中国农村金融制度交易成本的测度

本文通过建立农村金融制度交易成本的指标体系,利用主成分分析法对1979-2010年间中国农村金融制度交易成本的相对规模进行了测度,并运用农村金融发展的规模、效率和结构指标检验了相关测度指标在农村金融发展中的适用性.研究结果表明:农村金融制度交易成本的相对规模尚未达到能够对农村金融发展起阻碍作用的程度,未来应当通过促进农村金融市场的发展提高农村金融制度交易成本的调节作用;既有的制度安排和较高的交易成本不利于农村金融效率的提高和结构的改善,应通过制度变迁进一步促进农村金融的发展.     

制度分析框架内的国有企业效率探讨

本文从制度分析的方法出发,从自由与竞争、交易成本最小化以及竞争性维度对中国国有企业的效率进行了测度与评估。结果表明,我国国有企业虽然取得了巨大的成就,但仍存在严重的效率低下问题。政府应以企业市场竞争力为标准,改革现有的政企不分现状,从而引导国有企业生产效率的提高。     

国有企业的制度成本分析

目前,国有企业通过采用先进的技术、运用科学的管理方法等多种途径大大降低了生产成本,而同样对国有企业效率有着重要影响的制度成本却久高不下。产权模糊、机制不健全以及过高的代理成本等,是国有企业制度成本过高的主要原因。国有企业制度创新势在必行。     

国有企业会计管理的优化策略分析

进入到二十一世纪,我国的市场经济发展迅速,国有企业作为国民经济的支柱产业,为国民经济的发展起到了极大的促进作用.拥有严格的企业内部监管制度,加强企业会计监督职能,建立健全现代企业管理理念,能够帮助国有企业有效地进行内部控制,实现国有企业的稳步发展.会计管理作为企业控制内部管理的重要措施,在国有企业内部管理中受到了越来越多的重视.当前我国深化国有企业经济体制改革,进一步完善企业管理制度,本文通过对狗友企业管理现状的分析,提出了相对应的优化策略,包括建立健全企业会计监督机制,完善企业会计管理结构,建立企业内部控制制度,增强国有企业内部的职能转换能力,提高国有企业会计工作人员的综合业务水平.     

论国有企业改革中的交易成本

中国的国有企业在由计划经济转入市场经济的过程中，面临着巨大的压力、严峻的挑战和激烈的竞争，国有企业如何迎接这一挑战并发展壮大，许多问题接踵而来，本文从新制度经济学的解放角度，对国有企业改革变迁过程中与交易成本有关的几个问题进行探讨。     

新形势下资本人格弱化对我国国有企业管理的影响探究

资本人格化是资本运行中被自行赋予增殖的人格意志,同时有具体的人格化代表对其负责.我国国有企业在经济中占主导地位,所有者与经营者的分离,导致国有企业内生资本人格化与外生资本人格化的产生,同时也呈现出资本人格弱化的现象.资本人格弱化对我国国有企业管理产生经营者保值增值、责任意识不强,管理效率低,委托人与代理人目标偏差,交易成本增加等影响,因此应采取有效的措施解决资本人格弱化的现象.     

从交易成本视角研究政府采购电子化

政府采购支出在政府公共支出中占相当大的比重,通过降低政府采购成本,可以节省公共开支,提高财政资金的使用效率,实现政府采购的目标。因此,研究政府采购成本控制对促进政府采购事业的发展、完善我国财政支出管理具有积极意义。交易成本作为制度经济学的重要概念,被广泛应用。本文应用交易成本理论、委托代理理论等经济学理论,研究了政府采购电子化对降低政府采购中的交易成本的作用。通过电子化政府采购,能够降低交易成本、规范采购行为,保障政府采购过程的公平竞争、公开透明和公正。     

从猴王集团破产透视我国股票市场非规范化问题

建立股票市场的初衷:国有企业融资解困 在计划经济向市场转轨过程中,为了探求一条既能确保国有企业在国民经济中的主导地位、又能保证国有企业拥有稳定的资金来源的改革道路,九十年代初,以股份制改造为主的国有企业制度创新思路付诸实施,通过国有企业的股份制改组或改造以加强企业管理,实现企业经营制度的转变.以深沪两个证券交易所成立为标志建立起来的中国股票市场步入快速发展的轨道.     

管理会计在国有企业中的应用研究

近几年来,随着我国市场经济体制的逐渐确立,我国国有企业的经营环境也在逐渐转变,要想加强我国国有企业的内部经营管理方式,必须要注重管理会计理论方法上的研究,这已经逐渐成为现代化企业发展的重要内在要求之一.我国自上世纪七十年代末引进管理会计方法以来,虽然在会计界开展管理会计工作已有了三十多年的历史,但在企业的实际应用管理会计的情况却不是很乐观的.与此同时,随着国有企业改革的不断推进,国有企业经济上的信息发展也日趋完善,管理会计作为国有企业经济管理中的重要组成部分之一,应该引起国有企业经济管理上的重视.但是管理会计行业在我国的国有企业的实际应用中仍然存在很多问题,它离国有企业的实际需求还有很远的距离.本文就国有企业的管理会计方法进行了深入探析,找出管理会计在国有企业中存在的问题,并提出相应的解决对策.     

