Two-Rate Property Tax Effects on Land Development

Economists have long understood that the conventional property tax causes the housing stock to be smaller than it would be in the presence of a nondistortionary tax such as a land or site value tax. This article brings together the results from models of housing development timing and structural density with the results of a modern model of a graded property tax in an urban setting. The combination of results is used to investigate the effects of a communitys movement from a property tax to a two-rate tax system where land is taxed at a higher rate than structures. The conditions under which increasing reliance on a land or site value tax will increase housing structural density and speed of development are identified and examined. Policy implications are drawn.     

土地税制促进土地资源有效利用的路径探讨

本文通过梳理国际上土地税制的构成和特点,系统分析了我国土地税制在调控土地资源方面存在的问题,对我国土地税制改革提出了相关建议:规范土地税制;改革房地产税制;建立一个多税种、多环节的土地税制体系。     

刍议物业税的差别税收政策

在物业税的税制设计中涉及一些差别税收政策,包括土地和房屋建筑物的差别税收政策、地区之间的差别税收政策以及对不同对象税收优惠的差别税收政策。本文对这些差别税收政策的效应进行了分析,并在此基础上提出了物业税税制设计的相关建议。     

美国财产税税收优惠管理的特点及借鉴

美国的财产税税制历经了多次改革,已形成较为完善的税收优惠管理机制。本文介绍了美国财产税税收优惠管理的特点,分析了我国财产税税收优惠管理中存在的问题,并提出了加强我国房产税和城镇土地使用税税收优惠管理的建议。     

A welfare analysis of the site value taxation model

This study is a short-run version of Brueckner's (long-run) analysis of graded tax systems. Brueckner assumes a long-run market equilibrium that allows for changes in the market value of the land with a zero profit condition. It is our contention that it is more realistic to solve for the short-run conditions with fixed value of land. Under these conditions, we find that if land is relatively inexpensive, the graded tax system leads to superiority in terms ofk (capital improvement per unit of land),Q (initial housing output), andCS (Consumers' Surplus). With steeper inverse demand curves and greater marginal product and initial housing output, the land tax has a more negative impact on profit with graded tax systems.     

旅游业税收改革的基本原则与对策思路

本文认为,我国旅游业现行税收政策存在优惠领域广度和深度不足、优惠政策深层辐射力不够等问题,因而从协调旅游业各相关者的税收利益角度出发,结合旅游业发展和税制改革的进程,进行增减相结合的局部调整性改革,是促进我国旅游业和税收良性互动发展的必然选择。     

法国个人房地产税体系透视

在法国,与个人房地产相关的税种包括居住税、建筑土地税、空置住宅税、财富税。法国的个人房地产税在税制要素、税基评估和税收争议等方面形成了相对合理的制度安排,其实践经验对我国开征物业税有借鉴意义。     

试析我国开征房产税的目标取向

开征房产税引起了社会各界的广泛关注，但对一些根本性问题尚未有正确的认识，特剐是对其目标取向的认识仍然存在很大的误区。现在普遍认为我国开征房产税是为了降低房地产价格和国家获得不断增加的级差地租。本文认为。正确合理的目标取向应该是落实科学发展观，以促进土地科学合理地规划开发、土地使用的节约和金融风险的降低。     

完善结构性减税政策的着力点与路径选择

根据目前我国所面临的新形势、新任务,完善结构性减税政策的着力点应该放在三个方面:针对特定税种进行有增有减的调整,促进税制结构的优化;针对特定群体实行减税或增税政策,实现税收负担的公平;将结构性减税与经济结构调整对接,助推经济结构的优化。立足于这三大着力点,完善结构性减税政策的基本路径选择为:推进增值税扩围改革;调整消费税;减免部分进口环节税收;实行综合与分类相结合的个人所得税制;进一步完善企业所得税优惠政策;深化个人住房房产税改革;全面推广资源税;研究开征环境保护税等新税种。     

The Investment Incentive Effects of Land Use Regulations

This paper provides an overview and synthesis of the results from recent studies of how different types of land use regulations affect land development incentives. The presentation is nontechnical and focuses on uncovering general principles for the dynamic effects of such policies. It explains why the risk of regulation leads to faster development of unregulated land and how the effect on structural densities reflects the underlying pattern of growth in the demand for land by competing uses. It also discusses how the general pattern of timing and density responses for regulated property reflect the same growth patterns in demand.     

