中国金融体系“二元结构”对产业结构的影响研究

文章基于"二元结构"的金融体系的不同特点,研究银行主导型金融体系和市场主导型金融体系对中国产业结构优化升级的不同影响。实证研究结果表明在中国的金融结构当中,产业结构优化升级产更多是受到股票市场而非银行的影响,市场主导型的金融体系才是影响产业结构优化升级的关键因素,另外银行主导型以及市场主导型的金融制度对产业结构优化升级的作用方向也有所不同。     

“金砖国家”的经济和金融发展:一个比较性概览——金砖国家金融发展的特征与趋势(上)

在五个金砖国家中,只有中国的金融体系具有典型的银行主导型特征,而其他四国则都偏于市场主导型.如果用银行业总资产与股票市场市值之比来衡量一国金融体系的结构的话,根据世界银行和Wind资讯数据测算的结果,那么中国的金融体系结构指数为2.93,靠近典型的银行主导型国家德国和日本;南非为0.39,低于美国,表明南非的金融体系中股票市场远比银行业发达,而巴西、印度和俄罗斯则与英国接近,也属于偏向市场主导型金融体系的国家.     

最优金融结构与金融结构缺口研究

为了更加深入地探究金融结构与经济增长的关系,本文基于50国的面板数据,使用分位数回归方法,重新估算了银行主导型和市场主导型金融结构与真实人均GDP之间的相关性,并阐明经济增长对金融中介和市场发展存在差异化的边际需求弹性。在此基础上,本文通过估计OECD国家的最优金融结构,测算了金融结构缺口及其与经济增长的重要关系。     

“金砖国家”的经济和金融发展：一个比较性概览——金砖国家金融发展的特征与趋势（上）

在五个金砖国家中．只有中国的金融体系具有典型的银行主导型特征，而其他四国则都偏于市场主导型。如果用银行业总资产与股票市场市值之比来衡量一国金融体系的结构的话，     

转轨经济国家的金融发展:经验与借鉴

<正>一、两种金融制度:银行主导型与市场主导型Barth,Nolle and Rice(1997)对英、美、日、法、德金融制度结构研究后发现,世界主要发达国家的金融制度存在着很大的差异性。一般地,根据某种类型的融资契约在承担金融系统核心功能方面所占的主导地位可以将金融制度结构划分为银行主导型金融制度与市场主导型金融制度,这构成了我们研究金融制度结构的起点。当然,把金融结构简单化地划分为这样两种类型,难免存在一定的含糊性;但就世界经济发展的实践情况来看,证券市场在     

银行主导型和市场主导型:我国金融体系的历史起点和未来趋势

在渐进改革的初始阶段，为了满足政权存续的效用，国家必然设置并维持银行主导型金融体系，通过国家控制的银行给低效的国有经济提供金融补贴。当国有经济的式微或大规模变革不再对国家政权的生存构成威胁时，国家维持银行主导型金融体系的收益递减，而其成本则由于国有银行的败德行为而加速递增，国家就有激励放弃银行主导型金融体系的制度安排。银行主导型金融体系将逐步弱化，而市场主导型金融体系则有所增强，银行主导型金融体系正是市场主导型金融体系的逻辑起点。     

法国金融制度：由非典型的银行主导型向市场主导型演进

本文首先从量性分析角度通过对近二三十年来法国非金融企业融资结构和美国、英国、德国与日本的比较，发现了其演变趋势和特征，然后结合对企业同银行与金融市场的关系变化的质性研究，展示了法国金融制度从非典型的银行主导型向市场主导型演进的趋势和脉络，并试图探索这种正在进行的渐进式金融制度变迁的原因。     

国际金融系统演进趋势及我国的选择

金融系统是经济的核心和基础，其模式选择对于一国经济长期增长发挥着至关重要的作用。本文对市场主导型及银行主导型金融系统加以比较，对国际金融系统演进趋势给予分析，之后对当前我国金融系统改革面临的约束条件予以归列，最后，提出转轨时期我国金融系统的改革应选择银行主导型模式，使银行在金融领域发挥主导作用，并提出若干具体意见。     

