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1.
引入公允价值计量是公司IPO价值评估方法的发展趋势。公允价值计量方法有利于增强IPO公司会计信息的解释能力,能够为新股投资者提供更高效率的决策信息。公允价值的估值技术在IPO定价方面需要有层次地逐级使用,IPO定价就是投资者投入价值和发行人产出价值的均衡结果。以公允价值计量IPO资产,是买卖双方自愿交换资产和权益。因此,推行公允价值计量的IPO定价,应该寻找具有可靠性的估值技术,视企业特征、行业属性和资产类别的不同情形而采取相应办法。 相似文献
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2008年爆发全球性金融危机,凸显出公允价值计量的弊端,即产生顺周期性,对资本市场助涨助跌的作用,违背了会计计量的谨慎性、稳健性原则。本文在此背景下从资产价值与价格关系的视角,分析现行公允价值理论的悖论:公允价值理论反映交换价值,但实践中既反映资产市场价格又反映资产的内在价值,存在逻辑上矛盾。因此采用公允价值计量必须明确计量资产价值还是价格,二者必选其一。反映资产的价格必然采用单一的现行市价计量,反映资产的价值应该采用现值计量,因此相应地排斥其他计量方法的替代。 相似文献
3.
金融工具公允价值信息的价值相关性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文以会计信息决策有用性的计量观为基础,通过实证方法对比分析了新企业会计准则实施前后,公允价值是否改进会计信息对公司股票市场价格的影响,以及金融工具的公允价值信息与历史成本对公司股票市场价格的影响;新准则实施后公允价值变动损益对公司的股票市场价值的影响。研究结果表明:在引入公允价值计量属性后,盈余信息和净资产账面价值对模型的整体解释能力有所提高;公允价值计量的金融工具具有显著的增量价值相关性和相对价值相关性,投资者在投资决策时已经开始考虑公允价值因素,金融工具公允价值信息具有价值相关性。 相似文献
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本文研究的目的在于探讨资产减值计量的基本问题,即可收回金额的确定。本文从公允价值方面展开研究,提出了资产减值会计中公允价值计量的指导性框架,并对公允价值计量运用于资产减值进行了利弊分析。 相似文献
6.
公允价值会计的国际应用 总被引:93,自引:0,他引:93
本文比较全面和系统地回顾了公允价值会计在国际上的运用及对公允价值问题的实证研究。在评价公允价值运用于会计准则的基础上,对公允价值会计的现状以及未来发展进行了讨论。总的来看,公允价值由于其高度的相关性,已受到各界的高度关注。公允价值会计极有可能成为21世纪资产和负债的计量基础。 相似文献
7.
本文基于描述性统计数据,比较分析了公允价值计量对中美上市商业银行财务报表的影响。通过分析以公允价值计量的资产占总资产的比例、以公允价值计量的负债占总负债的比例、公允价值变动损益占税前利润的比例及计入权益(其他全面收益)的公允价值变动净额占权益总额的比例等数据,作者得出如下结论,公允价值计量对美国上市商业银行财务报表的影响远远大于对我国银行业的影响;从绝对量来看,公允价值计量方式对我国银行业财务报表产生了比较大的影响。 相似文献
8.
股权投资与公允价值计量:价值相关性的实证研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文以2005~2006年拥有其他上市公司股权,且属于被投资公司十大股东之一的A股上市公司为研究样本,对股权投资中投资于上市公司与投资于非上市公司的相对价值相关性和投资于上市公司的股权投资在公允价值计量属性下的增量价值相关性进行了实证检验。结果发现:投资于上市公司的股权投资的价值相关性显著高于投资于非上市公司的股权投资的价值相关性,投资于上市公司的股权投资在公允价值计量属性下具有显著的增量价值相关性。这为公司的股权投资策略提供了一定的参考价值,也为我国新会计准则中公允价值计量更为广泛地运用提供了较有力的实证支持。 相似文献
9.
