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101.
Emmanuel Ziramba 《The South African journal of economics. Suid-afrikaanse tydskrif vir ekonomie》2008,76(4):596-606
The main objective for this paper is to test Wagner's law by analysing the causal relationships between real government expenditure and real income for South Africa for the period 1960‐2006. The paper tests the long‐run relationship between the two variables using the autoregressive distributive lag approach to cointegration suggested by Pesaran et al. We use the Granger non‐causality test procedure developed by Toda and Yamamoto, which uses a vector autoregression model to test for the causal link between the two. Evidence of cointegration is sufficient to establish a long‐run relationship between government expenditure and income. However, support for Wagner's law would require unidirectional causality from income to government expenditure. Therefore, cointegration should be seen as a necessary condition for Wagner's law, but not sufficient. This research does find a long‐run relationship between real per capita government expenditure and real per capita income. Results for the short‐run causality find bidirectional causality. On the basis of empirical results in this paper, one may tentatively conclude that Wagner's law finds no support in South Africa. 相似文献
102.
For a long time French local and regional authorities were largely excluded from debates on cultural policy, and even more so from international cultural exchanges. Their intervention in this second area, in its most conventional forms to its contemporary networks, occupies a special place in the present issues. Being sustained by large increases in local and national budgets for culture, such an evolution necessarily raised certain strategic issues and debates, which are discussed in the paper. The international element of local cultural policies has only recently appeared as a potential area for local strategy development. It can be seen as the result of the cultural generation of the 1980s, from the point of view of actors in both the public and professional domain. This paper examines the three following aspects: the forms taken by cultural decentralization in its main stages, through the conferral of negotiated powers; the modifications in centre-periphery relations brought about by this decentralization; and the emergence of an international exchange dynamic as a result of these first two processes. 相似文献
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104.
Prompted by food shortages, the newly ensconced Ghanaian military regime in 1972 initiated ‘Operation Feed Yourself’, a national programme directed at increased production of food crops. The authors attempt to determine how effective Operation Feed Yourself has been in attaining its goals. The bureaucracy which was set in place to implement the programme is assessed. Building on personal interviews conducted in Ghana with persons responsible for and affected by it, the authors discuss the successes and shortcomings of Operation Feed Yourself and suggest areas in which improvement might be made. 相似文献
105.
Emmanuel Dhyne Catherine Fuss Claude Mathieu 《Oxford bulletin of economics and statistics》2015,77(6):854-871
This paper examines whether multinationals differ in their employment adjustment from domestic companies, using a panel of 5,544 Belgian firms observed between 1998 and 2005. More precisely, we estimate labour adjustment costs by worker and firm types. We propose a new flexible specification that takes into account the role of firm size in adjustment costs. Our results indicate that adjusting white‐collar employment is around half as costly for multinational firms (MNFs) as for domestic firms of the same size. The remaining differential in adjustment costs between MNFs and domestic firms might result, among other things, from multinationals' stronger bargaining power. 相似文献
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108.
Subcultural tensions in managing organisational culture: a study of an English Premier League football organisation 下载免费PDF全文
In this article, we explore subcultural interaction in the context of attempts by executives to control culture in the unusual organisational setting of football. We present evidence of five tension points in subcultural relations (togetherness or isolation, internal labour market, multiple identification and allegiances, individual and organisational requirements, and competition and cooperation). We examine how these tensions were induced and or exacerbated by the culture management efforts, as well as the ways in which the dynamics of change impacted on the objectives of executives. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings for theory and practice. 相似文献
109.
We examine the behavior of stock market prices in several African countries by means of fractionally integrated techniques.
In doing so, we can test for mean reversion in these markets. Our results can be summarized as follows: we cannot find evidence
of mean reversion in any single market, and evidence of long memory returns (i.e., orders of integration above 1 in the logged
stock prices) is obtained in the cases of Egypt and Nigeria, and, in a lesser extent in Tunisia, Morocco and Kenya. Permitting
the existence of a structural change, the break dates take place in the earlier 2000s in the majority of the cases, and evidence
of mean reversion seems to have taken place in the periods before the breaks in most of the countries. If we focus on the
absolute and squared returns, evidence of long memory is obtained in Nigeria and Egypt. Thus, for these two countries, a long
memory model incorporating positive fractional degrees of integration in both the level and the volatility process should
be considered. 相似文献
110.
Chetty R Friedman JN Hilger N Saez E Schanzenbach DW Yagan D 《The quarterly journal of economics》2011,126(4):1593-1660
In Project STAR, 11,571 students in Tennessee and their teachers were randomly assigned to classrooms within their schools from kindergarten to third grade. This article evaluates the long-term impacts of STAR by linking the experimental data to administrative records. We first demonstrate that kindergarten test scores are highly correlated with outcomes such as earnings at age 27, college attendance, home ownership, and retirement savings. We then document four sets of experimental impacts. First, students in small classes are significantly more likely to attend college and exhibit improvements on other outcomes. Class size does not have a significant effect on earnings at age 27, but this effect is imprecisely estimated. Second, students who had a more experienced teacher in kindergarten have higher earnings. Third, an analysis of variance reveals significant classroom effects on earnings. Students who were randomly assigned to higher quality classrooms in grades K–3—as measured by classmates' end-of-class test scores—have higher earnings, college attendance rates, and other outcomes. Finally, the effects of class quality fade out on test scores in later grades, but gains in noncognitive measures persist. 相似文献