投资者意见分歧视角下盈余公告的市场反应经验研究

本文从投资者意见分歧角度出发,研究盈余发布前后一段时间内中国股票价格行为特征,并在此基础上首次考虑公告所引发的二次意见分歧对市场反应产生的影响。研究结果表明意见分歧越高的公司,股价在公告前高估情况越严重、在公告时的下降幅度越大,二次意见分歧高的股票其超额收益较大。此外,本文还发现中国股市普遍存在盈余公告提前泄露,股价的收益特征较国外有所前移,通过进一步分析发现市场知道坏消息的时间要早于好消息。     

信息不对称、过度自信与股价变动

信息传导的非同步和投资者情绪变化是股票市场的两个典型特征,前者会引发投资者之间出现信息不对称问题,后者主要体现为投资者过度自信,两者共同作用影响股票价格变动。本文将信息不对称和投资者过度自信情绪置于同一个分析框架,建立两阶段动态序贯定价理论模型研究现实市场上信息传导过程中股价变动的内在机制。结果表明:(1)面临新信息的进入,投资者对股票收益预期的调整与均衡价格之间具有正相关关系;(2)面临有利消息时,过度自信投资者比例越大,股票的均衡价格越高,投资收益将越低;面临不利消息时则相反;(3)随着过度自信投资者比例以及过度自信程度升高,市场风险溢价将下降;(4)投资者群体在信息传导过程中出现分化,对股价变动形成异质信念,未获取信息和获取信息但未出现过度自信的投资者认为股价被高估,获取信息且出现过度自信的投资者认为价格被低估,促使更多的交易,引发市场成交量和股价变动;(5)过度自信投资者比例与过度自信程度提高均会对市场效率产生正向影响,而对市场深度具有负向效应。最后,基于理论结果对非对称性和持续性等典型的市场波动性特征进行解释。     

投资者风险态度与我国股票市场发展的联动效应

投资者的风险态度在一定程度上可以反映一个市场的成熟程度。对投资者在不同时期的风险态度与我国股票市场发展的联动效应的分析结果表明：1991～1996年期间,“利好消息”的冲击效应要大于“利空消息”;1997年1月～2005年6月,“利空消息”的冲击作用大于“利好消息”;2005年6月以来,“利好消息”的冲击效应大于“利空消息”。总的看来,1997年以来,我国股市投资者的风险态度还是以风险厌恶或风险中性为主,表明我国股市正趋于成熟。     

投资者异质信念与定向增发股价长期市场表现

近年来,基于异质信念的行为金融理论已经成为国际学术界的重要研究前沿。本文结合中国资本市场特殊制度背景,首次从投资者异质信念视角实证检验了上市公司定向增发后股价长期市场表现。研究结果表明:投资者异质信念越大,上市公司实施定向增发后公司股价长期市场表现越差;当发行对象为机构投资者时,异质信念对定向增发后股价的负向作用更加显著。此外,本文还进一步发现公司定向增发后的经营业绩变化也与投资者异质信念呈显著负相关关系。本文的研究结论丰富了投资者异质信念假说在公司股权再融资领域中的研究范畴。     

上市公司公告时间的选择对公告信息含量的影响——基于2001-2007年沪市上市公司年报公告的事件研究

本文以2001--2007年沪市A股上市公司的年报公告为研究对象,对年报公告的时间选择进行研究.研究发现,一定情况下,上市公司的公告时间选择行为是会改变公告的信息含量的,公司可以通过这一行为控制公司盈余的市场反应.当上市公司盈利水平提高(未预期盈余为正)时,这种调控行为的市场反应并不明显;而当上市公司盈利水平降低(未预期盈余为负)时,这种调控行为的市场反应趋于明显.并且,在1、2月份阶段公告年报,上市公司越提前公告越能弱化市场对利空消息的不利反应;而在3、4月份阶段公告年报,上市公司越延后公告越能弱化市场对利空消息的不利反应.     

注意力驱动下的资产误定价——基于盈余质量视角的研究

本文基于行为金融学和信息不对称理论,以盈余质量的视角研究投资者注意力驱动下的资产误定价的具体表现和客观根源,结果表明,注意力驱动下的投资者交易使得股价呈现高估状态;盈余质量差是投资者注意力产生的重要客观原因之一,随着盈余质量的提高,注意力驱动下的股价高估程度明显减弱。进一步研究发现,盈余质量缓解投资者注意力对股价高估正向影响的作用在信息不对称程度高的上市公司表现得更加显著。该研究结论为多学科领域交叉研究资产误定价影响因素提供必要的理论依据,同时也为相关部门从盈余质量入手制定相关政策、缓解注意力驱动下的资产误定价,提供必要的实证证据,进而充分发挥资本市场资源配置功能,提升资本市场定价效率。     

