股权结构能否影响控制权转移后企业治理效率的变化？

本文从控制权转移的动态过程中考察了股权特征因素对控制权交易后公司绩效改善的作用。文章利用1997-2003年总共249个第一大股东变更的上市公司样本，通过wilcoxon检验等方法证明了控股程度不同的企业在控制权转移前存在显著的业绩差异，而控制权交易引起的股权集中度程度及控股股东持股份额的变化能够引起交易后企业业绩的变化，然而控股股东属性与企业业绩改善的关系并不显著，无证据表明法人股接管控制权后能够改善企业的治理效率。本文的论证在一定程度上肯定了我国控制权市场的外部治理效力．     

内幕交易、利益补偿与控制权转移——来自我国证券市场的证据

本文从控股股东角度探讨内幕交易在控制权转移中所发挥的作用。利用一个模型分析表明内幕交易起到了补偿控制权转移中控股股东所付出代价的作用，扩大了控制权转移交易的达成区域，使控制权转移事件更容易发生，控制权转移事件出现频率更高。在此基础上，利用上市公司（1997—2001）样本验证了：（1）我国上市公司控制权转移过程中存在内幕交易行为。（2）控制权转移中控股股东与内幕交易行为有关：控制权转移中控股股东付出越多，内幕交易行为越严重；原控股股东控股比例越高，内幕交易行为越严重；现金方式交易时内幕交易行为比非现金方式交易时更加严重。本文研究结果表明我国上市公司控制权转移中由于控股股东可以利用内幕交易补偿所付出的代价，从而使得控制权转移易于发生，这在一定程度上推动了自1997年起的上市公司控制权转移热潮的出现。     

我国上市公司股权托管绩效研究

本文通过对股权托管前后公司实际控制权发生转移的公司经营业绩指标对比,分析了股权托管的绩效.实证结果表明,我国上市公司股东采取股权托管形式转移公司控制权,并没有达到预期效果,托管后公司经营业绩并没有得到明显改善.     

控股股东股权质押与控制权转移风险

运用2010-2019年A股公司数据,本文从事前和事后系统考察了控股股东股权质押与控制权转移风险之间的关系。研究发现,从事前来看,控制权转移风险越大,控股股东股权质押的可能性越小;从事后来看,控股股东股权质押会通过削弱控股股东的“自救”能力,加剧股价下跌压力,增加其他股东减持公司股票的可能性等路径造成上市公司更容易被举牌、控制权更容易变更。国有产权性质和牛市周期会减弱上述经济后果。     

控股股东股权质押与员工持股计划“工具化”——基于A股上市公司的实证研究

自2014年《关于上市公司实施员工持股计划试点的指导意见》颁布以来,受到资本市场的广泛关注和支持,实施员工持股计划的公司逐渐增加。与此同时,控股股东股权质押可能引起的控制权转移风险也成为需要重点关注的问题。那么,有质押的控股股东是否会策略性地利用员工持股计划来缓解风险？本文利用2013—2018年A股上市公司的样本,考察控股股东质押对员工持股计划的影响。研究发现:前期控股股东有股权质押、质押率越高的公司随后推行员工持股计划的可能性越大,该效应随着控制权转移风险的提高而增大;控股股东股权质押的员工持股计划进行短期市值管理是有效的,但并未显著提升公司长期价值,提示控股股东存在借其进行内部人利益绑定和市值管理的动机;进一步研究表明,公司内部治理机制对控股股东股权质押下推行员工持股计划的效果有限。     

交易特征、并购溢价及并购绩效分析——来自上市公司大宗股权协议转让的经验证据

本文详细分析了交易特征和并购溢价对并购现金流绩效的影响。研究结果发现，并购溢价与并购后现金流业绩显著正相关，转让价格在一定程度上能反映购买方对上市公司价值的判断，对公司未来的业绩有信号作用。当控股股东将国有股权转让给关联方且股权性质发生了变更时，并购后现金流业绩显著降低。这在某种程度上证实了在新型委托代理关系中大股东利用股权转让和关联交易掠夺上市公司财富进而剥削中小股东。     

