A Sorting Model for Group Decision Making: A Case Study of Water Losses in Brazil

Many water supply systems in Brazil have serious problems related to the high index of water losses, which provokes financial and environmental impacts. This is an immediate consequence of an inadequate maintenance plan, allied to natural and budgetary constraints. In addition, in these types of problems it is commonplace to consider the opinions of many managers, such as those from the operational, environmental and financial sectors of Water Companies. In view of this, a sorting multicriteria model to support group decision making is developed. We proposed an approach which sorts the areas of the system which are located in critical zones of water losses into categories, and which takes into account different points of view and considers uncertainty in criteria weights by using only ordinal information, so as to make it viable to manage the maintenance plan and to use the scant financial resources more efficiently. The SMAA-TRI method is used to tackle the group sorting problematic by categorizing the network into zones where losses are intense and thus to focus the managers’ effort on the most critical regions. A case study in Brazil is presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the approach proposed.     

Ensuring Independent Auditors: Increasing the Saliency of the Professional Identity

We conceptualize threats to auditor independence as conflicts of social identity rather than interest and hypothesize that the greater the saliency of the professional identity among auditors, the more likely the auditor will engage in independent decision-making. Furthermore, we assert that saliency of non-professional identities and weakness of the professional image threaten independence. We hypothesize that a return to the traditional will relate positively to the saliency of the professional identity among auditors and ultimately, to independent decision-making. Actions for re-establishing the external image of the profession are drawn from historical references to the traditional image.     

Australia Demonstrates the Rise of Populism is About More than Economics

Votes for established centre‐right and centre‐left political parties are falling across the developed world. Australia is not immune from this trend: in the 2016 federal election, more people voted for minor parties than at any point since the Second World War. Australia is an interesting case study for the rest of the world on the origins of populist support. Political scientists have struggled to separate the effects of cultural shifts and poor economic outcomes (low wages and rising inequality) in many countries because these shifts have occurred simultaneously. However, in Australia the economy was relatively healthy during the period of rising minor party support. Our analysis suggests that falling trust in government and a backlash against the pace of social change explain much of the collapse in support for the political mainstream.     

The importance of Community law for French consumer protection legislation

The paper examines critically the influence of Community consumer directives upon French consumer law from different angles. It first shows that the intensity of protection offered by Community directives is usually lower than that offered by existing French law, a problem solved by reference to the minimum protection principle of Community law. Community activities may also serve as an argument to exclude or to speed up the introduction of new legislation in France. Specific problems arise when Community law starts from completely different concepts than French law, as is shown in the (not yet implemented) Product Liability Directive. The authors conclude that in an internal market a European legal space must be established which unfortunately is not yet the case.

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Die Bedeutung des Gemeinschaftsrechts für das französische Verbraucherschutzrecht

Zusammenfassung Die Autorinnen untersuchen kritisch die Bedeutung des Gemeinschaftsrechts für den Schutz des Verbrauchers in Frankreich. Die entsprechenden Gemeinschaftsrichtlinien bringen nur wenig änderungen gegenüber der bestehenden französischen Gesetzgebung und Rechtsprechung, auch wenn sich daraus einige Anwendugnsprobleme ergeben. Der Grundsatz der Minimalharmonisierung führt dazu, da\ das französische Schutzniveau nicht gesenkt wereden mu\. Gemeinschaftsinitiativen können weiterhin ein Anla\ zur Verhinderung oder auch zur Einführung nationaler Verbrauchergesetzgebung sein. Schlie\lich zeigt das Beispiel der Produkthaftung, welche Schwierigkeiten die Abstimmung von nationalem und Gemeinschaftsrecht bereitet, wenn beide zwar von ähnlichen Schutzniveaus, aber von völlig unterschiedlichen Begrifflichkeiten ausgehen. Zum Schlu\ weisen die Verfaserinnen auf die Notwendigkeit eines europäischen Rechtsraumes hin, der bislang von den einschlägigen Richtlinien noch nicht angesprochen ist.

     

A sociopsychological approach to vacation and mobility in touristic sites

Several aspects of socio-psychological research are presented dealing with relationships between transport, leisure, and tourism in France. The socio-psychological approach to long distance travel for leisure and vacation purposes is illustrated by recent studies of family mobility: for instance, family decision-making, sociability and travel, territorial behavior and the “territorialisation” process, and change processes related to the family life-cycle. Traffic problems in touristic sites are also considered. An attempt at an action-research approach shows how traffic management in urban areas could benefit from the use of socio-psychological survey data. The diagnosis, forecasts and evaluation of travel behavior could be made more effective through more active cooperation between traffic policymakers, traffic engineers and social scientists.     

Facebook Pages Content,Does it Really Matter? Consumers’ Responses to Luxury Hotel Posts with Emotional and Informational Content

This paper examines clients’ responses to luxury hotel posts with either an informational or an emotional appeal. The luxury hotel industry is selected for its hedonic characteristics and its use of Facebook as a branding tool. An experiment with repeated measurement was conducted involving 45 young adults, clients of luxury hotels, and users of Facebook. An informational appeal is more effective in improving the attitude toward the hotel signature (“Sheraton”, in the context of this study) and in improving the perception of quality than an emotional appeal. Yet, the content of the posts has no influence on the intention to stay at the hotel and the intention to follow the hotel on Facebook. Managerial implications are drawn on the choice of content of Facebook pages.