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1.
文章对个人住房抵押贷款违约风险影响因素的文献进行了一个梳理和回顾,发现影响个人住房抵押贷款违约风险的因素总体上可以分为微观个体特征因素和外部宏观经济因素.个体特征可以区分出哪类借款人具有更高违约风险,外部宏观特征决定了借款人在哪些时间段和条件下具有更高违约风险.在个体特征方面,贷款价值比(LTV)、年龄、居住区域、还款方式、家庭收入、月还款额占家庭收入比例和住房面积等都是影响违约风险的重要因素;从外部宏观层面来看,房价变化、利率水平、季节等都是影响违约风险的重要因素.  相似文献   

2.
随着个人住房抵押贷款余额在我国商业银行信贷资产中所占的比重快速提高,违约风险问题日益成为理论界和实务界关注的一个焦点。文章在介绍和评述史密斯的状态跃迁理论、特瑞斯的再协商理论、个人住房抵押贷款违约期权理论以及消费者最优化选择理论的基础上,提出在我国应用这些理论加强个人住房抵押贷款违约风险管理的基本思路。  相似文献   

3.
一、个人贷款理性违约的概念违约风险是指银行在经营抵押贷款业务时面临的借款人因各种原因主动或被迫停止偿还部分或全部贷款的信贷风险。按借款人违约的主动性和被动性,可分为理性违约和被迫违约。所谓理性违约,即借款人觉得放弃继续还款可带来更大的利益时的违约行为。一般情况下,只有当房价出现下跌,特别是当跌幅超过借款人购房所支付全部费用时,借款人就容易选择停止继续支付贷款;另一种理性违约表现为提前还款,即当贷款利率下降时,借款人基于费用考虑选择提前偿还部分或全部贷款的情形,提前还款会增加银行成本,减少收益,但不会产生大的贷款风险。  相似文献   

4.
随着我国社会经济和居民收入的不断增长,贷款需求也在不断增大。但是在个人住房抵押贷款规模不断扩大的形势下,相应的违约风险防范机制却没有健全完善,导致了个人住房抵押贷款违约风险的扩大化。因此本文以西双版纳为例,通过对个人住房抵押贷款风险状况的分析,提出了防范违约风险的具体策略,以期在和广大同行交流的同时,促进个人住房抵押贷款市场的良好发展。  相似文献   

5.
我国个人住房抵押贷款违约风险根源剖析与治理   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
随着个人住房抵押贷款余额在银行信贷资产中所占份额的快速上升,个人住房抵押贷款违约风险日益成为人们关注和研究的焦点。从银行角度看,导致个人住房抵押贷款违约风险的发生既有经济社会层面的原因,又有微观层面的原因。通过探讨我国个人住房抵押贷款违约风险的表现形式及其形成根源,提出了治理我国个人住房抵押贷款违约风险的一个总体框架。  相似文献   

6.
个人住房抵押贷款被动违约是基于借款人发生财务困难等原因,导致无法按期支付住房抵押贷款而被银行收回房产的违约行为。本文采用问卷调查的方式,设计了个人收入降低、家庭支出增加、国家意外事件、个人意外事件、贷款特征、住房特征等六个因子,并利用SPSS社会科学统计软件包和LISREL8.53进行数据分析.从而探析各因子对个人住房抵押贷款被动违约风险的影响程度。  相似文献   

7.
随着个人住房抵押贷款业务规模不断扩大,提前还款风险问题日益突出,了解国外个人住房抵押贷款提前还款风险研究进展和状况,对我国商业银行有效进行提前还款风险管理具有重大意义。  相似文献   

8.
一、美国次贷危机形成的原因美国房地产次贷危机,也叫房地产"次级抵押贷款"危机。所谓次级抵押贷款是相对于优质和次优级抵押贷款而言的,是为信用等级不高、收入较低、债务负担大的借款人提供的信贷服务,需要借款人以住房或其他财产作为抵押。由于借款人的违约风险比较大,因此次级抵押贷款要求的利率比优质抵押贷款高得多,是一种典型的高风险、高收益的业务。发放次级抵押贷款的金融机构为了转移风险和回收资金,往往将其进行证券化,在资本市场出售。这样,次级抵押贷款就变成了资产  相似文献   

