旅游云时代的旅游公共信息服务

利用现代科技,特别是信息技术推进旅游业从传统服务业向现代服务转型是我国旅游业发展面临的中长期问题。互联网的发展,尤其是Web2.0的应用模式使得用户成为网络的中心,网络成为旅游者获取旅游信息、享受旅游服务、展现旅游过程感受的重要途径和手段,这对于旅游业提升信息化程度带来了更高的要求。然而,我国旅游供应链中存在     

回忆疗愈：过往旅游经历对老年人不幸福感的治愈作用研究

在我国社会老龄化程度不断加深的背景下，寻求治疗老年人心理问题的有效疗愈手段，是提升老年人幸福感水平、实现健康老龄化的重要保障。文章基于回忆疗法，以过往旅游经历作为回忆内容，采用3个现场实验验证其对老年人心理问题的疗愈作用。其中，实验一检验回忆过往旅游经历对老年人心理问题的疗愈效果及作用机制；实验二进一步对比不同回忆内容的疗愈效果差异；实验三验证不同时期的旅游经历对老年人幸福感的提升作用。实验结果表明，回忆过往旅游经历一方面通过提升积极情绪增强老年人当下幸福感，另一方面通过提升存在意义感增强老年人回溯幸福感，对老年心理问题具有疗愈作用。此外，相比于回忆过往生活经历，回忆过往旅游经历尤其是早年旅游经历的疗愈效果更好。研究结论不仅在更大的时间尺度上探讨了旅游经历对老年人幸福感的积极影响，剖析了旅游对个体生命的整体意义，还证明了旅游经历在心理问题治疗领域的重要价值，为健康老龄化的实现提供了建议。     

生态旅游中实现游客幸福感的主客体契合模式——以钱江源国家公园为例

让游客在生态旅游中获得幸福感是国家公园创造社会福祉的重要途径，相应幸福感受主客体因素共同影响。文章以钱江源国家公园为研究区，通过质性分析识别生态旅游客体条件及主体体验内容；调查评价旅游主体获得的快乐及实现幸福感；通过比较分析、普通最小二乘与分位数回归，分析主体对客体体验特征、各种体验感受对其快乐幸福感、实现幸福感的影响。结果表明：主体对客体接触与了解、在客体中沉浸与享受是其游中幸福感最主要来源，而研究区客体内容丰富且变换性强，需主体以积极主动的方式进行接触和感受，但大部分主体主动性不强，旅游体验与客体特征契合不够；不同主体在各种体验中的幸福感形成特征不同，但这些特征尚未被充分认知和关注，致使旅游客体配置方式与主体幸福感形成特征契合不够。主客体契合不充分对游客幸福感造成负影响。因此，运营者需实行互为优化参照的主客体契合模式，既根据客体特征调适优化主体体验，又根据主体幸福感形成特征进行客体优化配置，以提升生态旅游者幸福感。     

提高旅游服务质量需要成熟的旅游者

成熟的消费者是提升一个行业的物质与服务产品质量不可或缺的因素,消费者越挑剔,一个行业的物质与服务产品的质量就越高,旅游行业亦不例外。旅游者即旅游产品的消费者,是旅游服务的直接参与者、感受者与享受者,加之旅游服务质量的评估离不开对旅游期望值和旅游满意度的比较,可见旅游者对旅游服务的监控比政府有关行政管理部门、旅游行业组织,以及相关社会组织(如消协)的间接监控更为直接有效。因此,通过社会的旅游消费教育、旅游法制教育,促进旅游消费的成熟,也是提升旅游服务质量的重要途径。成熟的旅游者不仅具备理性的旅游消费意识,而且…     

中国旅游发展笔谈——关于旅游服务质量（三）：提高旅游服务质量需要成熟的旅游者

成熟的消费者是提升一个行业的物质与服务产品质量不可或缺的因素，消费者越挑剔，一个行业的物质与服务产品的质量就越高，旅游行业亦不例外。旅游者即旅游产品的消费者，是旅游服务的直接参与者、感受者与享受者，加之旅游服务质量的评估离不开对旅游期望值和旅游满意度的比较，可见旅游者对旅游服务的监控比政府有关行政管理部门、旅游行业组织，以及相关社会组织(如消协)的间接监控更为直接有效。因此，通过社会的旅游消费教育、旅游法制教育，促进旅游消费的成熟，也是提升旅游服务质量的重要途径。     

