试析房地产投资房地产企业债务融资来源结构优化

本篇文章首先对债务融资来源结构的基本内容进行概述,从规模结构方面、期限结构方面、来源结构方面三个方面,对房地产企业债务融资存在的问题进行解析,并以此为依据,提出房地产企业债务融资结构优化对策.希望通过本文的阐述,可以给相关领域提供些许的参考.     

减税政策对小微企业债务期限结构的影响

本文主要探讨减税政策对小微企业债务期限结构的影响。理论上,减税政策对企业债务期限结构产生两种方向相反的效果:一是减税后企业盈利状况改善,激励银行通过延长债务期限以争取企业客户;二是减税后企业可支配现金流增加,加剧银行与企业间的委托代理问题,促使银行缩短债务期限以便加强企业监督。本文以所得税减半征收政策作为自然实验,基于全国税收调查数据库(2010-2015)考察了减税政策对小微企业债务期限结构的影响。实证结果显示:减税后企业的债务期限整体得以延长;如果减税后企业的盈利状况改善更多,或可支配现金流增长更缓,企业债务期限延长幅度更大。此外,本文发现在快速扩张行业、有产能过剩风险行业以及房地产上下游关联行业中的企业往往会因为较强的代理成本效应而面临减税后债务期限的边际缩短。本文研究结论对改善企业融资结构,特别对提高小微企业获取中长期贷款能力,有一定的参考意义。     

浅析企业债务期限结构对企业价值的影响

资金不仅是企业发展过程中必不可少的元素,也是生产经营活动的核心要素。在资本市场发展日趋成熟的今天,筹措资金的方式越发多样化,而债务融资依旧是企业最为重要的融资方式之一。但是,债务资金的引入也不是万能的,融资方式不同,债务期限的长短也不同;债务期限结构不同,对企业发展的影响程度也会不同,债务期限结构对公司价值的影响主要是通过企业融资成本、财务风险、融资结构弹性和投资行为等方面而产生的。因此,本文主要从这几方面探讨了企业债务期限结构对企业价值的影响。     

企业战略激进程度与债务期限结构北大核心CSSCI

本文以2005-2017年中国A股上市公司为样本,实证检验企业战略激进程度对债务期限结构的影响及其影响机理。结果发现,在不同战略下,企业债权人、股东和管理层对债务期限结构的偏好具有明显差异,债务期限结构是各方博弈的结果:企业战略越激进,债务期限结构越短;这一决策以增加流动性风险为代价降低企业信息不对称程度和代理成本,同时也有助于企业在激进战略下灵活调整资本结构和降低融资成本。     

债务期限结构与企业价值的相关性分析——来自我国A股农业上市公司的经验证据

本文基于我国A股农业上市公司2003年至2008年数据,通过建立联立方程,运用相关分析与回归分析,对债务期限与企业价值之间的关系进行进行理论分析与实证研究.结果表明,债务期限结构对企业价值有正效应,即长期债务的增加有利于企业价值的提升,债务期限结构的治理在农业上市公司中表现出一定程度的有效性,有利于提高企业价值.     

法制环境、管理者能力与企业债务契约

本文从管理者能力的视角出发,选取2010-2018年沪、深A股上市公司为样本,实证分析了管理者能力对债务契约的影响及其影响路径。研究证明:管理者能力越强,企业的债务期限结构越短、债务融资成本越低。进一步研究发现,在不同的法制环境中,二者的关系存在异质性,即管理者能力对债务期限结构、债务融资成本的影响在法制环境较高的地区较为显著。本文丰富了企业债务契约的影响因素,探寻了管理者能力影响债务期限结构、债务融资成本的路径。     

论金融工具在融资结构优化中的作用

一、企业融资结构分析(一)融资结构构成融资结构是指企业通过不同渠道筹集资金的有机组合以及各种资金所占的具体比例。它是资产负债表中的基本内容,主要包括短期负债、长期负债和所有者权益等项目。企业的融资结构揭示了企业产权的归属和债务保证程度。因此任何影响风险企业融资来源、融资方式、融资数量的因素都会对风险企业融资结构优化问题产生影响。合理有效的融资结构应该在融资成本、融资风险、融资弹性、融资期限等方面进行综合评价。首先,融资成本。又称资金成本,是风险企业债权融资与股权融资的加权平均数。它是评价企业融资结构是否最优的重要指标,并且可以精确求得。最优的融资结构应该在融资总量一定的条件下,加权融资成本最低。其次,融资风险。融资风险是企业因债务融资而导致的风险。主要表现为企业使用债务时发生到期难以还本付息的风险,这种风险将由终极所有者和普通股股东承担。再次,融资弹性。融资弹性是企业根据经营和理财业务变化的需要,能够随时清欠、退还和转换所融资金的可能性。最后,融资期限。融资期限主要针对贷款、债券等有偿还期限的融资方式,若债务到期,而企业现金流转困难,企业往往会招致破产或被兼并的命运。(二)融资结构优化标准企业在进行融资时,应...     

