金融状况指数的动态特征及其有效性研究

运用三区制马尔科夫转换模型,考量中国金融状况指数(FCI)的动态变化特征,并采用变参数状态空间模型,研究金融运行对实体经济发展的有效作用程度。结果发现：中国金融状况具有敏感的区制转换特征以及明显的非对称性特征,从而导致了其有效性不断变化;金融运行的有效作用程度在0.3~0.4之间波动,整体上对实体经济发展的有效性呈现增强态势。     

基于区制转移模型的金融周期时变特征研究

基于由金融资产价格、金融规模和金融景气三个维度构成的金融周期指数,考量金融周期的阶段性特征,在马尔科夫区制转换模型加入自回归项,利用金融周期的自回归进行区制转换,刻画出金融周期的区制特征,选取最优Copula函数对金融周期和经济周期的关联性特征.结果表明:中国金融周期分为三个较为明显的阶段;中国金融周期分为扩张和收缩两种状态,且扩张和收缩两种状态都具有极高的稳定性;滞后2阶的金融周期和经济周期之间有较强的正相关关系.     

我国金融不稳定性及其对宏观经济非对称影响分析北大核心CSSCISSCI

本文首先通过马尔科夫区制转移的多元动态因子模型,得到能够反映我国金融系统内在不稳定性的潜在不可观测因子,分析了我国金融系统在"金融不稳定区制"和"金融稳定区制"下的不同特征;其次,本文以"金融不稳定性假说"、"金融加速器理论"等研究为理论基础,通过一个特定的马尔科夫区制转移的自回归模型MSIAH(M)-ARX(P)研究了我国金融系统不稳定性对宏观经济的非对称影响。实证结果表明,我国金融系统具有内在的周期不稳定性,并且在不同的经济增长状态下这种金融不稳定性对宏观经济的影响具有非对称性,在"高速增长"阶段对经济具有显著的正向放大作用,而在"适速增长"阶段的影响不显著。     

中国货币状况指数与未观测货币金融状况指数——理论设计、实证方法与货币政策意义

本文基于货币状况指数理论与国际实践经验,测算出1978～2005年的中国货币状况指数,首次采用未观测净金融投资占均衡GDP的比率与未观测跨境流动资金占贸易总额的比率分别替代民间利率和黑市汇率,构建了中国的未观测货币金融状况指数。在此基础上,通过拟合货币状况指数和未观测货币金融状况指数之间的关系模型发现:未观测货币金融状况指数基本能够反映未观测金融对货币运行的扰动程度,对货币政策操作和宏观调控具有实践启示。     

基于LogiSfic模型的中国金融成长分析

本文从金融成长规模和金融成长效率两个维度，选取多个指标．根据1979年～2011年中国金融相关数据，利用主成分分析方法，综合测度出中国金融成长水平指数，然后依据该指数，利用Logistic模型，定位中国金融成长历史坐标，以期能够深入认识中国金融所处的阶段，为中国金融改革发展提供理论支持。     

中美金融波动的协动性及风险传导路径分析

本文首先通过SVAR模型构建了中美两国金融状况指数来表征金融波动,其次用马尔可夫区制转换模型将其划分为繁荣和萧条两种状态,由此构建了反映两国金融波动同步性的协动指数(SI),最后用因子分析和门限回归分析了两国金融风险的传导路径。研究表明,中美金融波动周期长度接近,但呈现出截然不同的非对称特征。中美金融波动协动性及其风险传导路径会随着外部冲击和内部矛盾情势的变化而变化。门限回归结果显示,贸易因子在各区制内均显著,是两国金融联系的基础。金融协动性较低时,汇率因子是金融风险传导的主要途径。随着协动性提高进入中等水平,资产和利率因子成为主导。当协动性到达高区制时,股票和房价等资产因子仍是两国金融联系和风险传导的主通道,但与调控政策相关的汇率和利率因子开始显现出对风险的抵御作用,相关政策协调有助于抑制风险传导。     

