境外企业审计重点及方法

一、境外企业现状及管理特点1、"走出去"步伐加快,呈现出以中央企业为主、投资地区分布不均衡、行业分布广泛等特点。商务部《2009年度中国对外直接投资统计公报》显示,对外直接投资连续八年保持了增长势头,年均增长速度达到54%。截至2009年末,有1.2万家境内投资者在全球177个国家、地区设立境外直接投资企业1.3万家,对外直接投资累计净额2457.5亿美元,境外企业资产总额超过1万亿美元。对外投资呈现出以下特点:一是中央企业是海外投资的主力军,2009年度,对外直接投资382亿美元,占对外投资总额的67.6%。二是地     

中国服务业“走出去”图景

我国服务业对外投资仍处于初级阶段,缺乏成熟的、具有全球意识和战略的跨国公司;服务业对外投资多是依托于央企和国企的资本密集型投资,民营服务业企业投资规模小,档次较低。近年来,由于全球经济发展的脆弱性和不确定性,众多跨国公司通过资产重组、撤回投资和迁移公司等方式重新布局全球跨国投资,对外投资十分谨慎。联合国贸发会议《2013年世界投资报告》显示,2012年,全球外国直接投资下降18%,降至1.35万亿美元。在这种背景下,我国的直接投资流出     

全球价值链与跨国并购——基于并购网络和并购倾向的研究北大核心

参与全球价值链是世界各国企业融入国际贸易分工体系的重要途径,跨国并购是重要的企业投资方式,但二者间的关系在已有研究中鲜有涉及。本文利用2007—2019年全球价值链和跨国并购数据,从并购网络和并购倾向的角度深入分析全球价值链对跨国并购行为的影响。研究发现,全球价值链嵌入程度对跨国并购行为具有显著的正向影响;在并购网络方面,价值链嵌入程度越高的国家(地区),其并购网络中心度越大,在并购网络中的地位越高;在并购倾向方面,国家(地区)的价值链嵌入程度越高,该国(地区)企业越有可能对跨行业或高TFP国家(地区)的企业发起并购。此外,处于价值链下游的国家(地区)更倾向于通过跨国并购突破“低端锁定”的困局。在构建“双循环”新发展格局的大背景下,研究全球价值链与跨国并购行为的关系具有重要的现实意义。     

当前我国企业对外直接投资的特点、问题及应对策略

近年来,我国企业对外直接投资增长迅速,呈现投资主体多元、投资方式多样以及投资地区相对集中等特点.我国企业对外投资中存在的主要问题为:国家对外投资法律政策及相关中介服务亟待完善;对外投资行业大多为中、低端行业;对外投资以"绿地投资"为主,跨国并购成功率较低.为此,要从政府和企业两个层面不断加强引导和管理,更好地促进我国企...     

全球价值链视角下的吉林省汽车产业升级研究

吉林省汽车产业已形成了以一汽集团公司为核心,集整车、各类专用车和汽车零部件研发、生产、贸易为一体的汽车产业体系。但从价值链来看,吉林省汽车产业处于中心的生产能力比较强,而处于价值链两端企业经济利润的重要来源的研发和销售能力都比较薄弱。本文从全球价值链理论入手,分析了吉林省汽车产业价值链构成,并对其发展路径给出了几点看法。     

胡祖才致辞

尊敬的各位来宾,女士们,先生们,大家上午好!首先我谨代表国家发展改革委对第六届中国对外投资合作洽谈会的召开表示热烈祝贺!感谢会议主办方提供这样的平台,使大家相聚在北京,共同探讨全球跨国投资形势,以及中国企业对外投资的机遇和挑战。借此机会,我很高兴与大家就中国利用外资和对外投资的情况进行交流。     

新时期如何创新对外投资合作模式

<正>随着我国企业"走出去"能力的显著增强,对外投资活动取得显著成效,创新对外投资合作模式,不断拓展对外投资合作路径,有助于构建全球经济合作新体系。"一带一路"倡议致力于构建包容平等开放的区域合作平台,我国同有关国家基于互利共赢和优势互补原则开展了国际合作,以实现共同繁荣。在此环境中,我国企业走出去的步伐不断加快,对外直接投资规模不断加大,国际竞争力也不断提高,且投资的领域也呈现多元化。     

我国对外直接投资与对外贸易的关系探析

我国对外直接投资的特点和趋势是:投资呈浪型发展,近期速度加快;投资行业以贸易为主,逐步向非贸易领域扩展;投资区域从以发达国家和地区为主向多元化市场转变;投资主体以外贸企业为主逐步向多元化方向发展;投资方式以新建企业为主,开始涉足收购兼并等国际流行方式.我国对外直接投资中存在的问题是:投资规模小;双向对外开放发展不协调;投资结构不尽合理;宏观管理薄弱;效益欠佳.我国对外直接投资对外国对外贸易的影响有:自然资源导向型投资的增长一方面带来了一定程度的进口贸易的增长,但另一方面资源开发也带动了设备、制成品、技术和劳务的出口;市场导向型投资使企业建立了国外营销网络、学到了先进的管理经验、规避了贸易壁垒;生产要素型导向投资降低了生产成本,促进了出口额大幅增加.     

