股权激励、研发投入与企业价值的关系研究——基于A股上市公司的经验数据

本文以2008-2017年A股上市公司为研究样本,考察了股权激励、研发投入与企业价值之间的关系,研究结果表明,股权激励和研发投入均与企业价值正相关。进一步考察研发投入对二者关系的调节作用后,发现研发投入能够强化二者之间的正相关关系。     

财政补贴、税收优惠与企业研发投入——基于非上市公司20万户企业的实证分析北大核心CSSCI

本文采用国泰安非上市公司数据库中20万户企业2005-2007年的数据,实证分析财政补贴和税收优惠对企业研发投入的影响效应。实证结果表明,我国财税激励政策对企业研发投入产生互补效应,激励了企业研发投入,并且,财政补贴比税收优惠更有效。研究中,为了纠正非上市公司研发费用披露的"自选择"问题,本文采用Heckman两步法对其进行控制。     

民营企业股权激励计划与研发投入关系分析

以2008~2011年民营上市公司为样本,使用3SLS回归分析以及DID模型,从外部环境以及内部环境两个方面分析了我国民营企业股权激励计划对于企业研发投入的影响。实证研究发现,民营企业实施股权激励能够促进企业的研发投入,而高科技行业的民营企业实施股权激励能够加强这种正向影响;对于股权激励具体方案的分析表明,激励计划的有效期与研发投入有弱相关关系,行权条件当中非财务指标的使用对于企业研发投入有正向影响,但是相对绩效指标的使用则对于研发投入有抑制作用。     

民营企业股权激励计划与研发投入关系分析

以2008~2011年民营上市公司为样本,使用3SLS回归分析以及DID模型,从外部环境以及内部环境两个方面分析了我国民营企业股权激励计划对于企业研发投入的影响。实证研究发现,民营企业实施股权激励能够促进企业的研发投入,而高科技行业的民营企业实施股权激励能够加强这种正向影响;对于股权激励具体方案的分析表明,激励计划的有效期与研发投入有弱相关关系,行权条件当中非财务指标的使用对于企业研发投入有正向影响,但是相对绩效指标的使用则对于研发投入有抑制作用。     

财政分权、晋升竞争与企业研发投入

本文分析了内生于财政分权和晋升竞争制度安排的地方政府干预对企业研发投入的影响,指出在财政分权与基于GDP增长的官员考核机制下,地方政府官员追求任期内的政绩和经济利益的诉求更加强烈,这导致地方政府以及政府官员会利用控制的资源或手中的权力积极干预辖区企业经营行为,影响了企业作出有效率的投资决策,旨在增加地方财政收入和基于GDP的晋升激励的地方政府干预行为抑制了辖区内的企业研发投入。     

基于企业盈利能力的所得税优惠与研发投入关系探析

税收政策是稳增长、调结构、推动经济高质量发展的重要工具。本文从企业盈利能力的微观视角,分析了所得税优惠与企业研发投入的相互关系和作用机制,运用2010~2018年中国A股上市公司面板数据,构建了交互项模型与门槛效应模型进行实证检验,结果表明:所得税优惠对高新技术企业与非高新技术企业研发投入均具有显著的激励效应,对高新技术企业的激励效果强于非高新技术企业;盈利能力可以调节这种激励效应,具体表现为随着企业盈利能力的增加,所得税优惠对研发投入的激励效果逐渐增强。基于以上结论,本文提出了推动企业创新的多元化税收优惠与差异化税收政策等政策建议。     

加计扣除税收优惠对企业研发投入的异质性效应研究

研发投入是创新最基础、最核心的环节。实证研究发现,加计扣除优惠政策对科技型中小企业,制造业重点行业研发当下投入水平和潜在投入能力的影响表现为显著的“当下抑制、潜在促进”效应且政策净效应不显著,对制造业重点行业潜在投入能力正向激励效应更强;加计扣除优惠政策对非科技型中小企业研发投入的影响呈显著的逆向调节效应,企业属性和财务状况效应方向不一,控股情况整体呈负向效应。因此,要不断完善加计扣除优惠政策激励制度,引导企业加大研发投入,需进一步明确优惠政策激励重点与优先方向,确保优惠政策的连续性与稳定性,体现优惠政策的差异性与前瞻性。     