基于时空路径的旅游情感体验过程研究——以香港海洋公园为例

随着旅游产业的发展进入成熟阶段,产业实践问题逐渐发生质变,核心矛盾已经从单纯的“旅游吸引力”转换为更加复杂的“旅游体验质量”问题.成熟旅游区和旅游目的地不仅关注游客规模、旅游收入,而且关系自身提供的旅游设施、旅游服务和旅游产品的质量管理;与此同时,还关注旅游者体验的满意度评价和旅游者情感体验的全过程.文章将时间地理学中的时空路径概念和旅游体验中的两极情感模型相结合,提出了“旅游情感路径”(TEP)的概念,试图打开旅游体验情感的黑箱.通过“旅游情感路径”概念模型的提出,尝试构建一种定量化、过程化和可视化研究旅游体验情感的新方法.以世界著名主题公园香港海洋公园为案例地,以时间地理学的时空路径为研究工具,采用手持GPS设备获取旅游者时空行为轨迹信息,辅助以日志调查方法获取旅游者消费信息、情感量化信息等,将旅游情感体验过程进行量化研究,基于时空路径分析旅游者的情感体验结果和过程.研究结果表明,旅游者情感体验各节点的愉悦度与总体愉悦度之间均存在显著相关关系.基于旅游情感路径的实证数据定量分析结果提出了对“第一印象区”的新理解,指出第一印象区的空间范围取决于具体案例地旅游者第一印象建立所需要的时间,在这个时间段内旅游者游程覆盖的区域都属于第一印象区.研究结果能够为旅游景区产品调整、改进和精细化设计提供理论指导,并在优化旅游者时空行为和提升旅游者体验质量等方面有较大的应用空间.     

旅游体验审美精神论

旅游体验的审美体系是建立在人本基础上的.从审美心理的角度看,旅游体验具有主体性、浸入性、互动性和不确定性,其核心价值在于审美.旅游体验造就了审美的人、完整的人.旅游审美体验是旅游者在情境互动之中,追求审美存在和生命创造的强烈内心感受.文章从旅游体验的审美感知、审美情感和审美想象三个层面展开.旅游体验充满着人在旅途的跨文化审美意蕴,它是为了探寻生活溶解在心灵中的秘密,并借由想象获得存在的真实和生命的沉醉.旅游体验体认的是人与物化、神与物契的审美情怀,高扬的是生生之德的审美境界.旅游体验中所体现的审美精神是彰显的、独立的、本真的人性；它所追寻的审美境界是自由的、升华的、解放的审美人生.     

江西赣南旅游不容小视的软实力开发——以文化、外语为例

旅游软实力是指旅游目的地能够让旅游者“尝试他种人生的深层欲望”的一种实力,体现在旅游的全过程中的各个方面。旅游者旅游的目的是通过旅游体验一种充满魅力的日常生活．那么,旅游目的地的软实力本质就是为旅游者提供一种体验旅游实践的美学。它能体现旅游目的地所标签的价值观念系统相对于旅游发生地的吸引力,能够对接旅游者的深层欲望．修正旅游者的文化偏好。     

旅游者主观幸福感影响因素及提升途径研究

旅游活动与主观幸福感关系的研究国外已经有了一定的研究成果。本文试从国内旅游者的视角，重新审视旅游者的心理表达。分析旅游对旅游者主观幸福感的影响因素，并对影响因素与旅游者主观幸福感间的定量关系进行了探索。并据此提出了建议。     

“创意旅游”时代的旅游规划体系创新思考

正随着旅游业的快速发展和人们生活水平的不断提高,传统大众观光旅游方式过于依赖自然、环境等元素,其文化含量不足、创新意识不够等弊端日益凸显。同时,伴随体验经济时代的到来,旅游者需求理念趋于成熟。一方面,个性化突出的旅游者不愿继续被动接受传统、单一的"到此一游"的旅游方式,而是追求旅游服务的差异化,希望成为自己旅游需求的生产者和设计者;另一方面,旅游消费中休闲娱乐的诉求比例不断增大,乡村体验游、主题公园游和动漫主题游等参与度高、娱乐性强和     