北京市私营企业实施“走出去”战略的现状与问题——经济全球化下北京市私营企业发展对策研究之二

一、中国企业对外直接投资的动因与优势分析 中国企业对外直接投资的动因分析 一般而言,跨国公司从事对外直接投资(FDI)的动因包括寻求海外市场、出口导向、寻求资源、寻求技术和寻求效率。中国企业对外直接投资的动因以寻求市场型为主,包括寻求东道国市场和第三国市场(主要是东道国市场)。中国企业寻求资源型FDI单个项目规模大、数量少;寻求技     

中国对外直接投资的现状分析

本文通过深入解析历年中国对外直接投资公报的数据,综合分析商务部、联合国贸易与发展会议网站公布的信息,研究了中国对外直接投资发展阶段与投资规模、投资区域分布、投资行业、投资境内主体、投资方式这五方面的现状,研究结果表明:中国的对外直接投资起步低,发展快,已经处于邓宁投资发展周期论中的第三阶段;投资国家聚集度高;投资行业进一步多样化,但商贸服务业投资是主要部分;投资主体仍以国有大型企业为主;并购行业集中,但是新建还是投资最重要的重要部分。     

中国吸引外资、对外投资和对外贸易:历史与未来

中国已经成为全球外国直接投资的主要接受者,同时也是世界上第二大对外直接投资国。中国希望通过扩大对外直接投资学习先进技术和管理经验,并帮助国内企业分散风险。在改革开放推动下,中国逐步成为一个世界贸易强国,其主要贸易伙伴遍布欧美、东南亚及日本、韩国等,制造业产品在中国对外贸易中占比较大。     

Economic freedom and cross-border venture capital performance

We investigate the determinants of cross-border venture capital (VC) performance using a large sample of 10,205 cross-border VC investments by 1906 foreign VC firms (VCs) in 6535 domestic portfolio companies. We focus on the impact of a domestic country's economic freedom on the performance of both VC investments and portfolio companies using a probit model and the Cox hazard model. After controlling for other related factors of domestic countries, portfolio companies, VCs and the global VC market, as well as year and industry fixed effects, we find that a domestic country's economic freedom is crucial to cross-border VC performance. In particular, in a more economically free country, as measured by the raw values of, quartiles of or the ranking in the index of economic freedom (IEF), a foreign VC-backed portfolio company is more likely to pull off a successful exit through an IPO (initial public offering) or an M&A (merger and acquisition), and a foreign VC firm is likely to spend a shorter investment duration in the portfolio company. We also identify interesting evidence on the impact of many other level factors of domestic countries, portfolio companies, VCs and the global VC market on cross-border VC performance.     

When U.S. venture capital ventures abroad

Older, more experienced and smaller U.S. venture capital firms are most probable to sacrifice proximate distance for new opportunities in foreign, and mostly mature, portfolio companies. These companies are treated differently than the domestic ones, as U.S. venture capital firms collaborate with and delegate monitoring to foreign partners, rather than stage or syndicate. Successful outcomes mostly occur in more mature, non‐hi‐tech, portfolio companies that receive more financing per round. Our results are robust to the investee country's openness and industry classification, stage of the investment and possible sample selection problems.     

“一带一路”沿线国家税收竞争力对中国对外直接投资的影响

"一带一路"沿线国家税收竞争力对中国对外直接投资具有重要影响。实证研究发现,"一带一路"沿线国家税收竞争力的提升显著促进了中国对外直接投资的增加。因而,中国政府应致力于加强国际税收合作与区域协调,构建"共商、共建、共享"税收新体系;为企业投资"一带一路"沿线国家(地区)提供优质的跨境涉税服务和税务风险预警指引,从宏观上引导企业对外直接投资健康发展;完善国内税收政策体系以提升国际税收竞争力,更好吸引外来投资;企业应密切关注东道国税收政策变化,有效防范风险,利用"一带一路"倡议带来的机遇,积极拓展海外市场。     

