川西高原典型作物土地适宜性评价及其影响因素

目的 川西高原生态环境脆弱,经济发展水平低,开展生态脆弱区域典型作物土地适宜性分析,对农业生产的作物规划管理,以及拓宽当地农户增收致富渠道具有重要意义。方法 文章基于四川省土地利用现状数据,综合运用AHP层次分析法、栅格指数模型,构建川西高原典型作物土地适宜性目标层、准则层和指标层三级评价指标体系。结果 （1）典型作物土地适宜性评价因子中气候条件影响较大,社会经济条件影响相对较小。（2）大白菜种植适宜用地主要分布在大渡河中游和岷江流域,其中高适宜区1.652 5 万hm²;苹果种植适宜用地主要分布在大渡河流域河谷山地和岷山山脉,其中高适宜区36.121 5万 hm²;梨种植适宜用地主要分布在大渡河中游和岷江流域,其中高适宜区31.025 3万hm²;甜樱桃种植适宜用地主要分布在大渡河和岷江流域的河谷和山地,其中高适宜区16.891 4万hm²;核桃种植适宜用地主要分布金沙江、雅砻江、大渡河和岷江流域的河谷区,其中高适宜区41.913 7万hm²。（3）从县域空间尺度上评价,川西高原推荐种植核桃和梨的县（市）最多,分别为22个和16个。推荐种植大白菜的县（市）最少,只有3个。（4）川西高原农业产业光温条件好、气候垂直变化显著,但常受低温等极端天气影响;耕地比重小、分布零散且耕地质量低;低纬度高海拔同时地势高耸、地形破碎;交通和灌溉设施薄弱,自然—社会经济因素影响川西高原典型作物产业发展。结论 研究结果符合川西高原典型作物种植现状,但是该研究构建的土地适宜性评价体系中对内源性因素考虑不够,缺乏对劳动力、经营方式等因素的分析,同时缺少对科学技术、法律法规、政策、市场等外源性因素的思考。     

论农民工弱势群体劳动权的保护

文章认为,保护农民工劳动权,是农民工生存并摆脱弱势境况的前提和基础。劳动权具体包括就业权、获得报酬权、福利权、休息权和安全保障权。由于城乡二元户籍制度形成的身份壁垒,加之劳动权保护法律机制不健全等诸多原因,农民工劳动权受侵害的现状令人堪忧。文章提出了应该改革户籍制度,健全劳动权保护法律机制,严格劳动保障执法,提高农民工的法律意识,使农民工弱势群体劳动权切实得到保护等政策措施。     

Consumer empowerment: global context,UK strategies and vulnerable consumers

Globalization has created new consumer needs and wants, and resulted in consumer confusion regarding the increasing complexity of products and services. This has stimulated global interest in educating and empowering consumers. The UK government has made a very ambitious commitment to ensure that the framework for consumer empowerment and support is at the level of the best in the world by 2008. The government, many consumer organizations and regulators believe that empowered consumers are key to the success of competitive markets. Two national strategies to co‐ordinate activities in the UK have been developed by the Office of Fair Trading (OFT) and the Financial Services Authority (FSA). The OFT consumer education strategy aims to deliver targeted, effective consumer education by increasing co‐ordination and making the best use of available resources. The FSA is leading a financial capability strategy designed to deliver change to improve the UK's financial capability. Both strategies share a vision of educated and confident consumers making informed choices about the products and services they buy, and both aim to empower vulnerable consumers. Given the global interest and the development of national strategies, it is useful to consider what is meant by the term consumer empowerment. Is there a shared view of consumer empowerment internationally? Does the education of consumers result in empowered consumers? To what extent do the national strategies address the empowerment of vulnerable, disadvantaged, excluded or susceptible consumers? These questions will be addressed in this article which reviews the global context for the consumer education and empowerment agenda and considers key UK developments, with particular reference to the needs of vulnerable consumers. The study found that the language of consumer empowerment is gaining prominence in policy and strategy documents at the highest levels internationally in the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development and the European Community, and nationally in the UK.     

