定以及长远利益不确定等特点.资产管理公司如何实现传统不良资产业务收购处置过程中的“资产流”与“现金流”有效配置,避免现金流短缺风险的发生？在当前经济增速持续下滑、资产处置环境较差的情况下,资产管理公司既要注重传统不良资产收购处置经营模式,同时也要进行经营模式创新.研究表明资产管理公司合理利用“自有资金+合作方劣后资金+外部机构型理财资金”经营盘活不良资产,是其实现资产合理流动,提高核心业务盈利能力和核心竞争力的重要创新经营模式.     

基层资产管理业务的发展现状、主要问题及相关建议

本文以荆州市银行、证券、保险等金融机构资产管理业务发展情况为切入点,分析了当前资管业务发展所面临的问题,以及资产管理监管新趋势对基层金融机构的影响、资产管理业务快速发展对信贷政策调控和供给侧结构性改革的影响,并对金融机构资产管理业务的规范发展提出相关建议。     

拓展债券市场业务是中小金融机构发展的战略选择

银行间债券市场业务具有流动性、安全性和盈利性的特点。中小金融机构参与债券市场业务,可实现资产结构的调整和优化,提高资金的使用效率,培育新的利润增长点,加快业务发展。     

同业监管新规与商业银行非标业务

正编者按:近年来,我国金融机构同业业务呈现爆发式的发展势头,同业业务在资产和负债规模方面均实现大幅增长,在业务规模快速增长的同时,金融同业业务发展中的一些问题也逐渐显现出来,增加了金融系统风险,一定程度上影响了宏观调控和金融监管的效果。与此同时,金融机构非标业务发展迅速,虽然存在诸多风险,但其超高的收益率还是让银行"难以割舍"。由于不受表外对非标理财产品的规模的限制,商业银行通过与其他银行业金融机构的配合,对信贷额度进行表内表外挪腾,使得201 3年初针对理财产品监管的8号文的效果大幅度削弱。在此背景下,201 4年5月1 6日,五部门联合发布了《关于规范金融机构同业业务的通知》("127号文"),银监会也在随后出台了1 40文以配合127号文共同对商业银行的同业业务和非标业务进行规范。相比于之前网上风传的"9号文"相比,127号文在同业业务定量约束上明显减轻,但对于监管范围、业务形式的规范性要求、资本实质性计量要求以及监管范围均进行了更有针对性的界定。1 40号文主要对同业专营部门制进行了说明,涵盖了包括分支机构不得经营同业业务、专营部门不得转授权等具体要求。     

利率市场化进程下地方法人金融机构流动性分类管理探析

流动性风险管理是金融机构稳健经营的核心内容,特别是在利率市场化进程加速推进和金融同业业务逐步规范的形势下,金融机构资金来源成本及资金运用渠道都发生明显变化,无论是对金融监管部门和金融机构自身都提出了更高的流动性管理要求。地方法人金融机构与大型金融机构相比,资产规模较小,融资渠道有限,流动性风险具有其特殊性,管理难度往往更大。本文针对地方法人金融机构流动性风险的特殊性,基于流动性指标和资产负债结构分析了城市商业银行、农村商业银行和村镇银行三类地方法人金融机构流动性特征及应对能力,并从监管角度和经营角度对地方法人金融机构流动性分类管理和防范风险提出建议。     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:     

The China puzzle: Opportunities for accounting research

How can China achieve phenomenal economic growth despite what is considered as 'weak' institutions in market-based economies? Xu(2011) provides a framework to u...     

Aims and Scope

<正>The focus of the China Journal of Accounting Research is to publish theoretical and empirical research papers that use contemporary research methodologies to...     

Income smoothing and the cost of debt

The literature on income smoothing focuses on the effect of earnings smoothing on the equity market.This paper investigates the effect of income smoothing on th...     

The case for management history

This article defines the case for treating management history as a discrete subject area, although one closely related to business, accounting, labour, and industrial history. It seeks to concentrate on the nature, process, and practice of management as an activity within the organization, and to argue that it is important that modern British managers understand the intellectual and cultural roots of their profession, since without these they will tend to be swayed by short-term management 'fads'. Within the broad topic there are several identifiable sub-areas for potential exploration, including the comparative historical development of management between different countries, management institutions, managerial careers and labour markets, management structures, management skills, and management thought and theory.     

Cost accounting standard and cost accounting systems in Japan. Lessons from the past - recovering lost traditions

This paper aims to show two things. The first is how Japanese culture has contributed to the development of Japanese cost accounting history. The second is to reveal the research possibilities of cost accounting history. This paper also reviews the salient features of several important examples of these aspects of cost accounting practice in Japan. It therefore explores, through some practical illustrations, how and why Japanese cost accounting differs from that found in the West.     

The life and career of John Spence Ogilvy (1805-71), the first chartered accountant to emigrate to Australia

So far as the available evidence allows, this paper examines the life and career of John Spence Ogilvy, foundation member of the Society of Accountants in Edinburgh in 1854, who emigrated to Melbourne in 1856, but did not play a part in the development of an organized accounting profession in Australia. The paper also attempts to explain the gap of thirty-two years between the formation of the first accounting bodies in Edinburgh and Melbourne.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

【正】The China Journal of Accounting Research‘‘CJAR’’(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditin...     

Shared Standard Setting in the Public Interest:A Strong Model

正The last two decades have been a definitive era in the evolution of the accountancy profession.In the wake of major corporate scandals at the turn of the century,an international public debate arose on the need for more effective and well-considered regulation;this debate then reignited during the global financial and sovereign debt crises.