国际金融系统演进趋势与我国的选择

金融系统是经济的核心和基础,其模式选择对于一国经济长期增长发挥着至关重要的作用.本文对市场主导型及银行主导型金融系统加以比较,对国际金融系统演进趋势给予分析,之后对当前我国金融系统改革面临的约束条件予以归列,最后,提出转轨时期我国金融系统的改革应选择银行主导型模式,使银行在金融领域发挥主导作用,并提出若干具体意见.     

比较金融体制与中国目前的选择

基于金融功能观，市场主导型和银行主导型这两种金融体制都为促进各国经济增长提供了强有力的支持。但是，从释放经济增长所累积的风险，避免发生经济危机角度看，银行体系非但不能提供一种将风险释放到系统之外的内在机制，而且其自身内部风险的最终释放还得依赖于金融市场提供的流动性和风险分担功能。因此，目前中国应当选择市场主导型金融体制，才能获得可持续的经济增长，从而避免金融、经济危机的发生。     

Economic Globalization and Financial Development in East Asia: A Panel Cointegration and Causality Analysis

This study examines the role of economic globalization in financial development in eight East Asian economies. The heterogeneous panel cointegration test reveals that cointegration is present among economic globalization, institutions, financial development, real gross domestic product per capita, and financial reforms. The Granger causality test results indicate that economic globalization has a significant causal influence on institutional quality, and institutional reforms have in turn facilitated and supported financial development, in particular of the banking sector in East Asia. Economic globalization is also found to have a favorable causal impact on stock market development without going through the institutional quality channel.     

Assessing time-varying stock market integration in Economic and Monetary Union for normal and crisis periods

In this paper, we examine the stock market integration process amongst 17 Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) countries from January 2002 to June 2013 over a normal period as well as for the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and Eurozone Debt Crisis (EDC) periods. We classify the economies in three groups (A, B and C) based on their GDP to examine whether the economic size influences financial integration. Seven indicators are used for the purpose, namely, beta convergence, sigma convergence, variance ratio, asymmetric DCC, dynamic cointegration, market synchronisation measure and common components approach. The results suggest that large-sized EMU economies (termed as Group A) exhibit strong stock market integration. Moderate integration is observed for middle-sized EMU economies with old membership (termed as Group B). Small-sized economies (termed as Group C) economies seemed to be least integrated within the EMU stock market system. The findings further suggest presence of contagion effects as one moves from normal to crisis periods, which are specifically stronger for more integrated economies of Group A. We recommend institutional, regulatory and other policy reforms for Group B and especially Group C to achieve higher level of integration.     

The Puzzle of Persistently Negative Interest‐Rate–Growth Differentials: Financial Repression or Income Catch‐Up?

The interest‐rate–growth differential (IRGD) plays a critical role in determining the sustainability of government debt. Yet it is striking that IRGDs are correlated with income levels, and are generally negative in emerging and developing economies, which contradicts standard economic theory. Negative IRGDs constitute a powerful debt‐stabilising force, driving down debt ratios or keeping them stable even in the presence of persistent primary deficits. Motivated by the puzzling facts, this paper examines the IRGDs for a large panel of advanced and non‐advanced economies by utilising a newly assembled data set. The evidence shows that large negative IRGDs in emerging and developing economies are largely due to real interest rates well below market equilibrium – stemming from financial repression and captive and distorted markets – whereas the income catch‐up process plays a relatively modest role. Therefore, the IRGD in non‐advanced economies is likely to rise with financial market development and financial global integration, perhaps even before their GDP per capita converges to advanced‐economy levels.     

