‘Heritagisation’, a challenge for tourism promotion and regional development: an example of food heritage

As a marker of regional identity, heritage remains a complex field of inquiry. The discussion proposed here will use food to investigate the process of heritage construction or ‘heritagisation’ as an important issue for rural tourism promotion. If food today is considered to be a locus of inter-cultural exchange that contributes to the construction of social identities, then it could also be considered as an important resource for rural development strategy. As it is also strongly associated with the tourism sector, gastronomic heritage, in its forms of construction and mobilisation, calls into question the social and cultural dynamics of a given space. The objective of this discussion is twofold and will treat the notion of heritage as a social construct and as a resource for action. We will attempt to answer the following question: At what point can heritage become a resource and component of professional opportunities? To what extent does this prove to be undeniably subject to the process of local ownership? Methodological note: I emphasise that this discussion, which results from a study of three rural regions in France, will attempt to formally and objectively posit a means of comprehending the process of heritage creation.     

都市型观光农业发展趋势与对策研究--以北京海淀区观光农业发展为例

本文总结了都市型观光农业研究现状与我国的发展历程,分析了都市型观光农业的主要特征、功能及其发展趋势,并根据北京海淀区观光农业的管理经验,提出了加快发展都市型观光农业的具体对策。     

An exploration of foreign tourists’ perceptions of Korean food tour: a factor-cluster segmentation approach

Food tour in Korea has emerged as a popular program for foreign tourists who learn and experience Korean culture through cuisine, restaurants, and dining customs. The main objective of this empirical research is to investigate foreign tourists’ perceptions of Koran food tour and segment the emerging Korean food tour market. A total of 211 usable responses from foreign tourists who experienced Korean food tour were collected through the purposive sampling approach. The results of an exploratory factor analysis showed 7 food service factors delineated from 30 food tour service attributes and 4 segments of Korean food tour market (authenticity seekers, knowledge seekers, guidance seekers, and utmost experience seekers) were identified through the cluster-discriminant analysis. Detailed implications for the operators and marketers of Korean food tour programs are discussed.     

休闲农业研究进展及其若干理论问题

本文对国内外在休闲农业概念、资源开发与空间布局、产品开发与市场营销、产业分析、宏观管理、休闲农业与乡村可持续发展等方面的研究进展进行了综述。据此及我国当前休闲农业实践中存在的问题，提出了今后休闲农业研究的四个理论问题：1．休闲农业的本质与乡村性；2．休闲农业经营主体与政策立足点；3．城乡互动与城郊型休闲农业的空间布局；4．体验经济与休闲农业产品开发。     

The Impacts of Culinary Training on Healthful Food Preparation

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impacts of different culinary training programs (certified, culinary degree, apprenticeship) on chefs' nutrition education, attitude toward healthful food preparation, and practices of healthful food preparation. Furthermore, the barriers to healthful food preparation practices will be determined. A total of 400 chefs representing independent restaurants in Oklahoma were randomly selected to participate in this study. The total response to the mailings, telephone invitations, and reminders generated 137 (34.25%) completed questionnaires. The findings implied that culinary degree education will be the leading trend in the future culinary training. Moreover, different culinary training techniques do influence the chefs' attitudes toward healthful food preparation. However, the level of training does not make any difference on chefs' nutritional knowledge and practices of healthful food preparation.     

Globalisation and food consumption in tourism

In this paper, the common perception of globalisation as a threat to local gastronomic identities is contrasted by its other facet, as an impetus that opens up new opportunities for reinvention of local gastronomic products and identities. Relevant perspectives and theories of globalisation are reviewed to provide a theoretical framework for the study. Key dimensions underlying food consumption in tourism are elucidated, and the impacts of globalisation on the culinary supply and tourist food consumption are discussed. A conceptual model is developed in an attempt to illustrate the influence of globalisation on food consumption in tourism. This study concludes that from the world culture theory perspective, globalisation can be an impetus to reconstruct or reinvent local gastronomic traditions and particularities.     

中国遗产旅游业的经营制度选择--兼评四权分离与制衡主张

本文从遗产的价值特性和权属特性以及遗产事业使命出发。讨论遗产旅游业的经营制度选择。本文认为：遗产区的“遗产的旅游展示类服务”事务应由遗产单位进行非营利性经营;遗产区外的“非遗产展示类旅游服务”事务(行、住、食、购、娱等)应交由旅游公司、当地政策、周边社区进行营利性经营;当遗产区内的“非遗产展示类旅游服务”事务规模较大时,可以特许经营方式交由非遗产单位进行营利性经营。本文进而评论了“四权分离与制衡”主张的不合理性,并且认为,中国遗产旅游业经营制度中的“中国特色”应表现在对“贫困地区遗产公益性”、“遗产区门票的价格定位”、“门票优惠”、“遗产区旅游收益的分配”、“让利于地方”等五个方面问题的具体处理上。     

遗产原真性·旅游者价值观偏好·遗产旅游原真性

本文指出旅游科学的"原真性"概念与遗产科学的渊源;提出应将"authenticity"译为"原真性"的理由;概述了遗产科学对"原真性"概念的认识发展;从旅游价值观偏好层面对当代旅游科学中出现的"客观主义原真性"、"建构主义原真性"、"存在主义原真性"、"后现代主义原真性"诸提法进行了评论;最后,较为概括地辨析了原真性概念在文化和遗产旅游中的具体处置.     

A holiday celebration in a binational context: Easter experiences at the US–Mexico border

As part of a larger research project examining cross-border culture in a recreational and tourism context, this brief research note describes how intangible heritage melds into Easter celebrations and provides some preliminary findings of interviews with borderlanders and their experiences with Easter memories. The Paso del Norte region of the US–Mexico border is composed of the Ciudad Juárez (Mexico) and El Paso and Las Cruces (USA) conurbation. Mexican culture with strong roots at north of the border, while American culture heavily influences the cities south of the line. There are five international border ports of entry, which have facilitated the growth of cross-border tourism and the flow of culture and ideas on both sides of the boundary. In this setting, the commemoration of ‘Bunny Day’, or Easter, has become an important borderland cultural phenomenon celebrated on both sides of the border at Chamizal Park in Ciudad Juárez and Chamizal National Memorial in neighboring El Paso, and has become a mark of local borderlands culture. This is unique to the Paso del Norte borderland, which is home to a highly conservative, Catholic society. It is a manifestation of blended American and Mexican religious holiday traditions that represent the US–Mexico border community