卖空限制、意见分歧收敛与信息披露的股价效应——来自A股市场的经验证据

本文从盈余公告对投资者意见分歧影响的角度,解释A股市场年报公告期间的股价反应,在为意见分歧资产定价理论提供经验证据的同时,也为A股市场信息披露股价效应的研究提供一个全新的思路。研究发现,公告前投资者意见分歧程度与股票在公告日附近的超额收益负相关,证明上市公司年报会降低投资者的意见分歧,导致公告前因卖空限制和意见分歧而被高估的股价在公告日附近向其基础价值靠拢。此外,本文还发现上述股价反应在正式公告日前的几个交易日就已出现,证明A股市场存在年报信息提前泄露的情况。进一步研究显示,意见分歧与公告日附近股票超额收益的负相关关系随着机构持股比例和行业集中度的提高而逐渐增强。     

异质信念对股价波动的非对称性影响研究

本文利用上市公司的相关数据,实证研究了异质信念对我国股票市场股价波动的 影响,探讨了在不同的市场行情和企业性质下异质信念对股价波动的非对称性影响,并对融资 融券推出前后异质信念对股价波动的非对称性影响进行了研究。研究结果表明：（1）股票投 资者异质信念的差异程度越大,股价偏离其股票的内在价值就越大,进而导致股价的波动程度 更剧烈;（2）异质信念对股价波动的影响呈非对称性,在熊市行情下异质信念对股价波动的 影响要高于牛市,在国有企业背景下异质信念对股价的波动程度大于非国有企业;（3）融资 融券推出后在一定程度上可以减缓异质信念对股价波动的影响。     

上市公司公告时间的选择对公告信息含量的影响——基于2001—2007年沪市上市公司年报公告的事件研究

本文以2001--2007年沪市A股上市公司的年报公告为研究对象，对年报公告的时间选择进行研究。研究发现，一定情况下，上市公司的公告时间选择行为是会改变公告的信息含量的，公司可以通过这一行为控制公司盈余的市场反应。当上市公司盈利水平提高（未预期盈余为正）时，这种调控行为的市场反应并不明显；而当上市公司盈利水平降低（未预期盈余为负）时，这种调控行为的市场反应趋于明显。并且，在1、2月份阶段公告年报，上市公司越提前公告越能弱化市场对利空消息的不利反应；而在3、4月份阶段公告年报，上市公司越延后公告越能弱化市场对利空消息的不利反应。     

把握利空股的投资机会

面对利空股,若能珍惜机会、定好计划、适时交易、注意技巧,大多能取得超过指数和其它多数个股的投资收益。随着一年一度年报披露工作完成,反映上市公司经营状况的年报成绩单陆续与投资者见面。在一些上市公司利好消息闪亮登场的同时,另外一些上市公司的利空消息也将接踵而至。获悉利空消息后,特别是新股民的第一反应是:利空消息将对相关公司的股价走势带来不利影响,持有利空股的股民首先考虑的是要不要割肉逃命,原本想建仓的股民考虑的则是要不要放弃建仓,     

Accounting earnings response coefficient: An extension to banking shares in Asia Pacific countries

This paper reports new finding on earnings response coefficients for banking firms on how disclosures on total earnings and disaggregated fee earnings are used by investors to change share prices prior to earnings disclosures. The information relating to total earnings influences share prices significantly in all four banking sectors studied, all of which have sufficiently liberalized capital markets. Australian investors appear to use information on disaggregated non-interest fee income to revise share prices significantly: not so in other markets. The investors in Malaysia and South Korea appear to consider changes in fee income as bad news with negative price impact, anomalous to theory. The Australian investors appear to regard both total and fee incomes as equally important whereas investors in other markets either ignore or consider changes in fee income as bad news for share valuation. This study extends the literature on this topic from non-bank to banking firms.     

Investor and (Value Line) Analyst Underreaction to Information about Future Earnings: The Corrective Role of Non-Earnings-Surprise Information

Prior research suggests that financial analysts' earnings forecasts and stock prices underreact to earnings news. This paper provides evidence that analysts and investors correct this underreaction in response to the next earnings announcement and to other (non-earnings-surprise) information available between earnings announcements. Our evidence also suggests that analysts and investors underreact to information reflected in analysts' earnings forecast revisions and that non-earnings-surprise information helps correct this underreaction as well. Controlling for corrective non-earnings-surprise information significantly increases estimates of the degree to which analysts' forecasting behavior can explain drifts in returns following both earnings announcements and analysts' earnings forecast revisions.     

