浅谈我国城镇居民收入分配差距对消费的影响

收入分配差距与消费需求的关系问题一直是社会所关注的热点问题。随着改革开放进程不断推进,我国经济经历了三十余年的快速增长,但收入分配差距却呈现出了扩大的趋势,进而直接或间接地影响我国居民的消费需求,使我国居民消费率长期处于较低水平。本文以消费理论研究为基础,深入研究收入分配差距对消费需求的影响,探寻缩小收入分配差距与提升消费需求的政策建议,具有一定的理论与现实意义。本文通过分析城镇居民收入差距对中低收入组居民的消费行为和消费倾向的影响,指出由于收入差距扩大,导致中低收入组居民的收入预期下降,支出预期上升,从而得出我国经济增长应更多地依靠缩小城镇居民收入差距,刺激消费需求扩大的结论。     

浅谈我国城镇居民收入分配差距对消费的影响

收入分配差距与消费需求的关系问题一直是社会所关注的热点问题。随着改革开放进程不断推进,我国经济经历了三十余年的快速增长,但收入分配差距却呈现出了扩大的趋势,进而直接或间接地影响我国居民的消费需求,使我国居民消费率长期处于较低水平。本文以消费理论研究为基础,深入研究收入分配差距对消费需求的影响,探寻缩小收入分配差距与提升消费需求的政策建议,具有一定的理论与现实意义。本文通过分析城镇居民收入差距对中低收入组居民的消费行为和消费倾向的影响,指出由于收入差距扩大,导致中低收入组居民的收入预期下降,支出预期上升,从而得出我国经济增长应更多地依靠缩小城镇居民收入差距,刺激消费需求扩大的结论。     

调整工资对市场和消费的影响初探

1997年以来,我国经济增长速度放慢,城乡居民收入增长趋缓,城镇居民收入差距拉大,加上居民对支出预期的增加,使我国内需萎缩,消费下滑。1998年12月中央经济工作会议明确提出,1999年要“把扩大国内需求     

对山东省居民消费状况分析与建议

2001年山东省城镇居民消费支出平稳增长,但消费需求持续增长的支撑力度不足,需要加以引导。一是规范居民收入分配机制,切实调节收入差距;二是培植居民消费的主导产品;三是提高产品质量,稳定居民健康的消费心态。     

动态耦合视角下的收入分配与消费需求

改革开放至今,我国经济持续快速增长。居民整体生活水平不断提高,但同时收入分配不平等的问题也越来越突出。收入差距主要包含城乡收入差距、行业间收入差距、所有制下收入差距和地区间收入差距,本文将从上述四个维度度对收入差距与消费需求的关联度进行计算、分析。从我国整体收入差距来看,2010年我国基尼系数已经达到了0.438。从城乡收入差距来看,2015年我国城乡居民收入比达到了2.73:1,而国际上的最高标准为2。我国居民收入差距将作用于收入分配制度同时也受到收入分配制度的影响,我国居民收入差距的扩大使得城乡居民消费差距增大,抑制总消费,导致内需严重不足。我国拉动经济增长的三驾马车分别是消费需求、投资、出口,而消费需求占据主导位置,决定着一个国家经济发展的速度。因此,本文将从城乡收入差距、地区收入差距、所有制收入差距和行业收入差距等角度分析收入差距与消费需求的关系,以及二者之间的关系将如何影响我国经济增长,并解释目前我国经济高速增长与收入差距并存的原因。     

居民收入差距与经济增长关系的实证研究

居民收入差距和经济增长的关系,一直是中国学术界研究的重点。文章主要基于1978～2010年的数据,对中国的居民收入差距与经济增长之间的关系做实证分析。作者认为:城乡居民收入差距和农村居民收入差距的扩大对中国的经济增长有抑制作用,城镇居民收入差距的扩大对经济增长有促进作用,且都存在长期协整关系。进而提出缩小居民收入差距的相应措施,减少其对经济增长的抑制作用,推动经济合理快速增长。     

居民收入差距与经济增长关系的实证研究

居民收入差距和经济增长的关系,一直是中国学术界研究的重点。文章主要基于1978～2010年的数据,对中国的居民收入差距与经济增长之间的关系做实证分析。作者认为:城乡居民收入差距和农村居民收入差距的扩大对中国的经济增长有抑制作用,城镇居民收入差距的扩大对经济增长有促进作用,且都存在长期协整关系。进而提出缩小居民收入差距的相应措施,减少其对经济增长的抑制作用,推动经济合理快速增长。     

对韩城市城镇居民消费需求变化和支出预期的调查分析

韩城市城镇居民消费需求变化与支出预期特征是,消费倾向稳中趋降,储蓄意愿稳中有升;居民消费心态稳定;即期消费档次不断提高;未来支出预期结构发生了变化;不同收入水平的居民消费意向不同。影响城镇居民消费的主要因素是,收入水平仍显偏低;收入差距较大;未来消费预期不确定,居民即期消费能力削弱。增加居民收入,刺激消费需求增长;优化消费品供给结构,创造良好的消费环境;完善社会保障体系,建立城镇居民小额保险制度;鼓励和推行新的消费方式,提升居民消费品位;拓展消费信贷,促使消费增长应成为努力方向。     

广西居民收入与保险需求关系实证分析

运用广西自治区1991-2010年的经济数据,对广西城镇居民收入、农村居民收入及城乡收入差距与保险密度四个变量进行协整分析,并对其建立误差修正模型。实证分析的结果表明城镇居民收入的增加对保险需求具有促进作用,而广西居民收入差距和农村居民的收入却和保险需求具有反向变动关系。所以必须全面提高全区居民生活水平,降低城乡收入差距,才能促进广西保险业的健康发展。     