9.
<正>一、美国次贷危机形成的原因美国房地产次贷危机,也叫房地产"次级抵押贷款"危机。所谓次级抵押贷款是相对于优质和次优级抵押贷款而言的,是为信用等级不高、收入较低、债务负担大的借款人提供的信贷服务,需要借款人以住房或其他财产作为抵押。由于借款人的违约风险比较大,因此次级抵押贷款要求的利率比优质抵押贷款高得多,是一种典型的高风险、高收益的业务。发放次级抵押贷款的金融机构为了转移风险和回收资金,往往将其进行证券化,在资本市场出售。这样,次级抵押贷款就变成了资产  相似文献   

10.
住房抵押贷款是当前中国百姓购房的主要支付手段,也是商业银行开展消费贷款的重要业务。清楚认识并有效控制住房抵押贷款的违约风险,对商业银行房贷业务发展具有决定性意义。因此,运用博弈论的基本分析方法,模拟银行与借款人的客观情况,构建银行与借款人的博弈模型,分析了商业银行房贷业务违约风险的影响因素。模型分析表明,首付比率、房价变动以及借款人征信体系等因素对借款人的违约行为有显著影响,同时指出要有效控制住房抵押贷款的违约风险,可适当提高首付比率,密切关注房价变动,逐步完善借款人征信体系。  相似文献   

11.
本首先剖析了影响住房贷款违约风险的主要因素,然后引入Merton的结构化模型来分析住房贷款在等额偿还方式下违约风险的度量问题,并从横向和纵向两个角度,通过模拟计算得出房价波动率和无风险利率对住房贷款的违约概率、预期损失和违约风险溢价的影响规律以及这三个指标在贷款期内的变化规律。  相似文献   

12.
According to the Federal Reserve Board, banking firms have recently been shifting significantly larger portions of their loan portfolios into real estate. This increase in real estate lending has caused concern about the continuing economic health of banks on the part of state and federal regulators, since changes in real estate returns, evidenced by changes in property value, can potentially have a significant impact on bank default risk and profit-ability. However, concerned parties do not seem to have explicitly considered the relationship between mortgage default risk and the specific characteristics of real estate investments.This study examines the sensitivities of stock returns for different bank groups, based on the percentage of total loans in real estate and the percentage of loans in five different mortgage categories (construction and development loans, farmland loans, one- to four-family residential loans, multifamily residential loans, and nonresidential and nonfarm loans), to changes in real estate market returns. This is done by developing and using a three-index model.The results of this study indicate that bank stocks, overall, are very sensitive to changes in real estae returns. Banks, with a larger portion of their total loans invested in all types of real estate loans, except farmland loans, are most sensitive to changes in real estate returns.  相似文献   

13.
One of the major developments in real estate finance during the 1990s was the emergence of a viable market for commercial mortgage backed securities. The growth in this market has spurred greater interest in empirical and theoretical research on commercial mortgage default and prepayment. We employ a competing risks model to examine the default and prepayment behavior of commercial loans underlying CMBS deals. We find that changes in the yield curve have a direct impact on the probability of mortgage termination. Furthermore, we do not find any statistical relationship between LTV and prepayment or default.  相似文献   

14.
A mortgage that defaults is more likely to enter foreclosure rather than renegotiation if it has been securitized in the private non-agency market, according to previous research. We study whether this foreclosure-propensity affects lenders’ securitization decision ex-ante. Due to the higher foreclosure probability, the value of a mortgage should be more sensitive to foreclosure costs if it is securitized. Comparing loans made in the same metropolitan area but under different foreclosure laws, we find that lenders are less likely to securitize mortgages in states with higher foreclosure costs, as measured by laws requiring judicial foreclosure. Two additional results are consistent with the proposed channel. First, the effect increases for loans with higher expected default rates and disappears for mortgage-like loans not subject to these laws. Second, the effect of judicial requirements increases for loans with higher expected default rates, consistent with differences in loss given default driving the results. Borrowers in states without judicial requirements also get riskier loans.  相似文献   

