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排序方式: 共有227条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
32.
Max Friedrich Steinhardt 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2007,87(8):544-549
Ein zentrales Thema in der aktuellen politischen Debatte in Deutschland ist die Integration der ausl?ndischen Bev?lkerung.
Welche Rolle spielt dabei die Einbürgerung und wie sehen die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen hierfür aus? Wie entwickelte sich
die Zahl der eingebürgerten Personen? Woher kommen sie, wie ist ihre Altersstruktur und welche Bildung haben sie? Welche Implikationen
ergeben sich für die Integrationspolitik? 相似文献
33.
34.
The paper aims at comparing the formal and informal labour marketsin the Central and Eastern European new EU Member States andcandidate countries of the European Union. First, the currentsituation of the labour market is described, focusing on therecent developments since the breaking up of the East. Thenthe policy design of these labour markets is depicted and itseffects on formal and informal labour markets. The most importantchallenges for employment policy as well as the effects of enlargementon the labour markets are analysed. The paper ends with a shortsummary. (JEL J21, J23, H26, H11, O17, O57) 相似文献
35.
Empirical Economics - The paper surveys various parametric Lorenz curves to be fitted to grouped income data in order to obtain an estimate for the Gini measure of inequality. The curves are fitted... 相似文献
36.
From a theoretical point of view, the relationship between corruption and the shadow economy is ambiguous: They can either
be substitutes or complements. This paper contributes to this debate by using a structural equation model with two latent
variables to extract information on various dimensions of corruption and the shadow economy. Analyzing a sample of 51 countries
around the world over the period 2000 to 2005, we present empirical evidence for a complementary (positive) relationship of
corruption and the shadow economy. 相似文献
37.
Reinhard Neck Jens Uwe W?chter Friedrich Schneider 《International Tax and Public Finance》2012,19(1):104-117
In this paper we investigate how the possibility of (legal) tax avoidance affects the extent of (illegal) tax evasion and
hence the shadow economy. We formulate a theoretical microeconomic model of household behavior in which households can participate
in the official and in the shadow economy. Using comparative statics, we show that the complexity of the tax system affects
participation in the shadow economy negatively, i.e. a more complex tax system with more possibilities of legal tax avoidance
implies, ceteris paribus, a smaller labor supply in the shadow economy. In addition, we show that a reduction in the maximum
admissible number of working hours in the official economy increases the labor supply in the shadow economy. 相似文献
38.
39.
Matthias Raddant Friedrich Wagner 《Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination》2016,11(2):229-246
We analyze the returns of stocks contained in the Standard & Poor’s 500 index from 1987 until 2011. We use covariance matrices of the firms’ returns determined in a time windows of several years. We find that the eigenvector belonging to the leading eigenvalue (the market) exhibits a phase transition. The market is in an ordered state from 1995 to 2005 and in a disordered state after 2005. We can relate this transition to an order parameter derived from the stocks’ beta and the trading volume. This order parameter can also be interpreted within an agent-based model. 相似文献
40.
Under what conditions central banks can afford to deviate from announced targets without losing their reputation is analyzed. For this, the public must have something like ‘confident expectations' vis-a-vis monetary policy and central banks have to behave accordingly. The paper shows that it can be rational for the public and welfare-increasing for the society to retain ‘confident expectations' instead of switching to rational expectations, when central banks have gained long-run reputation. At the end of the paper, alternative optimal money supply rules are compared in a dynamic optimization framework. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. 相似文献