国际税制改革经验对我国的启示

顺应世界各国以“降低税率、扩大税基、调整税收结构、简化税制、清理优惠、加强征管”为主要内容的税制改革潮流,我国的税制改革应以效率与公平的最佳结合为指导思想,以优化税制结构为根本着眼点,以扩大税基、确定合理的税率水平为近期改革的主要方向。     

权衡中的创新——双元所得税评介

双元所得税是与综合所得税、单一税并列的一种个人所得税的主要模式,其特征为双元税基、双元税率和限制优惠。双元所得税的优点是兼顾了税收收入和国际竞争力、兼顾了效率和一定程度的收入再分配、避免了对资本的重复课税、降低了由于通货膨胀带来的对资本所得的过度课税、简化了税制。双元所得税契合了北欧各国社会经济状况对税制的要求,因此,成为北欧国家个人所得税的首选模式。     

我国个税改革回顾与完善的若干思考

为进一步完善个人所得税税制,我国于2011年对个税进行了新一轮的改革。此次改革也响应了国家十二五规划中所提出的我国税制拓宽税基、降低税率、减少档次、简化税制的新要求。然而,现行的个税制度仍然存在着诸多问题和弊病,严重制约着其深化发展。我国个税制度要走出分类征管的误区,需要通过降低边际税率、拓宽个税税基、制定合理扣除标准等举措来进一步完善。     

公司所得税改革的世界趋势:价值取向与具体措施

随着经济全球化的发展和国际间资本流动的加速,在追求公平、效率、收入的基础上,世界公司所得税改革的价值取向已进一步提升到提高本国税制竞争力、吸引国际投资的高度,降低税率、扩大税基、消除股息双重征税以及对现金流量税的理论推崇也成为实现这一价值理念的基本措施。     

企业所得税制度改革对投资的激励效果——基于上市公司数据的实证检验

以2004～2008年上市公司数据为样本,将所得税改革影响嵌入固定资产的投资成本(资本成本)中,对资本成本变化及其与投资额变化的关系进行研究,检验2008年所得税改革是否促进了企业投资.结果发现,2008年的企业所得税改革确实降低了公司的投资成本.按改革前后税率变化方向将样本分为两个组并做进一步统计分析发现:所得税税率上升的企业,资本成本上升,并导致企业投资额下降;所得税税率下降的企业,资本成本明显降低,但资本成本的下降并没有对投资产生明显的促进作用.     

企业所得税制改革的几点思考

在统一内外资企业所得税的基础上建立规范的法人所得税制度是我国企业所得税制改革的必然趋势.统一规范法人所得税税基,在确定计税成本时应充分体现纳税人的费用补偿原则,并适当降低所得税税率,清理整顿税收优惠政策,为各种所有制形式的企业创造公平纳税环境,规范国家与企业的分配关系,简化税制.     

近期世界税收形势变动的特点及趋势

国际金融危机2008年爆发以来．世界各国纷纷采取经济措施，以应对金融危机的冲击，对税收政策调整是其中的重要方面。近期世界各国的税制改革继续突出降低税率、扩大税基的特点。此外，减少温室气体排放的税收政策成为各国税制改革的重要内容。     

论所得税会计

论所得税会计杨虹一、所得税会计的提出所得税应纳税金的计算，取决于两个因素：税率和税基。其中税率一经税法确认具有相对的稳定性，无需企业重新确认；而税基的确定，需要企业在会计核算的基础上，按照税法的规定重新确认和计量。这是由于税收法规和会计准则的目标、原...     

公平视角下关于完善个税改革的若干思考

为完善个人所得税税制,2011年我国对个税进行了新一轮的改革。此次改革贯彻了我国"十二五"规划中提出的"拓宽税基、降低税率、减少档次、简化税制"的要求。然而,一年有余,当前的个税政策在税率、税费扣除标准、纳税对象等方面都有失公平,缺乏对纳税人实际生活状态的考量。本文从阐述新个税改革入手,进而描述了新个税改革后存在诸多问题,最后提出了完善个税改革的具体措施。     

论点

中南财经大学工商管理学院李竣、王瑜认为，深化我国税制改革的指导思想应该是：拓宽税基、降低税率，确保财政、公平税负，注重调节、降低成本。     

Tax reforms and the capital structure of banks

This paper studies the link between corporate income tax (CIT) reforms and domestic banks’ financing decisions. We use a dataset of CIT reforms and estimate the effect of tax rate changes on leverage, dividend policies and earnings management of banks. The results suggest that taxation influences all three variables. Leverage increases with the CIT rate in the first three years after the reform. The reason is that the statutory CIT rate determines the value of the debt tax shield. A higher tax rate increases incentives to use debt finance when interest payments are deductible from the CIT base. The tax effects we find are statistically and economically significant but considerably lower than those found in previous research. Also, dividend pay-outs increase after an increase in CIT rates. This could indicate that banks actively manage their pay-out policies around tax reforms and adjust their capital structure with changes in dividends. Furthermore, banks increase loss loan reserves in anticipation of tax rate cuts since losses become less valuable with lower CIT rates.     