股权质押下的控股股东增持:“价值信号”还是“行为信号”？

在股权质押的背景下,理性的控股股东会利用投资者的有限理性,通过增持向市场发送行为信号来提振股价,以缓解控制权转移风险。研究发现:股权质押下控股股东更有可能增持;短期内增持公告产生了正向的市场反应,其程度在非质押组和质押组间无显著差异;而长期来看,增持后质押组的长期股价以及经营绩效表现弱于其对照组,而非质押组则好于其对照组,说明股权质押下的增持并不是价值信号,而是行为信号。进一步研究发现,质押对增持的正向效应在高平仓压力组、低公司质量组、监管环境较宽松的欠发达地区更显著。拓展性检验表明,在考虑减持影响后,股权质押下控股股东更倾向于通过二级市场买卖和竞价交易实施净增持,并且管理层与其他大股东也会在一定程度上迎合控股股东的增持行为。最后本文排除了传统增持动机假说对上述结论的替代性解释。     

控股股东股权质押与实体企业金融化——基于"掏空"与控制权转移的视角

本文从股权质押的视角切入,基于2007-2016年A股上市公司的经验数据,探究控股股东股权质押对实体企业金融化的影响.研究发现:控股股东股权质押比例与实体企业金融化呈倒U型关系,即随着股权质押比例的增加,企业持有金融资产的比例先增后减.该结论在进行一系列稳健性检验后依然成立.此外,进一步识别了在股权质押下控股股东的"掏空"动机与规避控制权转移风险动机.在金融化偏好检验中发现,控股股东股权质押后更可能促使企业配置具有投机性的、容易变现的短期金融资产,从而规避金融资产价格波动风险.在经济后果检验中发现,股权质押比例较高时,企业会持有更多现金以预防不利情况.本文研究结论对于政府部门加强监管、控股股东专注于企业长远发展和投资者做出合理投资决策均有一定的启示意义.     

全流通市场中大股东交易的影响因素研究——基于股权结构的视角

全流通市场中的大股东交易问题日益成为关注的焦点。以2007年至2010年A股市场大股东交易作为研究对象,验证了股权结构对不同类型大股东交易行为的影响。研究结果显示控股股东净购买率与股权集中度显著负相关,与股权制衡度显著正相关;而非控股股东净购买率与股权集中度显著正相关,与股权制衡度显著负相关。这说明现有股权结构对控股股东和非控股股东交易行为的影响存在显著差异,而这种显著差异又将导致未来上市公司股权结构发生明显变化。     

企业控制权配置与经营者业绩评价

对经营者的业绩进行评价,应当考虑企业的控制权配置方式。企业控制权的配置方式不同,对经营者业绩进行评价的主体、目标、内容及方法都会存在很大的差异。本文在分析了企业所有权与控制权不同配置方式的基础上,进一步阐述了不同所有权与控制权配置方式对企业运转目标及对企业经营者业绩评价的影响。最后对我国国有企业、存在控股股东的企业及股权分散企业的所有权与控制权配置特点、企业目标及经营者业绩评价的相关问题进行了论述。     

美国公司反收购战中毒丸计划的法律分析

公司反收购是现代公司控制权争夺过程中的必然现象，虽然有争议，但如果给予必要的法律约束，它对解决优化资源配置问题有巨大的促进作用。反收购措施起源于美国，美国历史上围绕收购与反收购的案例构成了美国反收购立法的重要组成部分。美国反收购实践展示了多种可能性，其中引人注目的是股东权利计划，又称“毒丸计划”，它已为我国的盛大网络公司对新浪公司的收购所采用，但在法理上股东权利计划并没有得到很好的研究和解释。本文主要针对美国公司反收购实践中的毒丸计划进行研究，从而论证毒丸计划在法律上的有效性。     

Inequality in Mortality in Spain*

We analyse the evolution of mortality rates in Spain by age and gender between 1990 and 2018. We compare municipalities, ranked by socio‐economic status (SES) and grouped into bins of similar population size, to study changes not only in levels but also in inequality in mortality across the SES spectrum. We document large decreases in mortality rates throughout the period for all age groups, including children, even after 2000, and continuing after the Great Recession. These declines are stronger for boys and men, who had higher mortality rates to begin with. We find that inequality in mortality across municipalities was low among the young by 2018, while it was higher among adult men and older women. Inequality in fact increased over the period for older men. We explore the role of different causes of death and find that this increase in inequality is driven by stronger improvements in cancer‐related mortality among men living in richer areas. These improvements are not found among women, given their increases in mortality due to lung cancer.     