我国居民收入差距分析及运用税收调节个人收入的思考

改革开放二十多年来，随着经济建设的快速发展和综合国力的显增强，我国人民生活也发生了历史性的巨大变化。21年里，城镇居民人均可支配收入实际增长2．6倍，农村居民人均纯收入实际增长3．7倍，居民储蓄存款增长282倍，消费环境和消费结构明显改善，消费水平和消费质量显提高。但是，在居民整体生活水平提高的同时，由于多种因素的作用，我国居民收入差距明显扩大且有进一步拉大的趋势。最突出的问题是，城乡之间收入、消费差距过大，城乡居民内部之间收入贫富悬殊问题逐步明显，应采取切实措施，加强宏观调控，调节收入分配，防止因贫富差距的无限扩大而偏离、危害共同富裕的目标。     

Cost accounting standard and cost accounting systems in Japan. Lessons from the past - recovering lost traditions

This paper aims to show two things. The first is how Japanese culture has contributed to the development of Japanese cost accounting history. The second is to reveal the research possibilities of cost accounting history. This paper also reviews the salient features of several important examples of these aspects of cost accounting practice in Japan. It therefore explores, through some practical illustrations, how and why Japanese cost accounting differs from that found in the West.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

【正】The China Journal of Accounting Research‘‘CJAR’’(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditin...     

Shared Standard Setting in the Public Interest:A Strong Model

正The last two decades have been a definitive era in the evolution of the accountancy profession.In the wake of major corporate scandals at the turn of the century,an international public debate arose on the need for more effective and well-considered regulation;this debate then reignited during the global financial and sovereign debt crises.     

HOW TO PUT TOGETHER A COMPLETE PACKAGE

正Many Institute members know they cannot rely purely on technical knowledge and business acumen to remain competitive.As soft skills are increasingly important,Jemelyn Yadao finds out how CPAs can maintain     

Bayesian Risk Management for Equity-Linked Insurance

This paper describes how to apply Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques to a regime switching model of the stock price process to generate a sample from the joint posterior distribution of the parameters of the model. The MCMC output can be used to generate a sample from the predictive distribution of losses from equity linked contracts, assuming first an actuarial approach to risk management and secondly a financial economics approach. The predictive distribution is used to show the effect of parameter uncertainty on risk management calculations. We also explore model uncertainty by assuming a GARCH model in place of the regime switching model. The results indicate that the financial economics approach to risk management is substantially more robust to parameter uncertainty and model uncertainty than the actuarial approach.     

The historical significance of the revaluation of fixed assets in Japan's state-owned railway system, 1955-6

The Government Railways of Japan (GRJ) established a fixed assets accounting system on the accruals basis after the Second World War. The revaluation of tangible fixed assets was indispensable for GRJ's introduction of depreciation in 1948. GRJ scheduled the revaluation to secure a reasonable depreciation expense, because the company had applied the replacement method to all tangible fixed assets since its foundation in 1869. At the same time, GRJ assumed the balance of the revaluation reserve account to be a means of dealing with possible future accumulated losses.     

Effects of speculation and interest rates in a “carry trade” model of commodity prices

The paper presents and estimates a model of the prices of oil and other storable commodities, a model that can be characterized as reflecting the carry trade. It focuses on speculative factors, here defined as the trade-off between interest rates on the one hand and market participants' expectations of future price changes on the other hand. It goes beyond past research by bringing to bear new data sources: survey data to measure expectations of future changes in commodity prices and options data to measure perceptions of risk. Some evidence is found of a negative effect of interest rates on the demand for inventories and thereby on commodity prices and positive effects of expected future price gains on inventory demand and thereby on today's commodity prices.     

Optimal Dynamic Premium Control in Non-life Insurance. Maximizing Dividend Pay-outs

In this paper we consider the problem of finding optimal dynamic premium policies in non-life insurance. The reserve of a company is modeled using the classical Cramér-Lundberg model with premium rates calculated via the expected value principle. The company controls dynamically the relative safety loading with the possibility of gaining or loosing customers. It distributes dividends according to a 'barrier strategy' and the objective of the company is to find an optimal premium policy and dividend barrier maximizing the expected total, discounted pay-out of dividends. In the case of exponential claim size distributions optimal controls are found on closed form, while for general claim size distributions a numerical scheme for approximations of the optimal control is derived. Based on the idea of De Vylder going back to the 1970s, the paper also investigates the possibilities of approximating the optimal control in the general case by using the closed form solution of an approximating problem with exponential claim size distributions.     

'More a national asset than an investor's paradise': financial management and the British Motor Corporation, 1952-68

This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of financial management in the British motor industry in the 1950s and 1960s. We question whether US ownership automatically implied greater financial control and immunity from capital market pressures and discuss whether the problems BMC/BMH (British Motor Corporation/British Motor Holdings) experienced were symptomatic of the absence of financial imperatives among British management at this time. Finally we widen the agenda to place our findings on financial management into a wider literature dealing more generally with the problems of managerial control and corporate governance within the motor vehicle industry in the 1950s and 1960s.     

Religion and stock price crash risk:Evidence from China

This paper investigates whether religious traditions influence firm-specific crash risk in China.Using a sample of A-share listed firms from 2003 to 2013,we pro...