积极心理学在旅游学研究中的应用

积极心理学是心理学研究的一个新思潮。它关注人类的积极品质,探索人类的美德,主张用开放的、欣赏的眼光去看待人类的潜能、动机和能力等。积极心理学不仅契合社会发展背景,而且迎合民众追求幸福的心理,因此其在学术研究和普通民众中的影响力日渐增加。在澳大利亚旅游心理学家菲利普·皮尔斯等(Philip Pearce,et al.)的引荐下,旅游学,一门致力于提升个人和社会的和谐发展与幸福指数的学科,也开始关注积极心理学的应用。文章首先阐述积极心理学的基本主张,注重条理化归纳,然后对积极心理学与旅游学的融合研究做重点述评,注重客观的应用性拓展研究介绍,最后结合国内外的研究现状和国内实情,认为积极心理学在旅游学研究中具有广泛的应用和提升空间,创新的核心是融合中国传统与当代文化,做有深度的研究。结合国内外研究现状,文章提出三个创新提升方向:关注旅游社区的居民福祉,聚焦旅游与游客个人发展、社会和谐的关系,关注日益庞大的老年旅游群体。     

身体现象学视角下徒步旅游者Flow体验的生成与意义

近年来,在人文社会科学研究"身体转向"的背景下,微观身体逐渐成为窥探旅游体验的关键视角。文章基于身体现象学,构建了旅游者心流(Flow)体验生成与意义分析框架,利用参与式观察、深入访谈、感官民族志等方法对稻城亚丁徒步旅游者进行实证分析,研究发现:(1)徒步旅游者的旅游世界"知觉场"形成源于外部环境对其身体感觉、运动通道、多感官知觉等具身体验的不断刺激;(2)作为"具身-认知"的过程,徒步旅游者Flow体验生成源于技能与挑战的平衡,且主客互动推动旅游者获得新的认知体验;(3)徒步旅游者Flow体验的意义蕴含在具身实践的身体知觉与特定的社会情境之中,并通过主体知觉意识、情感体验、价值判别呈现;(4)Flow体验状态意味着幸福情绪的获得,最终给予真实自我和真实世界的价值判断。研究尝试从身体现象学视角出发,对体验领域的Flow体验进行研究,是对旅游体验研究话题扩展的有益尝试。     

Conceptualizing the selves of tourism

A profusion of touristic experiences of the last 20 years has generated a variety of means of theorizing, analysing and marketing tourism. This paper has sought to recentre the analysis on the ideas of a conceptualization of the self through the tourism experience. Predominant current conceptualizations of tourism as commiditized escapes have been re-examined and recontextualized in the light of feminised post structural viewpoints to bring a richer understanding of tourist experience(s). The potential for changes in self and identity through cross-cultural interactions is discussed. The approach taken is person centred, rather than those focussed on economics, marketing or management. Nevertheless we demonstrate the usefulness of such a people orientated perspective for all aspects of the tourism industry. At the same time the threads of an interactive, person centred approach are being woven together to emphasise the importance of interactions – personal, communal and cultural in the tourist enterprise and to position the selves and identities of tourists and hosts at the ethical centre.     

Residential tourism and eudaimonic well-being: A ‘value-adding’ analysis

This study aims to explore the linkage between residential tourism and eudaimonic well-being. A “value-adding” approach is applied to this analysis with an extended interpretation. Residential tourism involves a prolonged stay in a destination and thus can lead to fundamental changes in environment, lifestyle, social networks, and values. Residential tourist experience is found to have profound impacts on individuals' eudaimonic well-being in the eight aspects of autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, purpose in life, the extension of youth, positive relations with others, self-acceptance, and inner peace. This study advances Ryff's (1989) eudaimonic well-being model and contributes to tourism and mobility research. Implications for residential tourists and destination managers are also provided.     

Does Tourism Change Our Lives?