浅谈"两法合并"后的涉外税收征管

"两法合并"以后,涉外税收将继续存在。本文针对当前涉外税收的两种片面认识以及目前涉外税收管理的突出问题,提出了"两法合并"后加强涉外税收征管的若干建议。     

统一企业所得税法的重大意义及其影响

本文主要分析了内外资企业所得税制统一的意义、内容及影响。认为这是我国税制改革的一项重大举措,也是宏观经济政策的一项重大调整,必将对我国国民经济和社会发展产生重要而深远的影响。     

台湾地区所得税制度及其启示

本文对中国台湾地区所得税制度的演进、发展及立法政策精神进行了深入的理论分析,从税收一体化的角度对未来中国大陆地区所得税改革进行了展望,并提出了切实的政策建议。     

"两法合并"对内资银行所得税税负的影响

本文首先比较了内、外资企业所得税法合并(以下简称"两法合并")前后,内、外资银行税收政策的不同及由此导致的税负上的苦乐不均,之后通过因素分析,得出"两法合并"将对内资银行利润水平的提高产生实际影响的结论。     

Pillar 2: tax competition in low-income countries and substance-based income exclusion

Pillar 2 of the OECD's global tax reform proposal will have significant direct and indirect impacts for low-income developing countries (LICs). Most interesting and problematic is the question as to how the global anti-base erosion (GloBE) rules for a proposed global minimum effective tax will affect tax competition behaviour in LICs, and how LICs should respond when a critical mass of higher-income economies adopt the new structure. Most LICs are source-only countries, and they are very much in competition to attract foreign direct investment. Do LICs want to continue to compete using the tax system to the extent possible, to step back from that competition, or to take some intermediate course? Pillar 2 does not itself change a country's desired position on the competition spectrum – it merely affects how, and to what extent, that position can still be obtained. This paper posits that LICs should adopt qualified domestic minimum top-up taxes, and that this will not itself have a negative impact on their competitiveness. The primary focus of the paper, however, is on the design of the substance-based income exclusion (carve-out), examining the following three questions. Should the GloBE have been designed without a carve-out? Would there have been a better way of designing it? How will LICs be affected? The paper concludes that, as little real advantage is likely to accrue to LICs from intangible assets, minimising tax competition for those assets will have relatively little impact on them; and that, from an economic efficiency standpoint, shifting the tax burden away from a normal return and toward economic rents – albeit imperfectly – is a reasonable solution.     

世界税制改革趋势及我们的对策

随着经济全球化的逐步深化和我国改革开放的不断发展,我国正在更深层次地融入全球市场。顺应世界税制改革趋势,完善我国税收制度是大势所趋。本文在总结20世纪中后期以来世界税制改革趋势的基础上,提出了完善我国税制改革的对策建议。     

外资银行转制后的企业所得税影响

本文从税收实务的角度分析了外国银行分行转制成为外商独资银行后,在"两法合并"的企业所得税制改革大背景下一些值得关注的税务问题,如税收管理、税前扣除、税收优惠等,并进行了综合分析。     

企业所得税制改革:进程回顾与配套实施

《中华人民共和国企业所得税法》(以下简称“新企业所得税法”)的通过,实现了内外资企业所得税制的统一,即“两法合并”。“两法合并”的历程是新时期公共决策透明度提高的一个典型案例,表明新一轮税制改革迈出了重要的一步。本文总结了企业所得税制改革的历程和经验,并探讨了其在新一轮税制改革中的重要地位,最后重点分析了新企业所得税法顺利实施所需解决的难题及应采取的配套措施。     

Prospects for Co-ordination of Corporate Taxation and the Taxation of Interest Income in the EU

This paper evaluates the recent proposals for a co-ordinated capital tax policy in the European Union, focusing on an EU-wide minimum withholding tax on interest income and alternative ways to increase the effective tax rate on corporate profits. The analysis draws on current theoretical and empirical research and views the recent capital tax reforms undertaken by individual member countries as rational adjustments to changing conditions in capital markets. Special emphasis is placed on the constraints for EU tax policy imposed by the possibility of shifting capital income to third countries. The paper concludes that some aggregate efficiency gains can be expected from the EU co-ordination proposals, but additional tax collections will be limited largely to the group of small savers while highly mobile large-scale investors are likely to avoid the EU tax.