我国上市公司现金持有政策的价值效应——基于产品市场竞争的经验证据

竞争的充分信息比较理论与破产清算理论表明,产品市场竞争有助于提升企业的现金持有政策价值效应.本文基于现金持有政策的平均价值效应与边际价值效应探讨了产品市场竞争对现金持有政策价值效应的影响.研究发现:产品市场竞争能够显著地增加企业现金持有政策的价值效应但边际价值效应呈现正向递减性.为究其原因,本文进一步对现金持有政策的价值效应作出了检验.结果表明:相对于竞争性行业而言,垄断性行业中,产品市场竞争对其现金持有政策的正向价值效应影响程度更大:相对于整体上不易陷入财务困境的行业而言,处于整体上较易陷入财务困境的行业,产品市场竞争对其现金持有政策价值效应的正向影响程度更大.     

掠夺效应还是治理效应：产品市场竞争提升现金持有价值的机理检验

通过实证检验产品市场竞争对中国上市公司现金持有价值产生影响的不同作用机理,结果发现：产品市场竞争确实可以促进中国上市公司现金持有价值的提升,这种作用机理更多地来自产品市场竞争的掠夺效应而不是治理效应。进一步研究发现：掠夺效应和治理效应可以通过融资约束得到更好的区分,在融资约束公司中掠夺效应表现更为显著。揭示了中国上市公司产品市场竞争对公司现金持有价值的具体促进机制,并检验了融资约束在其中的影响。     

商业银行竞争与企业现金持有水平——来自中国制造业企业的经验证据

文章以2010-2019年中国制造业企业和商业银行为研究对象构建银行竞争度衡量指标,发现商业银行竞争的加剧能够显著降低制造业企业的现金持有水平。作用机制检验发现,代理冲突在商业银行竞争对企业现金持有水平的影响中发挥了部分中介作用。异质性检验结果表明,对民营企业、中小企业和所在地区经济发展水平高的企业来说,商业银行竞争对企业现金持有水平的影响更为显著。文章对商业银行竞争与企业现金持有水平关系的分析丰富了商业银行竞争的影响研究和企业现金持有水平的影响因素研究,为改善民营企业和中小企业融资难等问题提供了经验证据。     

超额现金持有、过度投资与代理成本——来自我国2006~2012年寿险公司的经验数据

本文选取了2006～2012年间34家寿险企业作为研究样本,对寿险企业超额持有现金、过度投资以及二者间相关关系问题进行了实证研究。结果发现,中国寿险企业存在融资约束和超额持有现金问题,而由于寿险企业监管较严格,过度投资问题并不严重,但是超额持有现金与过度投资有着显著的相关关系。在寿险企业中,超额持有现金加重了代理问题,是造成过度投资的重要因素,并且资产规模越大,问题相对越严重。不过具有外资参股的寿险企业,过度投资问题相对轻一些。     

激进战略与企业现金持有——预防性动机还是代理动机

以2007-2016年A股非金融上市公司为样本,考察了公司战略激进程度对现金持有决策的影响,并从现金持有价值与竞争效应两个角度,探讨不同公司战略类型下现金持有经济后果的差异。研究结果显示：公司战略越激进,企业现金持有水平越高;并且战略越激进,现金持有价值越高,现金的竞争效应越强。进一步研究表明：随着融资约束和经济政策不确定性的提高,采取激进战略的公司,现金持有水平进一步提高。这说明公司战略是影响现金持有决策的重要因素,而战略激进的公司持有大量现金主要是出于预防性动机,而非代理动机。     

产融结合战略与企业现金持有水平——基于企业持股非上市金融机构的经验证据

本文基于中国A股上市公司2007-2018年数据,从融资约束和代理冲突两条路径考察产融结合对现金持有水平的影响及作用路径.研究发现:进行产融结合的公司现金持有水平更低;产融结合对现金持有水平的负向作用在民营企业中和经济政策不确定性更大的环境中更加显著;利用现金—现金流敏感性模型检验,发现产融结合降低企业现金—现金流敏感...     