Persistence in Equity Fund Performance in Brazil

We examine performance persistence in the large and growing Brazilian equity fund market from 2000 to 2012. We find a significant risk-adjusted spread between a portfolio of top- and bottom-performing funds, which supports the idea that performance persists. This spread remains after controlling for market, size, distress, and momentum risk factors and tends to be larger and more significant for a set of small and retail funds. The spread is mostly driven by the underperformance of the bottom decile of funds, which is consistent with the existence of some fund managers with insufficient skills to recover investment costs.     

Technologies in Finland in 2020 valued by ZEF-tool

In Northern Finland, information and communication technology, biotechnology, environmental technology and wellness technology have been subjects of special interest in recent times. These technologies are believed to create competence and bring welfare to the area. The aim of this study was to produce possible, probable and desirable pictures of the future for discussion and debate, and for use in strategic processes in different organisations. The idea was to explore the future based on experts’ opinions. The article discusses not only the technologies the experts saw as attractive and credible but also the issues they believed to be directing the development of the technologies in question.     

Learning in Public Organizations in 2010

The theme of this article is the future of learning in public organizations. It outlines a way of thinking that might underpin learning, and argues that, by the year 2010, public organizations could develop a radical approach to organizational learning that would make the concept more meaningful in their everyday practice. This approach is based on various shifts in the ways in which management is thought about and enacted. These changes are a movement away from the idea of 'the public manager' to a more relational notion: 'management in public'. The author explains what 'management in public' means, and discusses how it can be put into practice in order to transform learning in public organizations.     

Public involvement in flood risk management in Hungary

The increasing frequency and intensity of recent floods and their economic, social, and political impacts created a situation in Hungary where flood management strategies need urgent reconsideration. Research suggests that in the case of natural disasters of uncertain and changing character, public education, information, participation, and cooperation are particularly important tools for coping. Drawing on the data collected by two recent empirical studies, this paper investigates state-of-the-art public involvement in flood control activities in Hungary. Results of a questionnaire survey and a series of semistructured interviews conducted in three flood basins of the Tisza river indicate that although the highly centralized system of flood control, and especially its strong financial background, a characteristic of state socialism, has significantly weakened since the political transition, forms of public participation, which could reduce the risk by building on a more conscious and responsible attitude of the citizens, have not developed yet. Paternalist and elitist attitudes prevail on the part of the authorities, contributing to the passivity of the public. There are signs, however, that in certain places, local government leaders take responsibility for building communication networks to raise public awareness and mobilize the public more effectively.     

Role of banks in financial inclusion in India

Financial inclusion is emerging as a new paradigm of economic growth that plays major role in driving away the poverty from the country. It refers to delivery of banking services to masses including privileged and disadvantaged people at an affordable terms and conditions. Financial inclusion is important priority of the country in terms of economic growth and advanceness of society. It enables to reduce the gap between rich and poor population. In the current scenario financial institutions are the robust pillars of progress, economic growth and development of the economy. The present study aims to examine the impact of financial inclusion on growth of the economy over a period of seven years. Secondary data is used which has been analyzed by multiple regression model as a main statistical tool. Results of the study found positive and significant impact of number of bank branch and Credit deposit ratio on GDP of the country, whereas an insignificant impact has been observed in case of ATMs growth on Indian GDP.     

Development in medical underwriting in Germany

Life insurance companies generate profits primarily with life insurance and disability protection. Individual risk assessment serves to avoid adverse selection. The assessment of medical risks is based generally on the classification requirements of the reinsurance companies. For this reason the reinsurers provide the primary insurance companies with classification manuals. The manuals from the reinsurers differ only slightly. By means of three examples (heart diseases, cancer and HIV) the development for the last 30 years of underwriting in medical risks is explained in this article.     

Discounts in Placing Pre-renounced Shares in Rights Issues

Abstract:  The paper presents evidence from UK rights issues on the discounts at which large blocks of new shares plus rights are sold. The shares are renounced by the shareholders entitled to them and placed with passive investors at substantial discounts of around 8% to the expected ex-rights midpoint price of the existing shares. Tests indicate that the discounts arise because of uncertainty about issuer value and inelastic demand for the shares rather than because the issuing companies are overvalued. The finding that selling renounced shares is costly removes an apparent advantage of rights issues compared with open offers and private placings.     

3月并购:正常水平

并购是融资的一个重要途径,为了让读者了解国内外的并购形势,《国际融资》杂志和全球并购中心(并购公会)联合推出并购月数据报告,供读者参考