中国金融压力与经济增长的动态关联研究

本文依据有代表性的金融指标的结构化特点,构建具有时效性的金融压力指数以识别中国金融体系的压力,运用马尔可夫区制转移模型(MS-VAR)研究中国金融体系压力的区制特征,并利用Granger线性与非线性因果关系检验验证了金融压力与工业增加值的增长关系。研究表明,2008年以来,中国金融压力较高;2010年一季度后金融压力有所降低但是波动较大;金融压力指数对工业增加值有显著地线性和非线性Granger影响;对金融压力指数进行预测的结果表明,中国金融系统压力在2011年下半年以后处于低压力区制的高位置波动,并有转向高压力区制的趋势,金融系统表现为不稳定。     

我国FCI的构建及对宏观经济变量影响的非对称性

本文首先选取我国多个金融变量,利用动态因子模型提取其共同因子,并对这些因子基于总需求方程缩减式构建了我国金融状况指数(FCI)。接着,基于互谱分析,从频域角度测度了FCI与产出和价格的关联性。最后,以FCI作为转移变量,建立了包含FCI、产出和价格的因子扩展的logistic平滑转移向量自回归(FALSTVAR)模型,基于不同金融状况视角,分析了金融状况指数代表的金融市场对产出和价格影响的非对称性。实证结果表明:第一,金融状况指数不仅与宏观经济具有相同的主周期,而且领先于产出和价格的变动;第二,在金融市场运行良好情形下,金融市场发展能有效地促进实体经济的增长,而在金融市场状况恶化情形下,金融市场会严重阻碍实体经济的增长。     

中国金融周期与财政支出的非对称效应研究

通过构建债务驱动的AD-AS模型,分析了财政支出政策在金融收缩阶段的不对称效应,并在构建中国金融周期指数的基础上,对不同金融周期状态下财政支出政策的调控效果进行了实证分析。研究结果表明：在金融收缩阶段,财政支出紧缩对经济的负向影响要大于财政支出扩张对经济的正向影响,两者存在非对称性;在不同的金融周期状态下,财政支出政策也存在非对称性。     

资产价格波动与央行通货膨胀管理研究（一）——基于中国FCI指数的构想

本文在回顾国内外关于货币状况指数和金融状况指数相关研究成果的基础上，围绕资产价格波动对央行通货膨胀管理形成的挑战，针对当前货币政策目标FCPI作为我国央行通胀重要参考指标的不足，提出构建中国金融状况指数（FCI）的构想。文章从指数基础理论及中国实际出发，选择利率、汇率、贷款增速以及股票价格作为FCI的组成变量，运用结构性VAR模型和HP滤波等计量方法进行参数估计，形成中国FCI指数模型。最后，结合我国“保持币值稳定，并以此促进经济增长”的货币政策目标，对中国FCI指数进行检验。     

Pricing credit-risky bonds and spread options modelling credit-spread term structures with two-dimensional Markov-modulated jump-diffusion

The relationship between company hazard rates and the business cycle becomes more apparent after a financial crisis. To address this relationship, a regime-switching process with an intensity function is adopted in this paper. In addition, the dynamics of both interest rates and asset values are modelled with a Markov-modulated jump-diffusion model, and a 2-factor hazard rate model is also considered. Based on this more suitable model setting, a closed-form model of pricing risky bonds is derived. The difference in yield between a risky bond and risk-free zero coupon bond is used to model a term structure of credit spreads (CSs) from which a closed-form pricing model of a call option on CSs is obtained. In addition, the degree to which the explicit regime shift affects CSs and credit-risky bond prices is numerically examined using three forward-rate functions under various business-cycle patterns.     

Financial innovation,the discovery of risk,and the U.S. credit crisis

Financial innovation and overconfidence about the risk of new financial products were key factors behind the 2008 U.S. credit crisis. We show that a model with a collateral constraint in which learning about the risk of a new financial environment interacts with Fisherian amplification produces a boom–bust cycle in debt, asset prices and consumption. Early realizations of a high-borrowing-ability regime turn agents optimistic about the persistence probability of this regime. Conversely, the first realization of a low-borrowing-ability regime turns agents unduly pessimistic. The model predicts large increases in household debt, land prices and excess returns during 1998–2006 followed by a collapse.     