年报问询函对超额现金持有水平影响研究

证券监管机构针对上市公司财务报告中的问题所发出的年报问询函,能够影响企业的超额现金持有水平。笔者以2015—2018年中国大陆A股上市公司为研究对象,采用OLS回归、Heckman两阶段模型、PSM+DID模型实证检验了年报问询函对超额现金持有水平的影响。研究结果显示：年报问询函能够减少超额现金持有;在管理层权力较低的企业和市场化程度较高的地区,年报问询函对超额现金持有水平的影响较为稳健;当年报问询函包含的问题数量越多、年报问询函需要中介机构发表核查意见时,年报问询函降低超额现金持有的力度较强;年报问询函通过缓解信息不对称降低超额现金持有。本研究将针对年报问询函经济后果的学术探讨拓展到企业超额现金持有研究领域,揭示了年报问询函对超额现金持有水平的影响,研究结论丰富了有关年报问询函经济后果和超额现金持有影响因素方面的相关文献,为证券监管机构、公司管理层正确认识并充分发挥年报问询函的监管作用提供了理论依据。     

上市公司股权结构与现金持有水平关系的实证分析

从公司治理视角出发,以中国上市公司为样本,对股权结构与企业现金持有决策关系进行了理论与实证分析.结果表明,经理人员持股比例、流通A股比例与企业现金持有水平显著正相关;法人股比例、股权集中度与企业现金持有水平显著负相关;第一大股东持股比例与企业现金持有水平正相关,但不显著;国有股比例与企业现金持有水平负相关,但极不显著.     

利率市场化与公司现金持有

利率市场化作为我国一项重要的金融改革对微观企业的现金持有决策产生了重要的影响。本文以2007～2017年我国非金融类上市公司为研究样本,考察了利率市场化对公司现金持有的影响,研究发现:利率市场化与公司现金持有水平呈正相关关系;利率市场化没有通过融资约束路径影响公司现金持有,而是经由公司治理效应路径在抑制超额持现的过度投资、增加公司现金持有水平的同时,增加了企业的研发投入;利率市场化对公司现金持有的影响在非国有企业、成长性高的企业和违约风险高的企业中更加明显,并且利率市场化下的现金持有行为对企业价值的提升作用主要存在于现金持有水平较低的样本。     

公司治理对我国上市公司现金持有的影响分析

＂自由现金流说＂认为较好的公司治理能迫使经理人将自由现金流返还给股东,现金持有水平会较低;＂现金花费说＂和＂股东权力说＂则认为公司治理好的情形下,现金持有水平会更高。对处于转型经济环境的我国来说,＂现金花费说＂和＂股东权力说＂能更好地解释上市公司现金持有行为。     

Insider Ownership,Subsidiary Cash Holdings,and Economic Consequences: Evidence from Listed Chinese Companies

ABSTRACT

Using a large sample of listed Chinese companies, we investigate how the equity ownership of business group insiders affects subsidiary cash holdings. We find that ownership by the largest shareholders and senior managers in the listed parent firm is negatively related to its subsidiaries’ cash holdings, whereas there is a positive relationship with minority equity in subsidiaries. We also find that the market places a more significant value discount on listed firms whose cash holdings are more located in the affiliated subsidiaries. Our evidence demonstrates how cash policy inside business groups is influenced by insider ownership, and it reveals to what extent cash allocated in subsidiaries may suffer from losses in efficiency.     

Information Asymmetry and Corporate Cash Holdings

This study analyzes the effect of information asymmetry on corporate cash holdings. Using various measures of information asymmetry, this study shows that companies that operate in environments with higher information asymmetry have smaller cash holdings. This study continues to find a negative relationship between information asymmetry and corporate cash holdings from a battery of sensitivity analyses, including the tests using different regression methods and the difference‐in‐difference tests employing brokerage‐firm merger and closure events. On the whole, the results support the monitoring cost hypothesis of cash holdings over the investment opportunities hypothesis.     

公司治理环境、控制权和现金流权分离与现金持有量价值——基于我国上市公司的实证分析

公司治理环境、控制权和现金流权分离度共同影响着企业的现金持有量,实证研究发现:我国公司治理环境与现金持有量之间为正相关关系;控股股东控制权和现金流权偏离度与现金持有量之间为负相关关系,但是公司治理环境的改善对这种关系有抑制作用;与国有企业相比,治理环境和上市公司现金持有量之间的正相关关系在私营企业中表现得更为明显。     

Earnings Quality Effect on Corporate Excess Cash Holdings and Their Marginal Value

By using panel data from Korea’s listed firms, we find that firms with poor earnings quality are more likely to accumulate excess cash holdings, perhaps in an attempt to buffer themselves from information asymmetry problems. We also find that firms with poor earnings quality are more likely to discount the marginal value of their excess cash holdings because their shareholders appear to question the reason for such cash policy changes from the agency theory perspective. Overall, our results suggest that information asymmetry and agency problems are likely to co-exist in firms with poor earnings quality.     