金融机构现金收支对人均GDP的影响——基于建国60年来数据的实证分析

本文运用我国1953～2007年金融机构现金收支与人均GDP数据,实证分析了建国60年来我国金融机构现金收支对人均GDP的影响。Johansen协整检验表明,我国金融机构现金收支与人均GDP之间存在长期的稳定关系;脉冲响应和方差分解表明,金融机构现金收支总额对人均GDP的冲击都存在时滞但方向相反;与金融机构现金收入总额的作用相比,金融机构现金支出总额对人均GDP的方差贡献率相对较大。该实证结果的政策含义是,在我国运用货币政策调节宏观经济是有效的,但政策的制定需要在对宏观经济形势准确预测的基础上具有一定的前瞻性。在全球金融危机发生后,我国及时推行宽松的货币政策,其政策取向是正确的。     

Stock market liberalization and innovation

We investigate the effect of stock market liberalization on technological innovation. Using a sample of 20 economies that experience stock market liberalization, we find that these economies exhibit a higher level of innovation output after liberalization and that this effect is disproportionately stronger in more innovative industries. The relaxation of financial constraints, enhanced risk sharing between domestic and foreign investors, and improved corporate governance are three plausible channels that allow stock market liberalization to promote innovation. Finally, we show that technological innovation is a mechanism through which stock market liberalization affects productivity growth and therefore economic growth. Our paper provides new insights into the real effects of stock market liberalization on productivity growth and the economy.     

Stock market synchronization and monetary integration

This paper focuses on the relationship between stock market comovements and monetary integration. A panel specification is used to explain bilateral stock market return correlations between fifteen developed economies over the period 1975-2006. Time fixed effects are included to capture global shocks and we also examine the role of bilateral trade linkages and international financial integration. Monetary integration leads to stronger stock market synchronization, both through the elimination of exchange rate volatility and through the common monetary policy and the convergence of inflation expectations. Trade and financial integration also contribute to higher stock market return comovements.     

CHOOSING THE RIGHT FINANCIAL SYSTEM FOR GROWTH

Well‐functioning financial systems promote economic growth by channeling funds from those who save to those who invest in the productive capacity of economies. What are the main features of a well functioning system? Are well developed capital markets essential to the process? Or are commercial banks and other “private” sources of capital capable of bringing about the same levels of growth and prosperity? In this article, the authors use information about the financial systems of a large number of both developed and developing countries to examine various relationships between a country's financial structure and its overall economic performance. Perhaps most important, the authors report a significantly positive correlation, using data for 34 countries, between the size of a country's financial system—measured by the total of commercial bank assets, equity market capitalization, and bonds outstanding—and economic development (as measured by GDP per capita). At the same time, the authors also provide evidence that banks (or loans) and capital markets (or securities) are complements, not substitutes, in promoting economic development, and that the presence of foreign‐owned banks (though not state‐owned banks) has a positive association with growth. In other words, both private banks and capital markets are likely to play important, though different roles in channeling funds from savers to investors.     

Do Stock Index Futures Affect Economic Growth? Evidence from 32 Countries

This article investigates the relationship between stock index futures markets development and economic growth using time-series methods for 32 developed and developing countries. Evidence of cointegration between stock index futures and real economy in 29 countries suggests the presence of co-movements among the variables, indicating long-run stationarity in those countries. Our findings show that there is Granger-causality from stock index futures markets development to economic growth for middle-income countries with relatively low real per capita GDP, and Granger-causality in the reverse direction for the countries with high real per capita GDP. Variance decomposition and impulse-response function (IRF) analyses results support the existence of a relationship between stock index futures and real economy.     

我国税收结构与经济增长关系的实证检验

根据我国1985～2008年样本数据,利用多元线性回归模型对我国税收结构与经济增长的关系进行实证检验,结果表明:流转税、所得税(尤其是个人所得税)份额的增加有利于人均GDP的增长,财产税的经济效应尚未体现,宏观税负和赤字融资的增加已经抑制了人均GDP的增长。目前我国需要进一步完善税制,加强征收管理,提高所得税份额,减少债务融资规模。