Effects of Preannouncements on Analyst and Stock Price Reactions to Earnings News

This study examines the effects of earnings preannouncements on financial analyst and stock price reactions to earnings news. Prior experimental research documents that when the signs of a preannouncement surprise and subsequent earnings announcement surprise are consistent (i.e., both either positive or negative), analysts make larger magnitude revisions to their future period earnings forecasts in response to the total earnings news conveyed in the preannouncement and earnings announcement than when the surprise signs are inconsistent. This study extends this research by examining a sample of actual preannouncements from 1993–1997 to determine whether the effects documented in laboratory settings manifest at the aggregate market level in stock prices and consensus analyst forecast revisions. Results indicate that after controlling for the sign of earnings news, sign of earnings, and sign of the earnings announcement surprise, stock prices and analyst forecast revisions respond more strongly when a preannouncement and subsequent earnings announcement elicit the same surprise signs than when the surprise signs are inconsistent. Further analysis indicates that the consistency of the signs of a preannouncement surprise and earnings announcement surprise is not associated with future earnings, suggesting that the magnified reaction of investors and analysts to consistent surprise signs is not a rational reaction to associations observed in market settings.     

Short sale constraints,heterogeneous interpretations,and asymmetric price reactions to earnings announcements

This study tests Miller’s (1977) overpricing hypothesis from a new angle. Specifically, we investigate the effects of heterogeneous interpretations on price reactions to earnings announcements. We find that the difference between good news and bad news earnings response coefficients increases with the degree of heterogeneous interpretations in the presence of short sale constraints. This pattern is more pronounced when short sale constraints are more binding. These findings support the notion that, under short sale constraints, stock prices selectively incorporate more optimistic opinions rather than the average opinion of all investors. Therefore, reducing short sale constraints should facilitate price discovery and improve price efficiency. This study complements recent studies examining the joint effect of short sale constraints and ex ante opinion divergence on price reactions to earnings announcements.     

Media heterogeneity and post‐earnings announcement drift: evidence from China

This paper examines how the Chinese stock market acts differently towards state‐controlled and market‐oriented media coverage. Using a setting of post‐earnings announcement drift, we find that information from state‐controlled media enters the stock price in a timelier manner, while the message from market‐oriented media needs more time to get a response from investors. The effect is also influenced by whether the type of news coverage is good or bad. Our findings suggest that the capital market underreacts when good news is reported by the market‐oriented media.     

Insider trading,future earnings,and post-earnings announcement drift

This paper examines the association between insider trading prior to quarterly earnings announcements and the magnitude of the post-earnings announcement drift (PEAD). We conjecture and find that insider trades reflect insiders’ private information about the persistence of earnings news. Thus, insider trades can help investors better understand and incorporate the time-series properties of quarterly earnings into stock prices in a timely and unbiased manner, thereby mitigating PEAD. As predicted, PEAD is significantly lower when earnings announcements are preceded by insider trading. The reduction in PEAD is driven by contradictory insider trades (i.e., net buys before large negative earnings news or net sells before large positive earnings news) and is more pronounced in the presence of more sophisticated market participants. Consistent with investors extracting and trading on insiders’ private information, pre-announcement insider trading is associated with smaller market reactions to future earnings news in each of the four subsequent quarters. Overall, our findings indicate insider trading contributes to stock price efficiency by conveying insiders’ private information about future earnings and especially the persistence of earnings news.     

Earnings Announcement Lags and Market Responses—Does the Tone of the News and the Market Sentiment Matter?

We investigate earnings announcement lags (period from the end of the reporting period until the announcement date) for the good and the bad quarterly earnings news across different market sentiment periods as well as market reactions thereto. Companies listed on Baltic stock exchanges exhibit clear signs of strategic timing of earnings announcements. Earnings announcement lags for the bad news tend to be longer than those for the good news. This difference is more pronounced during low market sentiment periods. If the release of the bad news is postponed, abnormal return responses remain lower, as expected.     

Religious holidays,investor distraction,and earnings announcement effects

We examine price reactions to U.S. firms’ earnings announcements during Easter week in order to analyze whether and how the religious holiday calendar impacts investors’ information processing. We find that there is an asymmetric pattern of immediate and delayed responses to earnings surprises experienced during Easter, entailing similar immediate reactions to both good and bad news and a stronger delayed response to bad news. Moreover, local religious characteristics affect investor’s response to firm news. The results are consistent with a religion-induced distraction effect on investors’ information processing ability. We also show that this effect can form the basis for a profitable trading strategy. The findings highlight the importance of religion for firms’ information environment and for the local component of stock prices.     

Inflation Illusion and Post-Earnings-Announcement Drift

This paper examines the cross‐sectional implications of the inflation illusion hypothesis for the post‐earnings‐announcement drift. The inflation illusion hypothesis suggests that stock market investors fail to incorporate inflation in forecasting future earnings growth rates, and this causes firms whose earnings growths are positively (negatively) related to inflation to be undervalued (overvalued). We argue and show that the sensitivity of earnings growth to inflation varies monotonically across stocks sorted on standardized unexpected earnings (SUE) and, consistent with the inflation illusion hypothesis, show that lagged inflation predicts future earnings growth, abnormal returns, and earnings announcement returns of SUE‐sorted stocks. Interestingly, controlling for the return predictive ability of inflation weakens the ability of lagged SUE to predict future returns of SUE‐sorted stocks.