物业税改革对地区间税收分配差距的影响

本文通过对地区间税收分配差距指标的分析,认为开征物业税很可能会扩大我国地区间税收分配差距。在当前物业税改革过程中,需要充分重视该问题的研究。建议将土地出让金制度和财政转移支付制度改革,作为物业税改革总体规划的重要配套措施,统筹设计相关制度,以有效防止地区间税收分配差距的不合理扩大,促进地区间经济协调、平衡发展。     

Would a Flat‐Rate Tax Stimulate Entrepreneurship in Germany? A Behavioural Microsimulation Analysis Allowing for Risk*

When potential income tax reforms are debated, the suspected impact on entrepreneurship is often used as an argument in favour of or against a certain policy. Quantitative ex‐ante evaluations of the effect of certain tax reform options on entrepreneurship are very rare, however. This paper estimates the ex‐ante effects of the German tax reform 2000 and of two hypothetical flat‐rate tax scenarios on entries into and exits out of self‐employment based on a structural microsimulation model with econometrically estimated transition rates under risk. The simulation results indicate that flatter tax systems do not encourage people to choose self‐employment, but rather discourage them from doing so. This is explained by the reduction of entrepreneurs' income risk through progressive taxation.     

我国现行税制收入分配效应的实证分析

本文以我国城镇居民为研究对象,通过构建税收分配效应、税收累进性模型,实证分析了我国整体税制及主要税种的收入分配效应,研究结果表明：我国的直接税发挥了收入分配的正效应,间接税发挥了收入分配的负效应,受税制结构影响,我国整体税制的收入分配效应为负.提高直接税比例、适当降低间接税比例以优化税制结构是我国今后税制改革的重点.     

Capital Mobility and Source-Based Taxation of Capital Income in Small Open Economies

This paper examines the taxation of capital income in a small open economy that faces a highly elastic supply of internationally mobile capital and increasing tax competition. The analysis considers a wide variety of additional factors that affect the determination of capital income taxation policy, including the desire to tax economic rents earned by foreign and domestic firms, the desire to take advantage of any treasury transfer effects, the role played by transfer pricing and other financial accounting manipulations by foreign multinationals, the need for a backstop to the personal income tax and various political concerns. The paper evaluates several potential income and consumption-based tax reforms in this context. JEL Code: H21, H25, H87     

日本房地产税制改革及其启示

本文认为,我国目前房地产市场环境与日本20世纪七八十年代面临的环境有颇多相似之处,因而日本房地产税制改革的经验对我国有很好的启示作用。第二次世界大战后日本房地产税收政策先后进行了7次较大的改革和调整,文章对此进行了较详细的梳理,并评价了其政策效应,以期为我国充分运用财税政策,加大房地产市场宏观调控力度,提供借鉴和思路。     

再谈环境保护税设置——基于两类竞争制造企业环保技术创新策略的演化博弈

利用演化博弈模型分析处在竞争的两类制造企业(在位企业和进入企业)的环保技术创新策略问题,考量以环境保护税为主体的环保规制如何科学设置才能更好地促进制造业企业的环保创新.研究发现:创新效应和市场需求均影响企业创新策略演化的均衡结果,并在两阶段博弈分析的基础上,得出市场需求和创新效应共同作用下两类制造企业的生产策略选择方案.因此,环境保护税的改革与实施应注意掌握好时点,税率的设置应充分考虑不同行业环保创新效应和产品市场需求,进行区别化的、动态的税率设置,并加大其他税种对环境保护税的支持.     

“营改增”政策与产业链重整——基于山东德正达物流案例的分析

"营改增"作为我国十二五期间结构性减税的重大政策,正给企业发展带来实质性影响。本文通过对比山东德正达物流公司实施"营改增"政策前后的经营情况后发现:从短期看,"营改增"政策对物流企业税收不减反增;从长远看,"营改增"政策有助于推动企业进一步分工细化、转型升级,扩充企业生存发展空间;企业适应政策变化的能力和实际收益正相关。本文据此对未来金融业的"营改增"改革进行了前瞻性分析。     

浅议城市房地产税中土地使用权的计税依据

城市房地产税的计税依据是企业账载的房屋原值,土地使用权是房屋价值的重要组成部分。由于土地和房屋的使用年限不同,并且存在道路、绿化等独立于房屋之外的土地,如何在时间和空间上界定城市房地产税中土地使用权的计税依据,本文结合税法及企业会计制度的现行规定,根据城市房地产税的立法精神,对此问题进行了阐述。     

国际视角下中国环境税研究

目前,环境税体系在欧盟国家已经相对成熟,中国的环境税的开征方案也正在制定过程中。本文厘清了国际上不同口径的环境税定义,并分析了环境税的经济效应,最后,阐述了中国开征环境税的必要性及改革思路。     

中国结构性减税的政策路径分析

实施结构性减税,既是我国在当前经济低迷时期促进经济稳定增长的有效手段,也是我国优化税制结构、降低宏观税收负担的主要途径。在我国存在税收征管目标与结构性减税政策矛盾的情况下,我国应进一步完善征管理念,加强征管法制建设,将结构性减税政策落到实处。