15.
This paper examines default outcomes for subprime first lien loans during the recent subprime mortgage boom. It conducts this investigation in two phases. The paper first examines factors associated with pre-foreclosure outcomes for subprime mortgages in default. It then examines factors associated with different outcomes for loans that enter foreclosure. These factors include less understood elements such as mortgage product features and borrower demographics. The analysis is based on detailed loan-level data and employs multinomial logit models in a hazard framework. Results show that default resolutions vary with product features and borrower demographics. Adjustable rate and interest-only mortgages, and loans with low- or no-documentation are more likely to enter foreclosure proceedings, and, once in foreclosure, are more likely to become REO. The existence of junior liens increases the probability of the loan remaining in default. Owner-occupancy is associated with lower likelihood of foreclosure initiation and REO, and greater likelihood of curing default. Additionally, default outcomes are impacted by local legal, economic and housing market conditions, and the equity in the home.  相似文献   

16.
This study examines the pricing of personal loans in the form of second mortgages to determine whether state-specific default laws have an effect on the availability and cost of that debt. We examine the pricing of loans to higher risk borrowers and whether borrowers in states that limit lender ability to seek default remedies pay higher credit costs. Our results indicate that, for the most part, lenders rationally price loans to higher risk borrowers. However, when we focus on borrowers with low credit scores, the results indicate that mean actual loan rates are higher than those predicted by our model. The results also indicate that state-specific default laws have an effect on the price of credit. Finally, the results show that there is a greater degree of error in the pricing of second mortgage loans to borrowers with low credit scores than to borrowers with high credit scores.  相似文献   

17.
We compare the ex ante observable risk characteristics, the default performance, and the pricing of securitized mortgage loans to mortgage loans retained by the original lender. In our sample of loans originated between 2000 and 2007, we find that privately securitized fixed and adjustable-rate mortgages were riskier ex ante than lender-retained loans or loans securitized through the government sponsored agencies. We do not find any evidence of differential loan performance for privately securitized fixed-rate mortgages. We find evidence that privately securitized adjustable-rate mortgages performed worse than retained mortgages, although other observable factors appear to be more economically important determinants of mortgage default. We do not find any evidence of a compensating premium in the loan rates for privately securitized adjustable-rate mortgages.  相似文献   

18.
An empirical analysis of home equity loan and line performance   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Given the growth in home equity lending during the 1990s, it is imperative that lenders and regulators understand the risks associated with this segment of the residential mortgage market. Using a unique panel data set of over 135,000 homeowners with second mortgages, our analysis indicates that significant differences exist in the prepayment and default probabilities of home equity loans and lines, providing insights into bank minimum capital requirements. We find that households with equity loans are relatively more sensitive to changes in interest rates. By contrast, households with equity lines are more sensitive to appreciation in property value.  相似文献   

19.
We study the effects of securitization on renegotiation of distressed residential mortgages over the current financial crisis. Unlike prior studies, we employ unique data that directly observe lender renegotiation actions and cover more than 60% of the U.S. mortgage market. Exploiting within-servicer variation in these data, we find that bank-held loans are 26–36% more likely to be renegotiated than comparable securitized mortgages (4.2–5.7% in absolute terms). Also, modifications of bank-held loans are more efficient: conditional on a modification, bank-held loans have 9% lower post-modification default rates (3.5% in absolute terms). Our findings support the view that frictions introduced by securitization create a significant challenge to effective renegotiation of residential loans. We also provide evidence supporting the affordability focus of recent policy actions, such as the Home Affordability Modification Program.  相似文献   

20.
House price volatility; lender and borrower perception of price trends, loan and property features; and the borrower’s put option are integrated in a model of residential mortgage default. These dimensions of the default problem have, to our knowledge, not previously been considered altogether within the same investigation framework. We rely on a sample of individual mortgage loans for 20 counties in Florida, over the period 2001 through 2008, third quarter, with housing price performance obtained from repeat sales analysis of individual transactions. The results from the analysis strongly confirm the significance of the borrower’s put as an operative factor in default. At the same time, the results provide convincing evidence that the experience in Florida is in part driven by lenders and purchasers exhibiting euphoric behavior such that in markets with higher price appreciation there is a willingness to accept recent prior performance as an indicator of future risk. This connection illustrates a familiar moral hazard in the housing market due to the limited information about future prices.  相似文献   

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