企业合并会计处理方法的经济后果比较与现实选择

本文以我国2006年新颁布的企业合并会计准则为研究对象。比较了购买法与权益结合法两种会计处理方法所产生的不同经济后果,指出这两类企业合并的会计处理方法在我国并存的现实原因。     

企业合并会计方法选择及其经济后果分析

企业合并中不同的合并会计方法会导致不同的会计结果以致不同的经济后果,甚至会影响到企业合并的顺利进行,文章在比较购买法和权益结合法对财务报表和财务指标的不同影响后,分析了两种合并会计方法产生的不同经济后果,最后对如何规范和完善企业合并会计政策提出了建议     

会计稳健性的经济后果研究述评

会计稳健性是一项由来已久且备受争议的会计惯例,近年来以FASB为代表的会计准则制定机构对其所持的否定态度引发了学术界针对会计稳健性经济后果的研究热潮。本文在总结述评研究现状的基础上,从研究背景和研究方法等方面探讨未来的研究方向,认为国内外有关会计稳健性经济后果的研究成果主要集中在会计稳健性的融资效用和投资效用两个方面,分别检验了会计稳健性的债务融资效用和权益融资效用,考察了会计稳健性对现有投资项目和未来投资项目的影响,但我国特殊的制度环境为会计稳健性经济后果的研究提供了新的机遇,有助于更为全面地认识会计稳健性在不同经济环境中所发挥的作用,公司层面会计稳健性的计量方法、会计稳健性的投融资效用的形成机理以及会计稳健性与其他公司治理机制在发挥投融资效用时的相互关系都值得深入研究。     

会计计量属性选择与信息披露的经济后果分析

会计信息披露具有经济后果,选择不同的计量属性会对会计信息披露产生影响,从而影响到利益相关者的利益格局。本文结合我国会计计量属性的演进,基于上市公司的数据,对计量属性的选择与会计信息披露的经济后果进行分析。     

并购会计方法的信息质量和经济后果比较分析

企业合并是公认的会计三大难题之一。其中最主要的两种会计处理方法：权益结合法和购买法的应用一直存在着很多争议。本文首先从两种方法所提供的会计信息质量及其产生的经济后果进行比较分析，近而结合并购会计方法选用的原则和国际惯例，从我国合并资产的质量问题出发，建议取消权益结合法，采用以可辨认净资产公允价值代替的购买法。     

会计稳健性视域下新会计准则实施的经济后果实证研究——基于2007—2011年沪深股市A股经验数据

文章对新会计准则实施以来(2007—2011)我国A股上市公司会计的稳健性是否提高作了回归系数检验,采用具有显著性的稳健性系数作为会计准则经济后果的替代变量,对会计准则经济后果与企业管理当局、投资者、债权人以及国外投资者之间的相关系数作了检验,并得出相应结论。     

会计准则变革对企业理念与行为影响的多视角分析

会计准则变革不仅对财务报告和资本市场产生影响,还对企业理念和企业行为产生重要影响。本文以经济后果理论为基础,结合当前主流实证研究成果,不仅从会计观念、会计确认、计量、报告和具体准则等会计准则变革的多视角,还基于会计行为、财务行为、评价和治理等企业行为的多视角,分析了会计准则变革对企业理念和行为产生的影响。通过分析发现,会计准则变革引导企业面向资本市场进行价值创造、立足股东利益关注企业长远发展,进而促进企业融资、投资、分配、评价、治理等行为的优化。本文的研究对于完善会计准则的制定,充分发挥会计准则对企业管理的优化作用具有重要价值,并在一定程度上拓展了会计在微观企业层面的影响范畴。     

企业成本费用粘性:文献回顾与展望

对成本(费用)粘性的研究不仅有助于揭示企业的成本管理行为这一“黑箱”,而且为管理会计与财务会计之间的相互作用研究建立起了一座桥梁.本文首先回顾了企业成本费用粘性产生的成因及其经济后果、以及对其存在性质疑的相关研究,然后对现有研究进行了简要述评,最后在结合我国制度背景的基础上提出了我国未来可供研究的方向.     