国有企业融资的信用制度分析

交易费用与国有企业融资信用制度 我国国有企业融资的制度性缺口的存在,原因固然是多方面的,但与信用和信用制度的稀缺紧密相关.国有企业融资的规模、结构及融资交易成本的大小都决定于其信用程度高低以及信用制度的健全与否.     

Cost accounting standard and cost accounting systems in Japan. Lessons from the past - recovering lost traditions

This paper aims to show two things. The first is how Japanese culture has contributed to the development of Japanese cost accounting history. The second is to reveal the research possibilities of cost accounting history. This paper also reviews the salient features of several important examples of these aspects of cost accounting practice in Japan. It therefore explores, through some practical illustrations, how and why Japanese cost accounting differs from that found in the West.     

Shared Standard Setting in the Public Interest:A Strong Model

正The last two decades have been a definitive era in the evolution of the accountancy profession.In the wake of major corporate scandals at the turn of the century,an international public debate arose on the need for more effective and well-considered regulation;this debate then reignited during the global financial and sovereign debt crises.     

HOW TO PUT TOGETHER A COMPLETE PACKAGE

正Many Institute members know they cannot rely purely on technical knowledge and business acumen to remain competitive.As soft skills are increasingly important,Jemelyn Yadao finds out how CPAs can maintain     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

【正】The China Journal of Accounting Research‘‘CJAR’’(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditin...     

Bayesian Risk Management for Equity-Linked Insurance

This paper describes how to apply Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques to a regime switching model of the stock price process to generate a sample from the joint posterior distribution of the parameters of the model. The MCMC output can be used to generate a sample from the predictive distribution of losses from equity linked contracts, assuming first an actuarial approach to risk management and secondly a financial economics approach. The predictive distribution is used to show the effect of parameter uncertainty on risk management calculations. We also explore model uncertainty by assuming a GARCH model in place of the regime switching model. The results indicate that the financial economics approach to risk management is substantially more robust to parameter uncertainty and model uncertainty than the actuarial approach.     

The historical significance of the revaluation of fixed assets in Japan's state-owned railway system, 1955-6

The Government Railways of Japan (GRJ) established a fixed assets accounting system on the accruals basis after the Second World War. The revaluation of tangible fixed assets was indispensable for GRJ's introduction of depreciation in 1948. GRJ scheduled the revaluation to secure a reasonable depreciation expense, because the company had applied the replacement method to all tangible fixed assets since its foundation in 1869. At the same time, GRJ assumed the balance of the revaluation reserve account to be a means of dealing with possible future accumulated losses.     

Effects of speculation and interest rates in a “carry trade” model of commodity prices

The paper presents and estimates a model of the prices of oil and other storable commodities, a model that can be characterized as reflecting the carry trade. It focuses on speculative factors, here defined as the trade-off between interest rates on the one hand and market participants' expectations of future price changes on the other hand. It goes beyond past research by bringing to bear new data sources: survey data to measure expectations of future changes in commodity prices and options data to measure perceptions of risk. Some evidence is found of a negative effect of interest rates on the demand for inventories and thereby on commodity prices and positive effects of expected future price gains on inventory demand and thereby on today's commodity prices.     

Religion and stock price crash risk:Evidence from China

This paper investigates whether religious traditions influence firm-specific crash risk in China.Using a sample of A-share listed firms from 2003 to 2013,we pro...     

Optimal Dynamic Premium Control in Non-life Insurance. Maximizing Dividend Pay-outs

In this paper we consider the problem of finding optimal dynamic premium policies in non-life insurance. The reserve of a company is modeled using the classical Cramér-Lundberg model with premium rates calculated via the expected value principle. The company controls dynamically the relative safety loading with the possibility of gaining or loosing customers. It distributes dividends according to a 'barrier strategy' and the objective of the company is to find an optimal premium policy and dividend barrier maximizing the expected total, discounted pay-out of dividends. In the case of exponential claim size distributions optimal controls are found on closed form, while for general claim size distributions a numerical scheme for approximations of the optimal control is derived. Based on the idea of De Vylder going back to the 1970s, the paper also investigates the possibilities of approximating the optimal control in the general case by using the closed form solution of an approximating problem with exponential claim size distributions.     

'More a national asset than an investor's paradise': financial management and the British Motor Corporation, 1952-68

This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of financial management in the British motor industry in the 1950s and 1960s. We question whether US ownership automatically implied greater financial control and immunity from capital market pressures and discuss whether the problems BMC/BMH (British Motor Corporation/British Motor Holdings) experienced were symptomatic of the absence of financial imperatives among British management at this time. Finally we widen the agenda to place our findings on financial management into a wider literature dealing more generally with the problems of managerial control and corporate governance within the motor vehicle industry in the 1950s and 1960s.