探讨财税补贴对企业R & D的影响--基于上交所A股上市公司的实证分析

技术创新是一个复杂的过程,而且研发活动本身就存在风险性等特征,所以阻碍了其进行研发活动的积极性,这就需要政府采取有效措施来激励企业的技术创新。本文以上海证券交易所A股上市公司为研究对象,同时对我国2011年-2013年财税补贴政策以及大中型企业的研发投入情况进行实证分析,探讨了财税补贴对企业R&D（研究与开发）投入的影响。分析结果表明财税补贴政策给企业R&D提供了资助,直接降低了企业R&D的投资成本,对R&D活动有着激励的作用;同时,财税补贴对企业资金的筹集具有积极的影响。     

税收优惠方式对研发投入激励效应研究

以我国2014 ～2020年A股上市公司为样本,利用手工搜集整理的独特数据,获取了上市公司实际享受的税率优惠、加计扣除、加速折旧摊销的金额,并以此为基础检验不同税收优惠方式对企业研发投入的激励效应.实证结果表明,税率优惠、加计扣除、加速折旧摊销这三种税收优惠方式都能激励企业加大研发投入,三种税收优惠方式对研发投入的激励...     

科创型企业融资行为与研发绩效研究

科创型企业是推动我国经济创新驱动发展的重要力量.科创型企业的成长需要金融支持,其融资行为与研发绩效之间具有显著的关联性.实证研究表明:(1)资产负债率低对研发绩效的影响显著正向,而且对研发投入也有积极影响;(2)公司主要高管薪酬与公司研发绩效之间呈现显著正向关系;(3)投资基金等机构投资者持股对企业增加研发投入有正面影响,但对短期研发绩效的影响不显著;(4)企业规模无论对研发投入还是研发绩效的关系均呈现显著负向影响.据此,提出了加强股权融资体系建设,发展风险投资等机构投资者,重视科创型企业核心管理团队的正向激励,建立有利于中小企业创业创新的环境等政策建议.     

Employment protection legislation and R&D investment

This paper examines how employment protection legislation influences corporate R&D investment. With a sample of 113,228 observations across 23 OECD countries from 2001 to 2018, I document that firms in strong employment protection legislation have lower R&D expenditure and investment efficiency. In addition, I find that the effect of employment protection on R&D expenditure is stronger in financially constrained firms but the effect of employment protection on R&D investment efficiency is stronger in financially unconstrained firms.     

Environmental R&D and the uncertainty of future earnings

This paper examines whether the variability in the future earnings stream generated by the investment in environmentally-related R&D projects is different than that created by the investment in other R&D projects. To carry out this investigation, I decompose total R&D expenditures into two components: those related to R&D projects aimed at reducing the firm’s costs to comply with environmental legislation (i.e., the environmental component), and those related to all other R&D projects, which are focused on increasing the firm’s revenues and/or decreasing its other operating costs (i.e., the residual component). As predicted, I find that the environmental component of R&D expenditures contributes significantly less to the variability of future earnings than the residual component.     

DO WELL-CONNECTED BOARDS INVEST OPTIMALLY IN R&D ACTIVITIES?

Researchers have argued that the uncertainty surrounding innovative activities causes firms to either underinvest or overinvest in research and development (R&D). We examine whether the information gained by boards through directors’ connections helps mitigate such distortions. We find that an increase in directors’ connections has an asymmetric impact on under- and overinvesting firms. R&D expenditures are shown to increase with board connections. Such increases in R&D intensity exacerbate the extent of overinvestment, resulting in a loss in future market-to-book value. The increase in R&D intensity, however, reduces underinvestment only among firms with higher than average R&D productivity. We find that increased director busyness is one cause of overinvestment.     

The Effects of Private Investments in Public Equity on R&D Investment in Small and Medium-Size Enterprises

This paper provides evidence that small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) use a portion of private investments in public equity (PIPEs) for current research and development (R&D) investment, hold the rest in liquidity reserves such as cash assets and working capital, and ultimately use these reserves to smooth R&D investment. That is, PIPEs may have a direct effect on R&D investment and an indirect or smoothing effect using liquidity reserves. This paper also shows that innovative SMEs such as venture businesses, inno-biz firms, and management innovative firms are more likely to use PIPEs for R&D investment than are noninnovative SMEs. The implications of this paper are that PIPEs can be used as an important source of external financing to fund R&D investment and can be particularly valuable for R&D investment in innovative SMEs.     

