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1.
寻求政府会计改革的稳定形式   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
成小云 《会计研究》2012,(3):39-43,94
中国目前的制度环境使得政府会计改革刻不容缓。政府会计在公共产权的界定和保护中处于最基础、最重要和最具操作性的地位,其改革涉及政府部门既得产权利益的调整,改革成本与改革收益并存,须稳步推进。政府会计改革的稳定形式即为改革成本最低的改革方案,它决定了改革的过渡性与渐进性;最优政府会计改革速度取决于改革实施成本与摩擦成本的权衡。据此,本文从政府预算会计与财务会计的协调、改革过程和"二元"结构准则体系维度探寻了政府会计改革稳定形式的实施方案。  相似文献   

2.
保险交易成本与信用体系建设   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
交易成本又称交易费用,可以看成是一系列制度成本,它包括信息成本、谈判成本、界定和控制产权的成本、监督成本和制度结构变化的成本等。保险交易成本实际上也就是保险制度的成本。  相似文献   

3.
本文认为,要切实解决我国的生态环境问题,仅靠政府的投入是远远不够的,还必须依靠市场的力量,从源头解决我国生态建设的激励问题。目前,我国还没有真正走出公共所有、政府管制的计划供给的模式,自然资源产权制度运行基本上还停留在"公"权"市场"阶段,整个自然资源产权市场还没有真正发育起来。因此,我国的生态产权市场制度必须从产权界定、交易权安排和产权交易制度安排等三个层次上采取有效的对策,构建生态产权市场的"公"权、"私"权的混合产权市场模式。同时,为保障这种市场模式的有效运行,还必须从政府规制、企业制度改革、市场交易制度完善以及确保市场制度有效运行的法律制度和生态伦理建设上进行相应的制度建设。  相似文献   

4.
选择帽结构的过程就是税制优化的过程,为了达到税制的优化,就必须使每一税种的边际总成本相一致,从而使社会的总负担最小。在税率的设计上,必须使税率数量所导致的边际效率成本下降等于由此而导致的这际征管成本增加,这种达到均衡点的税率数目才是现实中的最优,在税基范围上,最优的税基应是税基扩大的边际经济效率成本下降额等于边际征管成本的上升额。  相似文献   

5.
一、农业财政投入产权的界定财政对农业企业投入所形成的资产的产权问题涉及到多个方面,产权界定则是其中最为基本的部分,是产权管理体制有效运作的前提和基础。我国目前的现状,财政对农业企业投入所形成资产的产权不清,责、权、利关系不明确。因此必须通过产权界定,加强对该部  相似文献   

6.
农户信用信息共享是农村征信制度建立的基础,而信用信息产权的明确界定又是实现共享的前提,现行社会征信过程中,信用信息产权权属模糊、管理主体缺位,侵权事件时有发生。为此,本文明确提出了农户信用信息产权界定的必要性和紧迫性,结合目前产权归属现状,提出自己对农户信用信息界定的认识。  相似文献   

7.
公司复杂性、最优董事会及其独立性选择   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
当前各国公司治理都实施统一的董事会治理监管,然而公司经营环境复杂,最优董事会是否是内生性的争论成为近年来公司治理关注的焦点。本文以CEO寻租空间、监督成本等构建最优董事会抉择模型,研究发现:治理成本的存在,使得CEO寻租空间对董事会规模和独立董事比例有积极影响,而监督成本对二者有负面影响;从边际治理成本角度,最优董事会与其独立性存在一定程度的替代性。我国1999~2008年上市公司实证研究发现:一定监管条规下,最优规模与独立性的替代假说成立,鉴于公司经营差异性,僵化的监管制度将提升治理成本,造成董事会效率低下。由此,建议监管机构从治理执行效果出发,考虑最优董事会的相机抉择行为,采用柔性化的监管条规,提高公司治理绩效。  相似文献   

8.
产权是人们讨论制度问题时广泛使用的一个概念,在现实的企业管理中,许多方面的问题都与产权有关,简单来说,产权是指个人对稀缺性资源所拥有的权利。一个社会中的成员进行什么样的交易才能有利可图,这取决于这个社会中产权界定和实施的状况,因为产权制度规定了人们在交易中的权利和义务,从而影响到人们经济行为的报酬和成本。因此,产权制度也就给定了一个社会中最基本的激励结构。在企业管理中,当产权界定清晰,每一个微观经济主体  相似文献   

9.
建立现代企业制度的难点/宋保民通过对郑州市某集团公司及其所属八家企业建立现代企业制度试点情况,进行审计调查表明,建立现代企业制度有以下几个难点,亟待解决。一、产权界定问题国有企业在改组过程中,需要进行清产核资、资产评估、产权界定、股份制改造等一系列细...  相似文献   

10.
新会计准则规定的会计界定产权的规则仍以历史成本计量基础为主导,这使会计的产权界定和产权保护功能难以充分发挥,对产权经济进行控制的基础性地位难以真正确立。公允价值计量就是基于现值与价值的会计计量,公允价值计量基础实质上是价值计量基础的实现形式,是理想与现实的最佳耦合。采用公允价值计量基础,会计可以比较准确地界定产权和保护产权。  相似文献   

11.

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.  相似文献   

12.

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.  相似文献   

13.
The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.  相似文献   

14.
After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.  相似文献   

15.
This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.  相似文献   

16.
正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original  相似文献   

17.
Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.  相似文献   

18.

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.  相似文献   

19.
The trading station or factory maintained by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was Japan's sole window on the Western world during most of the Tokugawa period (1600-1868). While many aspects of the factory's role in Dutch/Japanese cultural exchange have been researched little is known in the West of the accounting at the factory. This paper considers the possibility that double-entry bookkeeping employed by the Dutch may have been diffused to the Japanese. The available evidence is synthesized after considering the accounting system in the Dutch factory.  相似文献   

20.
China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...  相似文献   

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