On the Determinants of SME Cash Holdings: Evidence from Spain

Abstract:  This work analyses the factors that might explain the level of cash holdings in a sample of 860 small and medium-sized firms from Spain during the period 1996–2001. The empirical results show that firms have a target cash level to which they attempt to converge. The level of this target is higher for firms with more growth opportunities and larger cash flows. In contrast, the target level for cash holdings falls when the use of bank debt and the presence of substitutes for cash increase. Moreover, when the interest rates in the economy increase firms reduce their cash holding.     

机构投资者持股、现金股利政策与公司价值——来自2005-2010年中国上市公司的经验证据

现金股利政策,决定了机构投资者的收益模式选择——长期持有的价值投资抑或短期频繁买卖的投机炒作,进而影响机构投资者能否帮助上市公司提升公司价值。论文基于2005-2010年中国A股上市公司7159个年度观察数据,实证研究发现,当且仅当上市公司(连续)发放(较高)现金股利时,机构投资者持股才能显著提升公司的市场价值,而且此时机构投资者持股比例还必须达到较高的水平。该结论在控制内生性、计量模型选择、变量度量等问题后仍然稳健成立。     

自由现金流量创造力与违约风险——来自A股公司的经验证据

本文基于我国A股上市公司数据,研究了企业自由现金流量创造力与违约风险之间的关系。研究发现：(1)企业自由现金流量创造力越强,其违约风险越低。经过一系列稳健性检验后,该结论依旧成立。(2)自由现金流量创造力越强的企业往往有更低的债务规模、更高的资产收益率和更低的股票波动,因而其违约风险更低。(3)自由现金流量创造力与违约风险的负相关关系,主要存在于货币政策紧缩时期以及外部信息环境较差的企业。本文发现意味着,监管部门和投资者应重视上市公司自由现金流量创造力不足所带来的潜在债务违约风险,通过不断提高公司自由现金流量创造力,助力我国宏观经济与微观企业高质量发展。     

Carbon Disclosure,Financial Transparency,and Agency Cost: Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Listed Companies

Given the constraints on carbon emissions due to their impact on global warming, carbon disclosure has become an important way to deliver signals to the market. We examine the benefits associated with carbon disclosure from the standpoint of corporate social responsibility (CSR) for China’s manufacturing industries from 2010 to 2014. We divide corporations into heavily polluting and non-heavily polluting groups in order to control the industry factor. Based on the Principal-Agent Theory, we empirically test the relationship between carbon disclosure and financial transparency, and we evaluate the effect of carbon disclosure on agency costs and operations. Our results highlight that carbon disclosure is negatively associated with agency costs. However, we do not find enough evidence to prove what role financial transparency plays in the relationship between carbon disclosure and agency cost. Therefore, the influence of financial transparency as a mechanism is not yet clear. This study provides a way to look at the intentions of firms that disclose carbon information, and it also enhances the literature on carbon disclosure and agency costs in China based on Chinese data.     

Confucian Culture and Trade Credit: Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies

This paper examines the effect of cultural factors on the use of trade credit, an important non-formal financial channel. Using a sample of Chinese listed companies from 2007–2017, we find that firms headquartered in regions with a stronger Confucianism atmosphere can obtain more trade credit than their peers elsewhere. Further, the positive association between Confucianism and trade credit is more prominent for non-state-owned enterprises and firms located in regions with underdeveloped financial markets. Overall, our results highlight that Confucian culture—as an implicit value norm and an ethical philosophy—plays an important positive role in fostering honesty, and thus, promoting the use of trade credit. It enriches the literature on the determinants of trade credit and provides insights on the impact of Confucianism on corporate behavior and its underlying mechanism.     

现金持有量的现金流敏感性实证研究:来自2000—2009年食品饮料行业上市公司的证据

本文对2000—2009年中国食品饮料行业上市公司的样本数据进行了实证研究,发现小规模公司现金持有量对其内部现金流表现出一定程度的敏感性,而大规模公司的现金持有量则对其内部现金流没有表现出敏感性。原因可能在于小规模公司比大规模公司面临更强的融资约束。