Capitalization of R&D costs and earnings management: Evidence from Italian listed companies

The capitalization of research and development (R&D) costs is a controversial accounting issue because of the contention that such capitalization is motivated by incentives to manipulate earnings. Based on a sample of Italian listed companies, this study examines whether companies' decisions to capitalize R&D costs are affected by earnings-management motivations. Italy provides a natural context for testing our hypothesized relationships because Italian GAAP allows for the capitalization of R&D costs. Using a Tobit regression model to test our hypotheses, we show that companies tend to use cost capitalization for earnings-smoothing purposes. The hypothesis that firms capitalize R&D costs to reduce the risk of violating debt covenants is not supported.     

R&D intensity for innovative and adaptive purposes in overseas subsidiaries: Evidence from Japanese multinational enterprises

This paper investigates the causes of R&D activities of overseas subsidiaries using firm-level panel data for Japanese multinationals. We distinguish between overseas innovative R&D (basic and applied research) and adaptive R&D (development and design) and examine how the intensity of each type of R&D is determined, using Amemiya Generalized Least Squares estimation. Our findings suggest that overseas innovative R&D aims at the exploitation of foreign knowledge, whereas adaptive R&D has no such aim. In addition, the size of the host country’s market positively affects both types, whereas geographic distance between the host and the home country has a negative impact. Finally, the parent firm’s knowledge is found to increase the size of overseas adaptive R&D but not innovative R&D. Based on a theoretical model, we interpret this evidence as showing that knowledge of the parent firm is not fully utilized in innovative R&D of its subsidiary.     

新型研发机构重在制度创新

新型研发机构是区域创新体系建设的催化剂。像中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院、清华大学深圳研究院和江苏产业研究院等机构在区域创新体制机制改革和服务地方经济等方面已成为一股不可忽视的新兴力量。但是,我国新型研发机构发展整体处于初期探索阶段,大部分新型研发机构在区域创新体系建设中存在“重数量轻质量”“重建设轻运营”和“重管理轻治理”的问题。其原因主要在于,我国在新型研发机构功能定位、新体制建立和管理机制等多方面改革的滞后。对此,我们需要进一步明确新型研发机构在区域创新体系中的功能定位,进一步向地方政府和研发机构赋权,进一步提高地方政府创新治理水平,进一步强化新型研发机构中的央地协同力度。     

创新网络活动对大中型企业研发绩效动态影响研究——基于VEC模型的实证分析

大中型企业研发绩效的提高对于增强企业核心竞争力、带动国民经济发展具有十分重要的作用。基于创新网络的视角,利用VEC模型和脉冲响应函数实证分析了创新网络主体间知识共享、研发投入转化两种主要创新网络活动对我国大中型企业研发绩效的动态影响,并提出了提高大中型企业研发绩效的建议。     

Corporate R&D Investments Following Competitors’ Voluntary Disclosures: Evidence from the Drug Development Process

This paper examines the role of peer firm disclosures in shaping corporate research and development (R&D) investments. Drawing on models of two-stage R&D races, I hypothesize that a firm could be either deterred or encouraged by peer disclosure of interim R&D success, depending on peer firms’ R&D strength in the race. Using granular, project-level data on clinical trials in the drug development process, I find that a firm's R&D investments in a specific therapeutic area are deterred by disclosures of early-phase trial initiation from strong rivals in the same area but encouraged by disclosures from weak rivals. Cross-sectional analyses show that focal firm strength and disclosure relevance moderate the effects of peer firm disclosure. Overall, my evidence suggests that peer firms’ R&D disclosures can have both proprietary costs and deterrence benefits.     

A theory of growth and volatility at the aggregate and firm level

We present an endogenous growth model that explains the evolution of the first and second moments of productivity growth at the aggregate and firm level during the post-war period. Growth is driven by the development of both (i) idiosyncratic R&D innovations and (ii) general innovations that can be freely adopted by many firms. Firm-level volatility is affected primarily by the Schumpeterian dynamics associated with the development of R&D innovations. The variance of aggregate productivity growth is driven by the arrival rate of general innovations. Ceteris paribus, the share of resources spent on development of general innovations increases with the stability of the market share of the industry leader. As market shares become less persistent, the model predicts an endogenous shift in the allocation of resources from the development of general innovations to the development of R&D innovations. This results in an increase in R&D, an increase in firm-level volatility, and a decline in aggregate volatility. The effect on productivity growth is ambiguous.On the empirical side, this paper presents new cross-country evidence that R&D subsidies are not significantly associated with higher growth but are associated with lower aggregate volatility. It also documents an upward trend in the instability of market shares, a positive association between firm volatility and R&D spending, and a negative association across sectors between R&D and how correlated the sector is with the rest of the economy.