媒体信息对金融资产价格波动的影响——以股票市场为例

基于传统纸质媒体与新媒体获取全面的媒体信息数据,运用 Fama-French三因子模型计算沪深300指成份股的特质波动率,并将媒体信息的关注度、媒体情感、媒体关注度与媒体情感的交互作用纳入统一的计量分析模型中,综合探究媒体信息对金融资产价格波动的影响.结果发现:媒体关注度和媒体情感对金融资产价格波动都具有显著性的影响;媒体关注度和媒体情感相互作用对金融资产价格产生影响;媒体信息对金融资产价格的影响在不同趋势下,其作用方向和程度均具有显著差异.     

A simple mechanism for financial bubbles: time-varying momentum horizon

Building on the notion that bubbles are transient self-fulfilling prophecies created by positive feedback mechanisms, we construct the simplest continuous price process whose expected returns and volatility are functions of momentum only. The momentum itself is measured by a simple continuous moving average of past prices over a given time horizon. We introduce a simple dynamics of the time horizon used by the representative investor, which is motivated by the race of trend following agents to forerun their competitors. We provide the full set of solutions, which includes an explosive regime where the price and momentum explodes stochastically in finite time to infinity, transient price dynamics escaping to infinity and recurrent behaviors, where the momentum remains either strictly positive or undergoes instantaneous reflections at the origin. The proposed price generating process produces price dynamics that are in agreement with the main qualitative properties of empirical financial time series. Moreover, it produces realistic regime shifts between non bubble and bubble regimes. We construct a quasi-likelihood methodology to calibrate the model to empirical financial time series, which is applied to an Internet index and a ‘brick and mortar’ index, over the period of the dotcom bubble and its subsequent crash, from Jan. 1998 to Dec. 2002. The Wilks test of nested hypotheses shows a very strong skill in diagnosing the bubble of the Internet index and in disqualifying a bubble in the ‘brick and mortar’ index.     

Market segmentation and price differentials between A shares and H shares in the Chinese stock markets

We find that the risk premiums associated with the Hong Kong and mainland Chinese markets in a two-factor model successfully explain the cross section of returns on the A and H shares. Discounts of H-share prices relative to A-share prices are related to the contemporaneous movements of the H-share local market index relative to the A-share local market index, especially during the period of the Asian financial crisis, as well as the spread of savings rates between Hong Kong and mainland China. The evidence suggests that the risk premiums associated with the segmented A-share and H-share markets exert crucial impacts on the price differentials between the two classes of shares.     

External Constraints on Monetary Policy and the Financial Accelerator

We develop a small open economy macroeconomic model where financial conditions influence aggregate behavior. Our goal is to explore the connection between the exchange rate regime and financial distress. We first show that a calibrated version of the model captures well the behavior of the Korean economy during its financial crisis period of 1997–98. In particular, the model accounts for the sharp increase in lending rates and the large drop in output, employment, investment, and measured productivity. The financial market frictions play an important role, further, explaining roughly half the decline in overall economic activity. We then perform some counterfactual exercises to illustrate how the fixed exchange rate regime likely exacerbated the crisis by tying the hands of monetary policy.     

Spillover effects from Euro area monetary policy across Europe: A factor-augmented VAR approach

I analyze spillover effects from a Euro area monetary policy shock to fourteen European countries outside the Euro area. The analysis is based on a factor-augmented VAR model with two blocks, which exploits a large cross-country data set. After a Euro area monetary policy expansion, production increases in most non-Euro area countries, whereas short-term interest rates and financial uncertainty decline. These effects are on average comparable to the responses in the aggregate Euro area. However, the size of spillover effects varies with country characteristics. Spillovers on production are larger in non-Euro area economies with higher trade openness, whereas financial variables react to a higher extent in countries with higher financial integration. Regarding the exchange rate regime, countries with fixed exchange rates show stronger spillovers both in terms of production and interest rates. Finally, prices increase in Western European economies outside the Euro area, but decline or do not respond in Central and Eastern Europe.     

The Effects of Transaction Costs and Different Borrowing and Lending Rates on the Option Pricing Model: A Note

This paper modifies the Black-Scholes option pricing model to include the effects of transaction costs and different borrowing and lending rates. The paper demonstrates that these market imperfections tend to offset each other yielding a bounded range of prices for each option. The paper also shows that under some conditions the option pricing hedge may be society's lowest cost financial intermediary.