融资结构、经济效率与金融稳定性——基于新兴市场国家面板数据的实证检验北大核心CSSCI

新兴市场国家融资结构发展是否合理,直接关系到经济效率与稳定性。本文使用1996-2017年新兴市场国家融资结构、经济效率与金融稳定性相关数据,设定系统广义矩估计动态面板模型分析了三者之间的相关性。研究结果表明,新兴市场融资结构直接影响该国的经济效率与金融稳定性,其中资本市场融资渠道对全要素生产率(TFP)具有正面推动作用,而信贷融资渠道对经济效率的影响相对较小;从金融稳定性角度上,合理的信贷融资渠道对金融系统稳定性起到更加重要的作用。据此本文的政策含义在于,新兴市场国家在优化融资结构的同时,需保持合理的杠杆率水平,才能实现金融系统的稳定与效率的提升。     

移民汇款、金融发展与收入不平等——基于114个发展中国家跨国面板数据的研究

利用1981年至2017年114个发展中国家非平衡面板数据,基于库兹涅茨曲线设定移民汇款影响收入不平等的计量经济学模型,从移民汇款与金融发展互补性角度就国际移民汇款对收入不平等的影响以及这一影响的异质性特征进行实证考察;并使用不同的计量经济学方法,附加控制变量与子样本进行进一步检验,证明本文实证结果有效可信。结果发现,只有通过金融中介作用移民汇款才会发挥其改善收入不平等的积极作用,即移民汇款对收入不平等的影响取决于收款国金融发展水平,证实了移民汇款与金融发展之间存在互补性关系。进一步的检验证实了结果的有效性和稳健性,但由于金融发展程度存在差异,移民汇款对收入不平等的影响在不同金融发展水平国家之间有所差异。在金融相对发达国家,移民汇款通过改善收入不平等提高了贫困人口收入水平。然而,在金融发展相对落后国家,移民汇款却加剧了收入不平等。异质性检验也表明,中高收入国家移民汇款通过制度的中介作用对收入不平等的作用大于中低收入国家。     

移民汇款、金融发展与收入不平等——基于114个发展中国家跨国面板数据的研究

利用1981年至2017年114个发展中国家非平衡面板数据,基于库兹涅茨曲线设定移民汇款影响收入不平等的计量经济学模型,从移民汇款与金融发展互补性角度就国际移民汇款对收入不平等的影响以及这一影响的异质性特征进行实证考察;并使用不同的计量经济学方法,附加控制变量与子样本进行进一步检验,证明本文实证结果有效可信。结果发现,只有通过金融中介作用移民汇款才会发挥其改善收入不平等的积极作用,即移民汇款对收入不平等的影响取决于收款国金融发展水平,证实了移民汇款与金融发展之间存在互补性关系。进一步的检验证实了结果的有效性和稳健性,但由于金融发展程度存在差异,移民汇款对收入不平等的影响在不同金融发展水平国家之间有所差异。在金融相对发达国家,移民汇款通过改善收入不平等提高了贫困人口收入水平。然而,在金融发展相对落后国家,移民汇款却加剧了收入不平等。异质性检验也表明,中高收入国家移民汇款通过制度的中介作用对收入不平等的作用大于中低收入国家。     

融资银行化的缺陷与治理对策

市场融资与银行融资对金融稳定的利弊分析 直接融资(市场融资)和间接融资(银行融资)是融资的两种渠道,其各自有其优劣,对具体国家而言,融资制度合适与否,关键是根据各国的实际情况来合理调节和安排直接融资和间接融资的比例.     

广西企业直接融资问题研究

发展直接融资是当前和今后较长时期内我国经济金融发展的一项重要任务。当前,广西融资结构不合理,直接融资规模小,融资渠道单一,参与直接融资的企业少。本文从多个角度分析广西企业直接融资问题存在的原因,提出要做好“四个优化”,不断增强广西企业参与直接融资的兴趣和能力。     

金融发展、城市化与城乡居民收入差距研究

本文通过构建一个二元分析框架对我国金融发展、城市化与城乡居民收入差距之间的作用机制进行了分析,并采用向量误差修正模型(VECM)进行实证分析,得到结论:在经济和金融存在城乡二元结构的条件下,农村部门外部融资度的提高将提高农村部门居民的收入水平,同样的,城市部门外部融资度的提高也将提高城市部门居民的收入水平,但是整体金融发展水平的提高将扩大城乡居民收入差距,而其影响具有滞后性。金融城乡二元结构的缓解和城市化都有利于缩小城乡居民收入差距,但是金融城乡二元结构的缓解将延缓城市化进程,而金融发展对城市化具有促进作用,并进而通过城市化这一中介变量间接缩小城乡居民收入差距。本文并对结论背后的政策含义进行了阐述。     

金融结构、通胀预期与融资成本短期波动:基于VEC模型的实证研究北大核心CSSCISSCI

本文构建短期动态VEC模型,并利用我国2000年第一季度至2014年第四季度数据来实证研究金融总供给、金融总需求、融资供给结构、融资需求结构和通胀预期对我国融资成本的短期波动影响及动态效应,并进行了稳健性分析。实证结果表明:(1)我国融资成本短期波动更多来源于金融结构和通胀预期变化。在金融结构中,金融总供给中的狭义金融深化比例的变化对融资成本短期波动有负向影响且最显著,金融总需求的变化对融资成本短期波动有正向影响,融资供给结构的变化对融资成本短期波动有负向影响,但不显著,融资需求期限结构、主体结构和功能结构的变化分别对融资成本短期波动有负向、正向、正向影响,但融资需求主体结构影响不显著;在通胀预期中,适应性预期和理性预期的变化对融资成本短期波动均有正向影响,且理性预期影响较显著。(2)冲击响应分析和方差分解表明,狭义金融深化比例、广义金融深化比例、金融总需求、融资供给结构、融资需求期限结构、融资需求功能结构、适应性通胀预期、理性通胀预期的冲击均会在短期内引起融资成本较大波动,而狭义金融深化比例、广义金融深化比例、金融总需求、融资需求期限结构、融资需求功能结构和理性预期的冲击对融资成本方差贡献率较大。     

金融包容性发展与包容性金融体系的构建

世界银行提出的包容性增长为破解发展中国家内部经济发展不平衡提供了思路,也为金融改革提供了方向。本文从理论上阐述了金融性包容发展的概念和意义,继而从收入平等、私人部门发展和城乡二元结构等三个角度分析了中国金融发展的不包容性,最后从金融市场、金融组织结构和金融监管等角度提出了建立包容性金融体系的思路和对策。     

优化社会融资结构的路径选择

近年来．我国社会融资总量快速扩张,社会融资结构日趋多元化,要更好地发挥金融对实体经济的支持作用,既要着眼于社会融资总规模．也要关注融资结构的变迁。本文从融资结构的角度,在分析金融与实体经济关系以及我国社会融资结构变迁情况的基础上,认为直接融资快速发展有利于提高金融对实体经济支持的效率,优化社会融资结构需要监管机构、政府、企业和包括银行在内的金融机构的共同努力。     

金融结构缺陷与中小企业融资困境——基于温州企业债务风险的启示

2011年温州出现的中小企业债务危机引起了国内外的密切关注,从理论上研究和探讨危机爆发的原因,是从根本上解决中小企业融资问题的出路所在。本文从金融结构视角分析了我国中小企业融资难问题,认为我国当前金融结构滞后于经济发展是造成中小企业融资难的根本原因,包括金融机构结构的失调、融资渠道不通畅、融资服务环境不完善。并在此基础上,立足于长远发展角度提出了完善金融结构是解决中小企业融资难问题根本途径。     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.