Does tourism change our lives? The mainstream of tourism psychology research is mostly concerned with tourist motivation, behavior in and satisfaction with destination, and few studies explore how tourism might affect people's perceptions of themselves, home, neighborhood, work, friends, relatives, and life in general. This study seeks insights into the effect and influence of travel and tourism on people, not momentary impact during vacation but longer-term impact in terms of sense of being, direction in life, and well-being. It is found that there are positive changes in the perception of life among Chinese travelers in general and the perception changes among travelers are significantly stronger than the perception changes among the control group of non-travelers. There is clear evidence that travelers feel more positive than non-travelers in their general well-being, attitude toward life, sense of control, and outlook.     

The relationship between white-water rafting experience formation and customer reaction: a flow theory perspective

White-water rafting is an exciting form of water adventure that not only satisfies the need of tourists to interact with nature, but also represents an invigorating recreational experience, thereby explaining why it has become a popular adventure tourism activity in Taiwan. Although a few studies have analyzed multiple tourist tourism experiences, there is still a lack of research adopting the flow experience perspective to understand tourist motivations when participating in rafting activities. Therefore, this study adopts the concept of flow experience to examine the relationships among experience antecedents, flow experience and result variables. The statistical results show that tourist rafting skill, level of challenge of rafting activity and playfulness significantly and positively influence tourist flow experience that, in turn, promotes a positive mood and satisfaction. Moreover, tourist satisfaction significantly and positively influences tourist loyalty. Finally, the research findings and theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.     

Tourists’ happiness: are there smart tourism technology effects?

The purpose of this study is to develop a research model demonstrating tourists’ value-seeking processes through the tourism services and travel experiences of a destination. The model suggests that tourist happiness is assessed by tourists’ perceived experiences, which are formed by two motivational values: smart tourism technology (STT) and destination value. Despite a large quantity of research attention on destination tourism, the relation between tourists’ destination experience and STT has been less enthusiastically studied. Therefore, this study proposes to test an integrated model with attributes of STTs and destination values that contribute to tourists’ life happiness. The results of this study, from a survey of 191 foreign tourists in Seoul, South Korea, indicate that tourists are likely to put more value on what they perceived from their destination travel experiences than what they perceived from their experiences with STT services when they evaluate their overall happiness. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

Exploring the value of augmented reality for tourism

Augmented reality (AR) is increasingly used as a marketing, information and experience channel within the tourism industry. However, little is known with regards to the actual value of AR for the tourism industry, with most research still in its infancy. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore the perceived value of AR for the tourism industry from the perspective of tourism experts. Using a qualitative and exploratory approach, this study conducted fifteen interviews with tourism experts in order to explore tourism specific AR value dimensions. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. This study revealed five value dimensions including marketing, economic, tourist, epistemic and organisational. Commonalities and differences between different perspectives are discussed. These findings provide important implications for strategy development, AR implementation, and tourist experience design.     

Positive psychology and tourist well-being: A systematic literature review

This paper examines the current state of research on well-being from tourism from the lens of positive psychology. A systematic review of 82 peer-reviewed articles published in English-language tourism journals indicate that tourist well-being is predominantly examined as a consequence of travel, rather than linked to tourism marketing and management. This study presents a conceptual framework of the antecedents, episodes and consequences of tourist well-being. Practically, results suggest strategies on how well-being can be used to generate better outcomes for tourism marketers and managers. By mapping what is known in the intersection between positive psychology and tourist well-being, this study identifies existing gaps and opportunities for future research in this area.     

从生活世界到旅游世界:心境的跨越

借用生活世界和旅游世界两个概念,本文对旅游体验发生的特殊情境进行探讨,旨在建立一个解释旅游体验的理论框架。文章认为旅游世界的生成,并非它的物质性,而在于主体视角的转换。正因旅游者使用另一种视角看待他者的生活世界,所以他者眼中的生活世界才得以获取旅游世界的地位。这种视角的转换本质上是心境的转换,从而使得旅游者进入了另一种生存方式和生存状态。旅游世界为心境的转换提供了外部空间和条件,从而取得了特殊生存空间的地位。因此,旅游世界独特之处不在于其客观的构成要素,而在于旅游者主观的心境,即旅游者处于一种心游状态。正是这种心游状态,使得旅游世界呈现出情感主导、回归本我、自成目标等不同于生活世界的特点。