高志辉 《内蒙古财经学院学报(综合版)》2013,11(1):66-69
由于农业活动的特殊性,生物资产的计量模式的选择一直是农业会计研究领域的热点之一。国际会计准则采用公允价值对生产性生物资产进行计量,而我国会计准则采用以历史成本为主、公允价值为辅的计量模式。本文通过对两种计量属性的比较,结合生产性生物资产自身的特点,提出公允价值是生产性生物资产计量的最优选择,最后举例阐述了公允价值计量模式下生产性生物资产的具体会计处理。 相似文献
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公允价值会计制度在银行业的推行遭到银行实业界极力反对,特别是2007年爆发次贷危机以来,公允价值会计在银行业的应用受到严重批评,担心广泛地采用公允价值计量会对金融稳定性产生不利影响。本文回顾了资产价格对银行危机的作用机理,把会计制度与宏观经济模型结合起来分析,指出了在经济危机时公允价值会计确实会加重银行危机的机理,对有关公允价值会计制度在银行业的应用前景进行了分析。 相似文献
11.
Ryan McDonough Argyro Panaretou Catherine Shakespeare 《Journal of Business Finance & Accounting》2020,47(3-4):303-332
A fundamental issue debated in the accounting literature centres on the appropriate basis for measuring firms’ assets and liabilities. During the last several decades, scholars have generated a growing body of important insights about the use of the fair value measurement attribute in financial reports around the globe. In this paper, we provide an overview of the institutional background of fair value accounting and the associated accounting standards that prescribe the use of fair value measurements under International Financial Reporting Standards and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the US. We discuss and document the extent to which firms across different industries and accounting regimes recognize and disclose in their financial reports assets and liabilities measured at fair value and we reflect on aspects of the fair value accounting literature. In doing this, we identify several areas in which additional research can further our understanding of fair value measurements and disclosures. 相似文献
12.
This paper examines fair value accounting – specifically, the application of FASB FSP 157-4 in the US. Data is analyzed from financial firms before and after FSP 157-4 was implemented to examine how this standard changed fair valuations and disclosures. We consider whether managers took advantage of the flexibility in the new standard by classifying their assets at level 3. We find that there is no significant change in the amount of assets that are transferred into level 3 after FSP 157-4 as compared to before. We also find a significant increase in the extent of disclosures as measured by word count. Fair value disclosures increased by an average of 52%. After further partitioning the sample based on size, we find that both main results hold for small and big firms in our additional sample. There is no evidence managers used the flexibility of the new standard to classify more financial assets at level 3; however, managers responded to the new standard with a significantly longer disclosure. 相似文献
13.
Companies can under IAS 40 Investment Properties choose between the fair value and the cost models. The fair value model arguably results in more relevant information but is also more costly to use. Based on studies suggesting that financial reports are a more important medium for communication with investors if ownership is dispersed, we hypothesize that the use of the fair value model is positively associated with ownership dispersion. We study European Real Estate firms and find support for this prediction. We also find a positive association between trade of shares and ownership dispersion, supporting the view that financial statements are less important if ownership concentration is high. Finally, we examine whether the choice depends on the identity of large owners. Companies with a financial company as the largest owner are somewhat more likely to choose the fair value model. Overall, the results indicate that accounting rules facilitating optional accounting policies have benefits. 相似文献
14.
Fundamental economic principles provide a rationale for requiring financial institutions to use mark-to-market, or fair value, accounting for financial reporting. The recent turmoil in financial markets, however, has raised questions about whether fair value accounting is exacerbating the problems. In this paper, we review the history and practice of fair value accounting, and summarize the literature on the channels through which it can adversely affect the real economy. We propose a new model to study the interaction of accounting rules with regulatory capital requirements, and show that even when market prices always reflect fundamental values, the interaction of fair value accounting rules and a simple capital requirement can create inefficiencies that are absent when capital is measured by adjusted book value. These distortions can be avoided, however, by redefining capital requirements to be procyclical rather than by abandoning fair value accounting and the other benefits that it provides. 相似文献
15.
Carl Brousseau Michel Gendron Philippe Bélanger Jonathan Coupland 《Accounting & Finance》2014,54(4):1033-1061
This paper contributes to the debate on the impact of accounting measurement rules for financial assets. We examine the association between fair value accounting for financial assets and market price volatility for nonfinancial firms in an experimental setting. One group of participants was provided with financial statements where held‐for‐trading securities were reported at fair market value (FVA). Another group received financial statements with investments reported at historical cost (HCA). Controlling for accounting data, we find no systematic difference between FVA and HCA for three different measures of market price volatility, despite higher earnings volatility and marginally heavier trading under FVA. 相似文献
16.
