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961.
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Untersuchung verschiedener Handelsstrategien für Wind- und Solarenergie unter Berücksichtigung der EEG 2012 Novellierung 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The new EEG 2012 law opens up for more parties to participate in the trading of wind and solar power, because of the bonus system that now compensates everybody for all market relevant costs, not only the Transmission System Operators. Therefore it can be expected, that the trading of renewable energies by private parties will increase. One of the central questions to be answered is how efficient does a balance responsible party have to be to stay competitive also with a small pool. The quantification of balance costs for different trading strategies is however complex and non-trivial. We propose a methodology in this study that accounts for this fact. Additionally, we analyse and show the requirements and the monetary value of Intra-Day trading for the handling of wind and solar power. The trading strategies proposed in this article make use of an uncertainty band around the forecasts used in the Intra-Day, in order to avoid double trading and thereby reducing the total balancing volume and the associated costs. 相似文献
965.
966.
C. Anthony Di Benedetto 《Journal of Product Innovation Management》2010,27(7):936-936
967.
Clarence Anthony Bush 《The Review of Black Political Economy》2010,37(2):131-152
In Section 309(j)4(D) of the Communications Act, the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) is required to increase opportunities
for minority groups to participate in the provision of spectrum based services. In Adarand Construction, Inc. v. Pena, the
Supreme Court held that race-based government programs were subject to strict scrutiny. That is race-based programs must serve
a compelling governmental interest such as remedying past discrimination, and must be narrowly tailored to serve that interest.
Against this backdrop, a simple theoretical model is developed that explains the relationship between capital market discrimination
and outcomes in FCC spectrum auctions. Given capital market discrimination and all other factors being equal, it is shown
that a minority firm has zero probability of winning in an auction for spectrum. In addition, it is proven that, if equal
bidding credits are given to all firms, if there is capital market discrimination, and if all other things are equal, the
minority firm has a zero probability of winning in a spectrum auction. It is shown that a policy of auctioning spectrum, when
there is capital market discrimination, is an inferior policy among policies that can be used to allocate spectrum. Finally,
a policy of auctioning spectrum, when there is capital market discrimination, results in an inefficient auction. These theoretical
results and the empirical literature on capital market discrimination suggest that the FCC is implicitly discriminating against
minorities through its auctioning of spectrum under conditions of discrimination in capital markets. The results imply that
race-based programs are necessary/justified in order to increase diversity in telecommunications ownership and increase the
efficiency of FCC Spectrum Auctions. Given possible legal remedies, the paper contains a critical “audit”/analysis of the
FCC’s lending practices under the FCC’s installment payments. Legislative proposals for creating some new form of credit/installment
payment in conjunction with some experienced financial institution(s) are summarized and reviewed. 相似文献
968.
This paper indicates that Turkish exports are subject to structural changes as Turkey integrates into global production networks. Integration, which leads vertical specialization in production and changes in the commodity composition of Turkish exports in favor of non-traditional commodities, paces up during economic reform periods. As the export shares of non-traditional commodities, which have higher import and income sensitivity but lower real exchange rate elasticity, increases, coefficients of the aggregate export function change accordingly. Nevertheless, high import and income elasticity of exports imply that the global growth pattern plays a significant role in determining exports of Turkey. 相似文献
969.
In order to profit from China??s enormous business opportunities, international firms need to know Chinese consumer preferences. To learn more about intrinsic Chinese consumer preferences and their distinction from other Asian consumer preferences, this study analyzes differences in the formation of customer satisfaction, repurchase intent, and word-of-mouth intent between Chinese-born and locally born consumers in Japan. Verifying culture-based hypotheses, cross-industry analyses show that Chinese-born consumers pay less attention to the public brand image and risk-related switching costs, but more attention to quality expectations, perceived value, experienced usefulness, and financial switching costs than Japanese consumers. Marketing strategies should account for these preference structures. 相似文献
970.
Anthony M. Carilli 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2011,24(4):327-333
Academic economists play many roles; researchers, policy advisor, teacher, etc. While each of these roles is important for
the career advancement of an economist, the most important role of academic economists is teaching future citizen economists.
It is incumbent upon economists qua teacher to prepare them to make sense of the world they will inhabit. We must, therefore,
not teach economics, at least at the introductory level, as if it is the first course on the way to a Ph.D., but as if it
is the last class the students will ever take in economics. A consistently subjectivist economics is the best way to teach
future citizen economists. When students understand economics as something that helps them make sense of the world, rather
than a course in applied mathematics, they will be better citizen economists less likely to fall prey to those selling them
free lunches. 相似文献