提升基层干部治理能力对策研究

在社会治理体系和治理能力不断优化和提升的环境下,基层干部队伍建设逐渐规范和正规,但是在部分地区,一些老旧保守的思想依然存在,基层干部对政策的理解和实施也存在不同程度的问题。在脱贫攻坚的决胜阶段,要及时快速地解决基层干部内部存在的问题,才能解决好政府和人民群众之间的问题,逐渐完善基层建设。     

再思社会科学方法论的形式主义与实质主义之争——以经济学的新进展为例

笔者从社会科学方法论中的形式主义与实质主义之争这一古老论题出发,阐明了经济学中的形式主义思想在最近半个世纪的发展是建立细节完全刻画的"全模型",并指出其背后的理念不在于建立普遍规律,而在于形成可以用以启发人们理解经验世界的辅助性认知手段。在澄清全模型方法认识论价值的同时,本文也指出其应用重点不在于形成理想化与意识形态化的叙事,而在于针对局域的经验事实,建立具有确定经验限定意涵的模型化推论,以阐明经验事实背后不易被单纯质性研究阐发的机制。当代经济学方法论显示的这一发展,可以被称为"形式主义经济学的实质主义化",对这一趋势的把握有助于揭示主流经济学独特的认识论价值。     

中国动产抵押权变动模式论

动产抵押权变动由罗马法和日尔曼法的形式主义到近现代英美法系和大陆法系一些国家的登记对抗主义,无疑走向了历史的倒退.由于登记的公示机能无法像占有那样随着动产物权变动而彰显,而且对一些价值不大的动产进行登记可能造成不便,增加抵押人的费用.因此,为了兼顾交易快捷与安全,有必要在登记之外寻求其他的"形式表象"来表征动产抵押权的变动.     

夫妻财产约定中的不动产物权变动

我国2001年婚姻法修正案将夫妻约定财产制和法定财产制地位并列,且规定夫妻约定财产制效力高于法定财产制,这进一步完善了我国夫妻财产约定制度,明确夫妻可以约定婚姻关系存续期间所得财产以及婚前财产归各自所有、共同所有或者部分各自所有、部分共同所有,其约定对双方具有约束力。但在夫妻财产约定中,约定一方婚前财产,主要是房产,此类不动产婚后共有或者归对方所有时,是否须要履行物权变动程序,即对方对房产所有权的取得是否必须要办理完过户方能生效,以及出现争议时原所有权人是否可以行使撤销权。这些问题亟待解决。     

Value,sign, and social structure: the ‘game’ metaphor and modern social science

This exploratory paper, part of continued work on the history of game theory, seeks to illustrate certain links between von Neumann's theory of games and contemporaneous ideas in other fields. In particular, we claim that the emergence of the analytical metaphor of the ‘game’ in economics can be viewed as part of a general reconceptualization of theory in a range of disciplines. That methodological reconstitution may be described as the emergence of a Structuralist view, an approach to theorizing which treated its object – be that a text, a kinship arrangement, or an economy – as a self-contained system, with its own internal logic, subject to its own ‘laws’. In particular, individual texts, or observed social and economic arrangements, are now viewed as variations on an underlying logical theme, on a structural invariant. The latter is to be uncovered, in the case of linguistics, through the analysis of phonemes; in kinship analysis, through the rules governing the exchange of women because of the incest taboo; in von Neumann and Morgensterns game theory, through the possibilities for equilibrium coalition formation, based on the stable set. There thus emerged a tendency, across the intellectual spectrum, towards seeing things in combinatorialterms. Theoretical coherence was to be found in examining how objects ‘held together’ rather than analysing where they ‘came from’: nineteenth-century concerns with history, evolution and individual psychology give way to a distinctly modern emphasis on synchronic, formal structure, on analogical reasoning. Atomism gave way to holism, and formal elegance superceded immediate empirical content. Recourse to the metaphor of the ‘game’ was constitutive of this shift, which we examine by referring to Saussures General Course in Linguistics, to Formalism in mathematics and literary analysis, to Lévi-Strauss's analysis of kinship and myth, and to von Neumann and Morgenstern's Theory of Games and Economic Behaviour.     

Group Processes and Performance and Their Effects on Individuals' Ethical Frameworks

This paper explores the influence of group context on the ethical predispositions of group members. Results indicate that groups exert a powerful influence on individuals' ethical frameworks, and that the patterns of these influences differ depending on the type of ethical framework involved. Individuals' ethical utilitarianism was affected by both leadership style and group cohesiveness. Ethical formalism was most affected by the leadership style in the group.     

形式主义对全面深化改革的危害及其对策

从哲学角度看,形式主义的思想根源和哲学基础是唯心主义和形而上学,违背了内容决定形式、形式为内容服务的科学原理。在改革实践中,形式主义表现为假改革、不彻底改革、打着改革旗号获取个人或者小集体利益。在贯彻落实全面深化改革过程中杜绝形式主义就要理解形式主义的哲学内涵,分析形式主义产生的原因,剖析形式主义对全面深化改革的危害,提出合理的对策建议。     

Description, modelling and forecasting of data with optimal wavelets

Cascade processes have been used to model many different self-similar systems, as they are able to accurately describe most of their global statistical properties. The so-called optimal wavelet basis allows to achieve a geometrical representation of the cascade process-named microcanonical cascade- that describes the behavior of local quantities and thus it helps to reveal the underlying dynamics of the system. In this context, we study the benefits of using the optimal wavelet in contrast to other wavelets when used to define cascade variables, and we provide an optimality degree estimator that is appropriate to determine the closest-to-optimal wavelet in real data. Particularizing the analysis to stock market series, we show that they can be represented by microcanonical cascades in both the logarithm of the price and the volatility. Also, as a promising application in forecasting, we derive the distribution of the value of next point of the series conditioned to the knowledge of past points and the cascade structure, i.e., the stochastic kernel of the cascade process.     

物权变动模式之分析

物权变动,无论从民法理论层面出发,还是从实践角度考量,一直是各国民法界关注的焦点.虽然我国<物权法>已颁布施行多年,但是人们对于我国物权变动模式的争论并未平息.本文试从比较民法的角度分析和论证不同物权变动模式的利弊,并论证我国<物权法>所确立的物权变动模式的合理性.     

Interrogating Sickonomics,from Diagnosis to Cure: A Response to Hodgson

Hodgson's review of our books argues against us that marginalism neither adopted methodological individualism nor excluded the social from economics. Thus, he finds a partial solution to sickonomics in abandoning the term methodological individualism and using both structures and individuals as analytical starting point(s), revisiting Marshallian marginalism dressed up in socio-institutional clothing. He also denies any relationship between the current malaise in economics and the marginal revolution, as we claim, focusing exclusively on institutional developments since the Second World War. We show Hodgson is either partial or wrong on all of these counts. Firstly, his alternative to methodological individualism is untenable. Secondly, institutions, although implicitly present in Marshallian and Walrasian economics, play no substantive analytical role and as such are superfluous. Finally, although institutional factors help explain the sickness of modern economics (in addition to socioeconomic, ideological, political, and intellectual factors), the intellectual roots of this decay lie in the conceptual framework established around the marginal revolution.