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521.
Simple majority is one of the most used decision rules in practice. However, under this decision rule, an alternative can
defeat another one with very poor support. For this reason, other decision rules have been considered in the literature, such
as qualified and special majorities as well as other majorities based on difference of votes. In this paper we generalize
the latter mentioned voting systems by considering individual intensities of preference, and we provide some axiomatic characterizations. 相似文献
522.
A new method to derive confidence intervals for quantiles in a finite populations is presented. This method uses multi-auxiliary
information through a multi-variate ratio type estimator of the population distribution function. 相似文献
523.
Emma Dowling 《New Political Economy》2017,22(3):294-310
This paper provides an analysis of the financialisation of the British welfare state. In a continuation of neo-liberal privatisation and labour market activation, the financialised welfare state pursues a policy of welfare retrenchment, while engaging in forms of social engineering aimed at producing self-responsibilised individuals and communities who are financially literate, ‘investment-ready’ and economically productive. New financial instruments such as social impact bonds are deployed to these ends, both to ‘solve social problems’ and enable cost saving. Through the use of such financial instruments, the implementation of regulatory infrastructures and tax incentives, the financialised welfare state becomes a vehicle for the transfer of wealth from the public to private investors, while subjecting the domain of social policy to the vicissitudes of global financial markets. This paper offers a critique of these developments, situating the case of Britain within the broader global context and with regard to the implications for understanding the current political economy of the welfare state. 相似文献
524.
Heather J. McElroy Stuart K. Roberts Alex J. Thompson Peter W. Angus Sarah Jane McKenna Emma Warren 《Journal of medical economics》2017,20(1):72-81
Objective: To evaluate medical resource utilization (MRU) and associated costs among Australian patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C (GT1 CHC), including both untreated patients and those receiving treatment with first-generation protease inhibitor-based regimens (telaprevir, boceprevir with pegylated interferon and ribavirin).Methods: Medical records were reviewed for a stratified random sample of GT1 CHC patients first attending two liver clinics between 2011–2013 (principal population; PP), supplemented by all GT1 CHC patients attending one transplant clinic in the same period (transplant population; TP). CHC-related MRU and associated costs are reported for the PP by treatment status (treated/not treated) stratified by baseline fibrosis grade; and for the TP for the pre-transplant, year of transplant and post-transplant periods.Results: A total 1636 patients were screened and 590 patients (36.1%) were included. Comprehensive MRU data were collected for 276 PP patients (F0–1 n?=?59, F2 n?=?58, F3 n?=?53, F4 n?=?106; mean follow-up?=?17.3 months). Thirty-eight (13.8%) were treatment-experienced prior to enrolment; 55 (19.9%) received triple therapy during the study. Data were collected for 112 TP patients (mean follow-up?=?29.9 months), 33 (29.5%) received a transplant during the study, and 51 (45.5%) beforehand. The annual direct medical costs, excluding drug costs, were higher among treated PP vs untreated PP (AU$: $1,954 vs $1,202); and year of transplant TP vs pre-/post-transplant TP (AU$: pre-transplant $32,407, transplant $155,138, post-transplant $7,358).Limitations: To aid interpretation of results, note that only patients with GT1 CHC who are actively managed are included, and MRU data were collected specifically from liver outpatient clinics. That said, movement of patients between hospitals is rare, and any uncaptured MRU is expected to be minimal.Conclusions: CHC-related MRU increases substantially with disease severity. These real-world MRU data for GT1 CHC will be valuable in assessing the impact of new hepatitis C treatments. 相似文献
525.
This article seeks to extend knowledge of the mackerel (Scomber scombrus) market in the Basque Country (a region in Spain) by analysing possible relationships between this and other species with similar characteristics such as the sardine (Sardina pilchardus), the horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) and the Atlantic chub mackerel (Scomber colias), all of them landed at the ports of the Basque Country. Specifically, the goal is to learn whether these other species can be considered as mackerel substitutes. To that end, a fractional cointegration analysis of different series of historical prices is performed using a novel method never before used in studies of this type. The results indicate that mackerel have no substitutes, and thus form a mono-species regional market. This implies, among other things, that their price is not influenced by the prices of other species, and this should be taken into account by managers when designing management measures and policies to improve the sustainability of the fishing of this species. 相似文献
526.