基于经济后果的企业合并会计方法选择研究

企业并购的发展又严重影响着合并会计研究,进而,控制着企业合并会计方法的选择,基于选择不同合并会计方法将产生不同的会计结果以致出现不同的经济后果。所以说企业合并会计方法的选择是一项非常中重要的任务,不仅会影响到并购后企业的经营成果以及财务情况,使其经营后果具有明显差异,而且将对企业的价值以及决策行为产生深远影响。     

论会计的技术观与政治程序观

目前,理论界关于会计属性的观点大体可划分为"技术观"和"非技术观"两类,其中,"非技术观"又包括经济后果观和政治程序观两种。本文认为,会计的政治程序观在一定程度上是经济后果观的直接延伸。在着重分析会计的技术观和政治程序观的基础上,得出以下结论 :会计首先体现为一个技术过程,但会计又不仅仅是一个技术过程,它还是一个政治过程,技术性是会计的基本属性,而政治性则是会计的衍生属性。     

论企业合并理论框架对会计实务的影响

随着全球经济一体化和资本国际化的不断发展，我国也随之发生大量企业合并案例。企业合并带来了一系列的会计问题。本文就目前会计界处理企业合并业务普遍采用的购买法和权益法，从会计实务处理、对财务报表分析的影响、对投资者的影响等几个方面进行了对比分析，最终得出选择合并会计方法对经济后果影响极大的结论。     

论企业合并会计政策选择

尽管目前人们对权益集合法和购买法对公司股价的差异性影响及资源配置效率的影响尚缺乏充分的论证,但从实际来看,许多公司运用构造交易方式实施权益集合法,导致了权益集合法的滥用.这不仅不符合实质重于形式原则,也为公司利用会计政策选择操纵盈余提供了便利.为此,FASB和IASB已经改变了原先对权益集合法加以严格限制的策略,转而完全取消权益集合法.我国在制定企业合并会计准则时,应当明确规定对所有合并采用购买法核算,并对公允价值的确定加以规范和严格监管.     

对权益结合法与购买法的关系疏理及其思考

企业合并会计处理方法的规范与选择曾被认定为国际四大会计难题之一,在会计学术界引起了广泛的关注和讨论。研究成果主要集中在对购买法与权益结合法的经济后果的对比分析以及对权益结合法的存废之争上,而对二者相互关系的历史变迁的研究尚不多见。从美国企业合并会计准则的历史沿革来看,权益结合法与购买法之间的关系经历了从互补到交叉再到互斥最后到统一的变化历程。我国目前正处于购买法与权益结合法互斥共存的二元格局。从中国经济的发展趋势来看,预计我国最终也会取消权益结合法而统一使用购买法来处理企业并购实务。     

Disharmony in international accounting standards setting: The Chinese approach to accounting for business combinations

The paper addresses two distinct aspects of disharmony in international accounting standards setting. The first aspect relates to the political economic context of financial accounting standards. This is illustrated by the Chinese standards setters’ decision to allow the pooling of interests method of accounting for business combinations despite the prohibition of this method by both the FASB and the IASB. This decision by the Chinese standards setters appears to have been based on political economic factors related to the need for industrial reorganization in China rather than a desire to serve the needs of global capital markets. The second aspect of disharmony relates to the role played by differential understandings of the fundamental objectives of financial reporting in an international context. The IASB's goal of producing one set of global accounting standards to serve the needs of global capital markets has led to a reduction in the number of permissible accounting methods and a move towards the fair value accounting model. In particular, the IASB concluded that the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations should be the only method allowed for business combinations. In contrast, the Chinese standards setters have recognized the existence of both mergers and acquisitions, and in response they created two different methods of accounting for business combinations. Effectively, the Chinese standards setters developed an alternative approach to accounting for business combinations which challenges the IASB's goal of achieving international accounting convergence through the fair value model.     

基本养老保险全国统筹可能性分析

我国现行基本养老保险制度基本上是一种县（市）统筹和省级统筹的区域分割格局，全国统筹是我国基本养老保险制度的最终目标。本文运用定性与定量结合的研究方法，试图通过对我国基本养老保险全国统筹的政治条件、经济条件和财政条件分析，进而探索我国基本养老保险如何创设制度和管理条件，最终实现我国基本养老保险全国统筹。     

非寿险业实施《企业会计准则解释第2号》的预期经济后果分析

保险业全面实施<企业会计准则解释第2号>,是中国保险业和保险会计准则发展史上新的里程碑,它的实施必然会产生一定的经济后果.人们在对经济后果思考的同时,也对新准则的执行效力和是否能推动中国保险业持续与稳定发展表示担忧.本文首先归纳和总结非寿险业实施保险新会计准则的预期正面经济后果,其次探讨其实施新准则的预期负面经济后果,...     