战略性新兴产业企业融资效率实证分析--以甘肃省为例

融资效率是衡量企业资金投入效果的核心标准。文章基于企业融资结构视角,选取2010年1季度-2015年3季度10家甘肃省战略性新兴产业上市公司样本,运用面板数据模型实证分析了甘肃省战略性新兴产业企业融资效率。实证结果表明：甘肃省战略性新兴产业企业债务融资效率最高,内源融资效率次之,股权融资效率不显著;不同期限的债务中,短期债务与企业利润负相关,长期债务则与企业利润正相关。最后,文章提出了加大银行信贷支持、拓宽资本市场融资渠道以及提升企业自身价值的建议。     

房贷政策、融资结构与财务绩效--基于129家房地产上市公司的证据

目前我国房地产上市公司资产负债率的均值介于[64%~67%]之间,如此高的资产负债率对公司财务绩效有很大的影响。从债务融资结构角度出发,结合当前我国房地产上市公司的实际,实证分析的结果为：我国房地产上市公司最优的短期借款率介于[17.8%~24.9%]之间,长期借款率与财务绩效并不存在显著的线性、二次、三次方关系,最优的房屋预售款率应介于[30.7%~41.9%]之间,商业信用率应控制在[0~42.8%]之间,同时,财务绩效与企业债券率呈正相关。因此,优化房地产上市公司债务融资结构应该合理协调债务融资结构中各个指标的比率,充分利用房贷政策及时调整融资手段、积极发行中期票据,适当运用税务筹划手段,建立适应政府宏观调控和市场变化的内部融资机制。     

河南省上市公司债务融资和公司绩效相关性研究

文章以沪深两市河南省上市公司2008年~2010年的数据对债务融资结构与公司绩效的关系进行了实证研究,将债务融资结构细分为债务融资水平结构、债务融资期限结构和债务融资类型结构,与其公司绩效的关系进行了实证研究,希望通过研究能够对我省的资本市场提供一些参考意义.     

The unintended consequence of collateral-based financing: Evidence from corporate cost behavior

This paper examines how real estate appreciation correspondingly changes collateral value, which affects debt structure choices and consequent operating decisions. Specifically, we explore whether collateral-based financing provides a link between real estate values and corporate cost behavior. Our baseline results show that an appreciation of a firm’s real estate assets alleviates its cost stickiness. A further analysis shows that this influence is stronger for firms with less prior bank debt, less dependence on external financing, and a lower leverage ratio. We also observe that the impact of collateral shocks on cost stickiness is more pronounced when selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs create less future value for mature firms and for firms with weaker external governance. Collectively, our results support the argument that an increase in bank debt arising from collateral value appreciation mitigates agency problems and thus lessens cost stickiness.     

对中国上市公司债务期限影响因素的实证研究——基于面板数据的因子分析和回归分析

国内外诸多学者已经开始从代理成本、税盾作用、信息不对称等角度来研究影响债务融资期限的各种因素。但综合各种因素来考察企业融资期限结构影响的研究却相对较弱。以中国546家A股的上市公司最近9年相关数据为样本,从企业规模、财务杠杆、债务税率、清算比率和资产期限等因素对企业融资期限结构的影响做因子分析和回归分析后,指出代理成本等理论对中国上市公司债务期限解释是有限的。     

Real Estate Risk,Corporate Investment and Financing Choice

This paper empirically examines how real estate risk impacts corporate investment and financing decisions. Using a panel of United States firms from 1985 to 2013, we document that real estate risk is negatively associated with firms’ long-term investments and long-term external financing in equity and debt. The results are robust to different risk measurements and in particular salient during the financial crisis period when the endogeneity between risk and investment is less of a concern. The effect on firm leverage, however, depends on risk measures. Overall, in contrast to previously documented positive effects of the real estate value, real estate risk exposure exhibits mostly the opposite effects on investment, financing and capital structure. This difference is consistent with option value determinants. Findings in this paper shed new lights on the impact of real estate holding on corporate decisions, offer a new explanation for the underperformance of hedge funds’ real estate strategies, and confirm the theoretical predictions in Deng et al. (2015).     