María del Carmen García Centeno Román Mínguez Salido 《International Advances in Economic Research》2009,15(1):71-87
The objective of this paper is to put forward a new autoregressive asymmetric stochastic volatility model for modeling volatility
and to compare results obtained for this model with an autoregressive stochastic model and another asymmetric volatility model,
such as, asymmetric generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model. The results obtained from the estimation
by maximum likelihood have shown the volatility behavior is asymmetric in the majority of cases. This fact is better shown
by the ARSVA model, than the rest of alternative models. Moreover, the ARSVA model is able to reproduce other stylized facts
of such series, such as high kurtosis, no autocorrelation of returns, slow decreasing of the autocorrelation function of the
squared returns and high persistence.
相似文献
Román Mínguez Salido (Corresponding author)Email: |
527.
Julio García del Junco José Manuel Brás-dos-Santos 《Journal of International Entrepreneurship》2009,7(2):135-162
Little research has analyzed the similarities or differences between entrepreneurs from different European Union countries.
The European Union is a single market, but also an international business arena where the entrepreneurs from any member state
can make their first move in the direction of internationalizing their business. This work presents an exploratory study of
the personal values and attitudes of European entrepreneurs based on a cross-cultural analysis of entrepreneurs from Germany,
Italy, and Spain. The analysis uses Hofstede’s model to study the cultural and social values of these entrepreneurs, and their
personal values have emerged from case studies. The results show that the entrepreneurs of the three different nationalities
share a similar pattern of personal values. These findings are discussed and proposals for further empirical research suggested.
相似文献
José Manuel Brás-dos-SantosEmail: |
528.
Emma P. Y. Wong Thomas G. Bauer Kevin K. F. Wong 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2008,10(3):193-206
This study examines how mutual learning can potentially enhance the destination competitiveness and sustainability of Hong Kong and Singapore. By comparing the recent tourism policies of the two city states, and by interviewing key government officials, major industrial players, academic experts and representatives of international tourism organisations, it was found that both governments can learn from each other in various aspects. The Hong Kong government can learn from its Singapore counterpart the recognition and proactive support it provides to the industry, its visionary leadership, and its eagerness to learn. At the same time, the Singapore government can learn from Hong Kong in promoting entrepreneurship within the tourism industry. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
529.
Isabel-María García-Sánchez Oscar Suárez-Fernández Jennifer Martínez-Ferrero 《International Business Review》2019,28(2):359-374
This study proposes a new research approach to examine the relationship between board diversity, in terms of gender differences, and the quality of sustainability reporting, measured by several aspects: balance, conciseness, clarity, comparability and reliability of information. In addition, this study examines the moderating role that institutional factors exert on this relationship through the stakeholder orientation of the country of origin. The research questions are examined using an international sample of 273 firm-year observations from 2006 to 2014, applying several regression models for panel data. Our evidence is consistent with the existence of positive externalities associated with the presence of women in supervisory and senior management positions. That is, we evidence how boards with greater female representation decrease the risk of impression management strategies on sustainability disclosure. Female directors are positively associated with more balanced, comparable and reliable information; although, they are also associated with less precise and clear information, given their narrative character. Moreover, evidence reports that these effects are greater in firms located in more stakeholder-oriented countries. Results are robust for alternative gender diversity measures. 相似文献
530.
Cristina Martínez-Sola Pedro J. García-Teruel Pedro Martínez-Solano 《Small Business Economics》2018,51(4):823-842
This paper studies the effect of growth opportunities, financial constraints and financial distress on the speed of adjustment of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to their target cash holdings. We use a sample of Spanish SMEs from the period of 1998 to 2012. The results support the existence of a target cash holding level to which small firms attempt to converge. Additionally, consistent with the precautionary motive for cash holdings, the results show that SMEs with greater growth opportunities adjust more quickly to their target cash holding level to preserve their financial flexibility and to be able to take advantage of profitable investment opportunities when they arise. Moreover, for SMEs in financial difficulties, the adjustment speed of cash is higher to avoid financial distress costs. Finally, we observe a faster speed of adjustment for cash holding in the crisis period for all firms, as a possible response to the credit restrictions faced by SMEs. 相似文献