金融结构如何影响了外资进入方式选择？

随着全球价值链进入深度重构的关键时期,金融结构对于一国外资进入方式选择的重要性日益凸显,本文采用65个国家2003—2017年跨国面板数据,从理论和实证两个层面系统探讨了金融结构与一国外资进入方式选择之间的关系。研究表明:(1)无论是发达国家还是发展中国家东道国,市场主导型金融结构均有助于外资以跨国并购方式进入东道国,但发达国家正向促进作用显著大于发展中国家,克服了内生性和经济波动的影响后,结论依旧稳健。(2)进一步机制检验结果发现,技术创新引致和国家风险管控是金融结构影响外资进入方式选择的重要渠道。其中,金融结构的国家风险渠道机制,主要通过降低经济金融风险来实现。(3)此外,引入国家营商环境指数发现,营商环境的改善不仅对外资以跨国并购方式进入具有直接促进作用,而且能间接调节金融市场对外资进入结构优化的提升作用。本文研究为我国深化金融供给侧结构性改革,改善营商环境,进而实现引资结构优化提供了政策启示。     

Inward FDI and Financial Constraints in Central and East European Countries

This study examines whether domestically owned firms in Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) confronted higher financial constraints in their investments than did foreign-owned enterprises, and whether the domestic enterprises' financial constraints were caused by incoming foreign direct investment (FDI). In theory, foreign investment may be needed to bring in capital only initially; the subsequent investment can be financed locally. On the other hand, foreign-owned companies may be more attractive borrowers, crowding out domestic firms from imperfect host-country capital markets. Both hypotheses, however, are rejected, as the results are not consistent across different dependent variables and verification methods. There is some evidence that FDI reduced foreign subsidiaries' constraints without increasing the constraints suffered by the domestic enterprises. Tests are performed with regressions based on two alternative firm-level models, a direct one using perception-based assessment of the constraints, and an indirect one with financial indicators.     

证券公司数字化财富管理发展模式与路径研究

本文系统研究了证券公司数字化财富管理业务,在重新定义数字化财富管理的内涵、总结境内外典型机构数字化财富管理实践经验的基础上,明确提出了证券公司数字化财富管理面向未来的发展定位、发展模式以及相关政策建议。本文提出,证券公司数字化财富管理发展应贯彻以客户为中心、围绕价值链建设全面数字化体系、线上线下融合发展、用数据驱动业务发展这四大核心定位。同时,本文基于顶层设计及优化监管的视角,提出了促进证券公司数字化财富管理发展的政策建议:一是建立数字化财富管理的统筹监管机制;二是完善证券基金类投顾政策法规;三是加强投顾利益冲突管理;四是扩展账户基础功能;五是明确数字化服务标准。     

外资进入与国内价值链地位提升

近年来,国际经济形势日趋复杂严峻,全球价值链纵向分工趋于缩短或转移至新地点,构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局是我国当前经济转型和未来可持续发展的关键。本文利用中国30个省份区域间投入产出表,结合探索性空间数据分析方法和静态、动态多种空间权重矩阵,系统考察了外资进入对我国区域国内价值链地位提升的影响。研究发现,外资进入对国内价值链地位提升具有显著的促进作用;FDI进入地区不仅可以获得直接的技术溢出,而且对相邻地区产生“非自愿”的溢出效应,但省份内FDI溢出效应作用更为明显。在改变计量模型、变量测算形式后,上述结论仍然成立,且不同分组样本(不同技术水平、外资进入程度以及是否沿海地区)对应的检验结果存在异质性。市场化程度强化了外资进入对国内价值链地位提升的促进作用。进一步地,外资进入通过提高国内价值链地位对我国产业结构升级产生正向影响,且直接效应比间接效应更为显著。     

Is local bias a cross-border phenomenon? Evidence from individual investors’ international asset allocation

Extant literature consistently documents that investors tilt their domestic equity portfolios towards regionally close stocks (local bias). We hypothesize that individual investors’ local bias is not limited to the domestic sphere but instead also determines their international investment decisions. Our results confirm the presence of a cross-border local bias. Specifically, we show (i) that the stockholdings of individual investors living within regional proximity to a foreign country display a significantly lower foreign investment bias towards investment opportunities in that country and (ii) that this drop in foreign investment bias levels is disproportionately driven by investments in regionally close neighbor-country companies. The impact of cross-border local bias on investors’ bilateral foreign equity investments is economically significant and holds even after controlling for previously identified explanations of international asset allocation.     

Immigration and equity home bias

Why do investors hold such large positions in domestic equity when there are gains to be made from international diversification? This equity home bias puzzle has received considerable attention in the literature, with asymmetric information on domestic and foreign assets (whether by individual choice or by market imperfection) emerging as the most plausible explanation. What happens when we consider a subset of investors whose information sets are closer to investors in foreign countries? I assess the relationship between immigration and equity home bias and find that inward migration is positively correlated with increased foreign equity positions and reduced home bias. Looking across income groups, outward migration reduces home bias for relatively rich countries, but may actually increase home bias when migration occurs to or from a developing country. These results suggest that immigration generates a positive externality of increased information flows for developed countries, but not for developing nations. The effects of immigration on investment are strongest within the Euro-Zone, suggesting that this positive externality of immigration is largest when barriers to portfolio diversification (such as currency risk) are lowest.