Optimization of a firm's capital structure: A quantitative approach based on a probabilistic prognosis of risk and time of bankruptcy

This article develops a new probabilistic approach to the problem of optimization of a firm's capital structure. The main idea of the approach is straightforward. As a possible firm's bankruptcy is the principal factor restricting the amount of borrowed capital, we assess the probabilities of bankruptcy at various time horizons in the future dependent on the proportion of debt capital and other indices of a firm's current financial position and then calculate how these probabilities influence the firm's value.We identify a set of factors determining conditions of existence and the value of the optimal debt/equity ratio. These include the characteristics of a firm's debt (proportion of short-term component of the debt, cost of service, and maturity horizons of long-term component), characteristics of a firm's ability to pay the debt, and some macroeconomic factors.We represent dependencies of optimal debt/equity ratio and gains in a firm's value on the main influencing factors.The approach is based on real data of real firms and does not use superfluously formalized models. We believe it can be used in practical capital structure decisions although specific calculations must be fulfilled for each firm that needs such decision.     

房地产上市公司融资模式对投资行为的影响

借鉴 Aivazianetal 简化投资模型建立了融资模式对投资行为影响的理论模型,基于1998~2012年的面板数据,实证研究不同产权属性和不同规模房地产上市公司融资模式对投资行为的影响。研究发现：房地产上市公司的债务融资会促使投资增长,而股权融资会减少投资,内源性融资与投资行为的相关性并不显著;国有房地产上市公司的投资行为更加积极;大规模房地产上市公司受外部融资约束更强。为此,应完善房地产上市公司治理结构、拓宽融资渠道。     

Leverage and Taxes: Evidence from the Real Estate Industry

Finance theory has long viewed corporate income taxes as a potentially important determinant of corporate financing decisions and capital structures. But finance academics have been unable to provide convincing empirical evidence of a material effect of taxes on corporate leverage, in part because of difficulties in constructing an effective proxy for marginal corporate tax rates, and hence for the tax benefits of debt, for large samples of individual companies. The authors address this by analyzing leverage decisions in an industry whose publicly traded entities are organized either as taxable corporations, or as real estate investment trusts (REITs) that effectively avoid entity level taxation. This enables them to measure the relative tax benefits of debt with greater precision while controlling for important nontax characteristics that affect debt usage. The tax hypothesis predicts that for real estate firms with similar asset portfolios, taxable firms should have more debt than their nontaxable counterparts. Both the nontaxable and the taxable real estate firms in our sample routinely have more than twice the leverage of industrial firms, which suggests that factors other than taxes are contributing to their use of debt. But among real estate firms, tax status appears to play a much weaker role. Taxable firms have significantly more leverage only after 2000, when restrictions on REITs were removed through new regulations that made their operations much more like those of taxable real estate firms. Our findings also depend on real estate characteristics—most notably, only residential real estate firms demonstrated differences that are consistent with the tax hypothesis. Taken together, the authors’ findings suggest that although taxes do seem to matter, their role is clearly secondary relative to factors such as the nature of the firm’s assets. A generous interpretation of our evidence puts the effect of taxes between one‐third and one‐half of that implied by prior research.     

控制权竞争和公司债务期限结构研究

基于2004-2015年中国上市公司数据,实证检验控制权竞争是否影响公司债务期限结构。结果发现：控股股东持股比例与债务期限显著负相关;多个大股东并存会提高公司长期债务比例;股权竞争性越强,长期债务比例越高。这些结论与理论假设相符,既证实了内外部公司治理的密切联系,也说明控制权竞争有助于形成更为合理的债务期限结构。     

Determinants of corporate debt maturity in South America: Do institutional quality and financial development matter?

We test whether a country's level of financial development or institutional quality (or both) has a first‐order effect on corporate debt maturity decisions on a sample of 359 non-financial firms from five South American countries over a 12‐year period. We find that there is a substantial dynamic component in the determination of a firm's debt maturity, and firms face moderate adjustment frictions toward their optimal maturities. More importantly, the level of financial development does not influence debt maturity, whereas the institutional quality of a country has a significant positive effect on the level of long-term debt in a firm's financial structure. Our results support the hypothesis that the quality of national institutions is an important determinant of corporate financing in general and of debt maturity in particular.     

债务结构优化与企业创新——基于企业债券融资视角的研究

本文在我国保持宏观杠杆率基本稳定及实施创新驱动发展战略的现实背景下,从债券融资的视角,探讨债务结构优化对企业创新的影响。研究发现,债券融资与企业创新之间显著正相关,表明债券融资优化企业债务结构、提升企业创新能力的积极作用占据主导地位。进一步研究表明:(1)债券融资能够通过降低整体债务融资成本并延长整体债务期限促进企业创新;(2)债券融资对于银行贷款存在溢出效应,即企业通过债券融资,还能降低银行贷款利率、延长银行贷款期限,进而促进企业创新;(3)产品市场竞争和代理问题会在一定程度上削弱债券融资对企业创新的促进作用;(4)不同类型的债券对企业创新能力的作用存在异质性,债券发行的便利性是其影响企业创新的一个重要因素。