TO PURCHASE OR TO POOL: DOES IT MATTER?

The recent decision by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to eliminate pooling accounting for acquisitions raises several important questions: Does the choice of “purchase” or “pooling” affect firm valuations? How do differences in goodwill and its amortization affect cash flow and price/earnings multiples? How has the market reacted to purchase and pooling acquisition announcements? The authors' new research suggests that the market already judges mergers and acquisitions based on fundamental economics, not on GAAP earnings. In a study of 1,442 large acquisitions in the 1990s, the authors find that, in the first month after the announcement of pooled transactions, the acquirer's stock fell by an average of almost 4%. By contrast, the market reaction to purchase acquisitions was extremely favorable, with a 3% positive abnormal return in the first month. But what about the ongoing effect of goodwill amortization on values? In the second part of their two-part study, the authors report that the P/E multiples of acquirers reporting increases in goodwill amortization increase significantly following the acquisitions, and that the increases in P/E are large enough to offset the negative impact of goodwill amortization on earnings. Moreover, the authors also tested for and were unable to find any evidence of a market bias against balance sheet goodwill as an indicator of future amortization charges. The authors thus conclude that changes in accounting for acquisitions should not be a concern for acquirers, and that the elimination of pooling should have no lasting impact on corporate strategic decisions or M&A activity. Nevertheless, they do suggest that companies with significant goodwill would benefit from making their amortization transparent in their financial statements by, for example, breaking out amortization from depreciation on their income statements.     

The relationship between business strategy, management control systems and performance: Evidence from China

Over the past two decades, China has emerged as a global economic power, ranking behind only the USA, Japan and Germany. China's continuous global economic power has therefore prompted a surge in interest in understanding Chinese business practices. This paper reports on the results of a survey on the contingent relationship between business strategy, management control systems (MCS) and performance in Chinese Enterprises. The analysis is based on data gathered from 215 enterprises operating within the Xinjiang autonomous region of China. For those firms that were classified as pursuing differentiation strategy, the use of more non-financial based MCS has a positive effect on performance and this finding is consistent with the literature. We also found that for those firms classified as pursuing a low cost strategy, the use of more financial based MCS had a positive effective on performance as suggested in the literature. Our research has implications for understanding management accounting practices in Chinese enterprises.     

Extractive industries accounting and economic consequences: Past,present and future

Accounting for the extractive industries has been a contested issue for decades as a result of a choice of different methods of costing available and the economic impacts of these methods on companies’ financial results. When the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) embarked on its extractive industries project in 1998, it attempted to create uniform accounting practices. An archival study of constituent responses to the IASB's Issues Paper revealed that the economic consequences argument was relied upon again to argue for retaining choice. The IASB's international accounting standard, IFRS 6, issued in 2004, once again permitted choice between methods, illustrating the effectiveness of the economic consequences argument in perpetuating past practice.     

中国的利率体系与利率市场化改革

利率对宏观经济均衡和资源配置有重要导向意义。央行确定政策利率要符合经济规律、宏观调控和跨周期设计需要。目前,中国的真实利率略低于经济增速,处于较为合理水平。中国已形成较为完整的市场化利率体系,主要通过货币政策工具调节银行体系流动性,释放政策利率调控信号,在利率走廊的辅助下,引导市场基准利率以政策利率为中枢运行,并通过银行体系传导至贷款利率,调节和优化资源配置,实现货币政策目标。中国具备继续实施正常货币政策的条件,将尽可能地延长正常货币政策的时间,目前不需要实施资产购买操作。在市场化利率体系中,收益率曲线非常重要,它反映利率由短及长的期限结构,可为各类金融产品和市场主体提供定价参考。收益率曲线的短端为货币市场基准利率,直接受央行货币政策操作的影响;长端则为国债收益率,主要反映市场对未来宏观经济走势的预期。经过多年发展,我国的国债收益率曲线应用日益广泛,整体趋于成熟,而在市场基础方面还有进一步提升的空间。