完善内部控制,加强我国商业银行操作风险的管理

我国商业银行目前对操作风险尚处于学习认识阶段,管理水平较低。本文从理论上探讨了银行操作风险、内控制度及其相互关系,指出完善的内控制度是防范操作风险的主要途径,并结合我国银行业经营的现状,提出了完善治理机制,构筑新的“三道防线”对操作风险实施控制。     

现代银行监管理论的发展及对我国银行监管的启示

放松监管、银行危机与再监管是近30年来世界银行业的主旋律。随着经济和金融的深入发展,银行监管理论和银行监管实践都产生深刻的变化。本文从银行监管的经济学思想回溯入手,按照理论发展的时间顺序对银行监管的经济学思想进行梳理,并在信息不对称和博弈论框架下分析现代银行监管理论的发展,阐述现代银行监管理论的微观基础。最后,文章就现代银行监管理论对我国银行监管的启示提出几点看法。     

知识管理在国外企业的实施:“麦当劳”的做法与思考

知识管理作为一门新兴的学科,在西方企业中被大力推崇。加拿大前300名的金融企业与美国财富500强的企业都把知识资源视为企业成功的关键因素。这一管理体系也被国内许多专家学者所研究。为了清晰知识管理的理论架构,本文通过对麦当劳这个世界著名快餐企业知识管理的案例分析,来探讨知识管理的主要内容和实施策略,以期为国内企业管理知识提供一定的借鉴。     

外国石油公司动态

生产经营 俄罗斯天然气公司计划增加天然气产量 俄罗斯天然气股份有限公司(Gazprom)计划2002年投资484亿卢布(15.8亿美元)将天然气产量从2001年的5120亿立方米增加到5200亿立方米.公司还计划投资6700万卢布以发展天然气运输系统,另有1500万卢布将用于现代化建设.2002年该公司的两个主要经营目标是履行长期出口合同,以及补充公司的后备储量.     

Endogenous Specialisation and Endogenous Principal-agent Relationship

The paper develops a general equilibrium model with endogenous principal-agent relationship within a framework of consumer-producer, economies of specialisation, and transaction costs. It is shown that if transaction efficiency is low, then autarky is chosen as the general equilibrium where no market and principal-agent relationship exists. As transaction efficiency is improved, the equilibrium level of division of labour increases, comparative advantage between ex ante identical individuals emerges from the division of labour, and the number of principal-agent relationships increases. The following features of the model distinguish it from other principal-agent models in the literature. The principal-agent relationships are not only endogenous, but also reciprocal between different specialists. In a general equilibrium environment, choice between pure pricing and contingent pricing is endogenised. In the paper, the implications of endogenous transaction costs caused by moral hazard for the equilibrium extent of the market and related degrees of market integration, production concentration, trade dependence, diversity of economic structure, and productivity are explored. The model predicts two interesting phenomena: a man might work harder for the market with moral hazard than working for himself in the absence of moral hazard; a market with moral hazard might be Pareto superior to autarky with no moral hazard.     

A NEW THEORY OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY AND EMERGENCE OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE FROM DOMESTIC TRADE

Abstract. In the paper a fixed learning cost is introduced into a framework with consumer-producers and transaction costs. The fixed learning cost yields a rate of return on the investment in individual specific learning and training which is increasing in its rate of utilization. Division of labor can avoid duplicated learning costs and generate economies of specialized learning. The tradeoff between economies of specialization and transaction costs can be used to explain concurrent increases in the extent of the market, aggregate demand, productivity, trade dependence, the degree of market integration, the degree of production concentration, diversity of economic structure, variety of different professions, each person's level of specialization, and the extent of endogenous comparative advantage and the emergence of international trade from domestic trade. This model explains demand and supply as two sides of the level of division of labor which is determined by a transaction cost coefficient. Hence, the demand law may not hold even for normal goods owing to complicated interdependencies between the level of specialization and demand and between the level of specialization and prices of traded goods. The extended version of this model with the CES function is used to endogenize variety of consumption in addition to the endogenization of individuals'level of specialization.     

GAINS TO BIDDER FIRMS IN CASH AND SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS

This paper presents empirical test results of alternative hypotheses regarding differences in returns to shareholders of bidding firms that choose different payment methods (cash or securities). The evidence is consistent with the payment method signaling hypothesis, which asserts that when management of the bidding firm believes its own stock to be overvalued (undervalued), securities (cash) will be the preferred payment method. The results are not consistent with either the overpayment hypothesis or the present value/hubris hypothesis. The findings also explain the conflicting results reported in prior work on gains to bidding firms.     

Using a balanced scorecard to improve the performance of an emergency department

The performance of the emergency department significantly improved after implementing the balanced scorecard including hours of continuing education attended by the staff, staff job satisfaction, the rate of incomplete laboratory tests within 30 minutes, the average monthly inappropriate return rate, and hospital profit. The results can assist administrators plan for the future. Although this was a pilot program for implementing a balanced scorecard in an emergency department, the indicators used in this study may also be reasonable for a hospital that has limited resources.     

论我国合同法确立情事变更原则的必要性

情事变更原则,有其独特的内容和功用,有其独立的适用条件和特有的法律效力,并已在我国司法实践中形成"固定见解".且明文规定情事变更原则,是当今世界立法的趋势,我国合同法理应明文规定.     

金融中心评价指标体系研究

本文在综述国内外关于金融中心评价指标体系的基础上，分析了影响金融中心形成和运行的因素，依据国际金融中心的形成和运行具有较高相关度的原则，构建了包括经济环境、金融市场、金融机构和金融制度四方面内容的评价指标体系，利用2004年东京、新加坡、香港、北京、上海、广州和深圳七个城市的数据，依据层次聚类分析方法对这些城市所处的层次进行定位：北京、广州和深圳成为一类，为金融中心的初级阶段；上海成为第二类，为国内金融中心阶段；香港和新加坡成为一类，是区域国际金融中心；东京处于最高阶段．是真正的国际金融中心。最后对这些城市的发展前景进行了预测。