Abstract In recent decades, as the use of derivatives by financial institutions has expanded, the shortcomings of historical cost accounting approaches have become increasingly apparent. Since derivatives can create large exposures to risk that go unnoticed under historical standards, the accounting industry has focused on how to change the standards so that these risks are reflected appropriately in a company’s accounting statements. New standards such as SFAS 115 and SFAS 133 have been adopted in part to achieve this goal. However, both of these standards use a piecemeal approach to risk measurement that may be adding to the problem rather than creating a solution. This paper will use a simple equity-indexed annuity to illustrate the problem with historical cost accounting and with the standards that have been adopted to correct it. The paper then argues that the only legitimate means of reflecting risk properly on a company’s accounting statements is to adopt full fair value accounting for all assets and liabilities on the company’s books. 相似文献
17.
This paper is concerned with the allegation that fair value accounting rules have contributed significantly to the recent financial crisis. It focuses on one particular channel for that contribution: the impact of fair value on the actual or potential failure of banks. The paper compares four criteria for failure: one economic, two legal and one regulatory. It is clear from this comparison that balance sheet valuations of assets are, in two cases, crucial in these definitions, and so the choice between ‘fair value’ or other valuations can be decisive in whether a bank fails; but in two cases fair value is irrelevant. Bank failures might arise despite capital adequacy and balance sheet solvency due to sudden shocks to liquidity positions. Two of the most prominent bank failures cannot, at first sight, be attributed to fair value accounting: we show that Northern Rock was balance sheet solvent, even on a fair value basis, as was Lehman Brothers. The case study evidence is augmented by econometric tests that suggest that mark‐to‐market accounting has had only a very limited influence on the perceived failure risk of banks. 相似文献
18.
Jannis Bischof Holger Daske Christoph Sextroh 《Journal of Business Finance & Accounting》2014,41(3-4):363-400
We use a sample of conference calls and analyst research reports from international banks to examine how financial analysts request and communicate fair value‐related information in their valuation process. We find that analysts devote considerable attention to fair value‐related topics. Most of the conference call questions and references in research reports pertain to fair value reclassifications and fair value changes of liabilities resulting from banks’ own credit risk. The accounting impact of these one‐time effects during the financial crisis and a lack of corresponding firm disclosures help to explain the prevalence of these two topics. The content of the questions and references suggests that analysts have different motives for their interest in fair value‐related information. While some analysts adjust reported earnings for unrecognised fair value changes of reclassified assets, most of the observed analysts exclude banks’ own credit risk effects from reported earnings. Thus, the use of fair value‐related information varies substantially across analysts and across instruments. 相似文献
19.
The aim of this paper is twofold: (i) to investigate whether New South Wales (NSW) local government councils comply with Australian Accounting Standards in accounting for revaluation of their infrastructure assets and (ii) to assess any consequences for the reliability of financial reporting in NSW local government. Using road assets as an example, we analyse the results of revaluations of road assets undertaken by 89 NSW councils as reported in their financial statements during the period 2013 to 2016. In this analysis we focus on the effect of a change in accumulated depreciation and impairment loss component of fair value as a percentage of the gross replacement cost of the revalued assets. The analysis reveals that in most cases this effect is significant. However, the accounting and reporting of this effect is strikingly inconsistent between the councils. Based on a critical analysis of the accounting framework and disclosure of the revaluation effects, we conclude that the main reason for the change in the fair value of assets is altered estimates of remaining useful life. Furthermore, we argue that councils did not comply with the requirements of AASB 116 in determining the useful life of the assets. 相似文献
20.
《Accounting & Business Research》2012,42(3):267-289
Accounting for financial instruments is one of the most controversial standard setting issues. Attempts by standard setters to expand the scope of fair value measurement provoked fierce opposition from preparers, in particular from the financial industry but also, albeit less frequently and less scathingly, from non-financial firms. Academic research could help to bring the discussion onto a more objective level. Most of the existing research focuses on the financial industry and uses US disclosure data from the 1990s. More recent papers use recognition and measurement data from IFRS financial statements, again primarily from the financial industry. This paper provides novel evidence on the relevance of financial instruments for non-financial firms of the STOXX Europe 600 Index. The results in particular refute the myths that fair value measurement of financial instruments is pervasive and that many fair value measurements are of the problematic ‘level 3’ quality. The empirical evidence forms the background for a survey of the small body of existing research on the effects of accounting standards relating to financial instruments on non-financial firms. This survey covers research on the effects on risk management, on the volatility of cash flows and earnings, on earnings management and on the effects on user decisions. Both in the empirical sections and in the survey sections, I identify a number of areas for further research to overcome the poor current state of knowledge. 相似文献