Pricing Bonds and Bond Options with Default Risk

The pricing of bonds and bond options with default risk is analysed in the general equilibrium model of Cox, Ingersoll, and Ross (1985). This model is extended by means of an additional parameter in order to deal with financial and credit risk simultaneously. The estimation of such a parameter, which can be considered as the market equivalent of an agencies' bond rating, allows to extract from current quotes the market perceptions of firm's credit risk. The general pricing model for defaultable zero-coupon bond is first derived in a simple discrete-time setting and then in continuous-time. The availability of an integrated model allows for the pricing of default-free options written on defaultable bonds and of vulnerable options written either on default-free bonds or defaultable bonds. A comparison between our results and those given by Jarrow and Turnbull (1995) is also presented.     

高寒生态脆弱地区城市绿色工业选择与布局研究——以拉萨市为例

绿色工业是产业升级与转型的产物,是在新形势下保证城市可持续发展的新途径。尤其在我国高寒生态脆弱地区,还处于工业化的初级阶段,如何平衡经济与环境的协调发展便成为了首要问题。以拉萨为例,试图就高寒生态脆弱地区的城市绿色工业选择与布局展开论述与研究。从自然资源利用和环境影响评价两方面出发,运用层次分析法对绿色工业发展进行选择;同时对城市工业用地进行适宜性评价,并建立绿色工业空间敏感度指标体系,利用空间多层次叠合分析对工业布局进行定位,进而引导绿色工业的空间布局。     

对弱势群体的现象学解释

现象学的整体与部分、多样性中的同一性、在场与缺席三种形式结构为研究和探讨各种论题提供了方法论意义。弱势群体作为目前重要的话题对象之一,以现象学的哲学思维剖析它的性质、特点,审视它与其他群体之间的关系等等,有助于进一步发现弱势群体自身的结构、特点,揭示它与其他群体合作中多样性因素的存在价值,以为制定科学地、合理地、具有时效性的社会救助方案提供新的思维路径。     

黄土高原地区生态足迹研究

基于黄土高原地区资源与环境遥感调查数据，介绍了生态足迹的基本概念，计算方法及目前研究现状，对黄土高原地区1991年的人均生态足迹分析结果表明，黄土高原地区1991年人均生态足迹赤字为0．6761hm^2。     

构建和谐社会利益均衡机制的思路与对策——以广州市为例

构建利益均衡机制,减缓利益冲突,是建设和谐社会最根本的途径之一。广州市利益不均衡的表现具有代表性,其强势群体利益扩张的负面影响有所增加,弱势群体的利益格局不容乐观,且利益群体间的收入差距进一步扩大。导致利益不均衡的原因和背景十分复杂,构建利益均衡机制的体制环境、效率重于公平的经济环境、强势利益群体的约束机制以及弱势群体自身的获利能力在短期内都难以改变。当前应全面探索建立相对合理的收入分配机制、财政增收后的反哺机制、外来工的补偿机制与保障机制、低收入阶层的保护机制和提升机制、中等收入阶层扩大机制以及弱势群体权益保护机制,以构建和谐社会的利益均衡机制。     

和谐语境下农村弱势群体的法律保护问题研究

农村弱势群体属于我国弱势群体中的一类,农村弱势群体除了包括老年人群体、残疾人群体、未成年群体、疾病弱势群体,还包括因自然条件限制而处于贫困状况的农民.关注农村弱势群体是社会公正、共同发展和协调发展的和谐理念需要,防止市场经济"马太效应"的加剧和社会问题"水桶效应"的发生应从农村弱势群体的法律保护开始.忽视农村弱势群体将会出现"千里之堤,溃于蚁穴"的社会惨剧.     

Writing Ourselves at Risk: Using Self-narrative in Working for Social Justice

I have recently been thinking of how to be “virtuous” as I engage in doing qualitative research for social justice. In this essay, I explore the complexities and risks involved in representing the researcher-self amidst competing (and perhaps false) dichotomies of the personal/professional life and the scholar/activist. To do so, I deconstruct places in my scholarship where I was willing (consciously and unconsciously) to take risks, where I took risks but was socialized to conform, where I am still unwilling to take the risk and where I am currently writing the risky. The goal is to create a dialogue about the perplexities that surround representing the “researcher self” with goals for social justice.